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| #Post#: 2214-------------------------------------------------- | |
| Russia, the Last Colonial Empire | |
| By: guest5 Date: November 14, 2020, 5:55 pm | |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | |
| Russia, the Last Colonial Empire | |
| [quote]Russia should be counted among the European colonial | |
| empires�and as the only one left standing. That�s the key to | |
| comprehending its future.[/quote] | |
| https://www.the-american-interest.com/2017/06/29/russia-last-colonial-empire/ | |
| Empire of the steppe: Russia's colonial experience on the | |
| Eurasian frontier | |
| [quote]Historian Michael Khodarkovsky offered insight into | |
| Russia's colonial rule in the Eurasian steppe and its | |
| implications for the current crisis in Ukraine during a Eurasian | |
| Empires and Central Asian Peoples seminar.[/quote][quote] �In | |
| many ways,� Khodarkovsky contended, �Russia continues to be an | |
| �Empire of the Steppe�: an empire that is bitter about losing in | |
| 1991 what it considers its territories, and is now trying to | |
| restore under the slogan of the Eurasian Union."[/quote] | |
| [quote]Continental or colonial? | |
| Russia is a colonial empire that has �persistently denied its | |
| colonial nature,� Khodarkovsky explained. He noted that in the | |
| mid-16th century, while Spain and Portugal were exploring and | |
| conquering the New World, Russia was embarking on its own | |
| imperialistic mission along the soft borders of the steppe, a | |
| huge swathe of land that runs roughly from Eastern Europe in the | |
| west through Central Asia to Mongolia and China in the east. | |
| Both Russian and foreign scholars have frequently disagreed | |
| about whether Russia�s policies in the Caucasus, Central Asia, | |
| Siberia and Asia can be considered colonial. Many scholars | |
| contend that Russia cannot be classified as a colonial empire | |
| because it expanded only within its own continent. Khodarkovsky, | |
| however, argued that Russia should be conceptualized as a | |
| �hybrid empire� because its expansion was both continental and | |
| colonial in nature. | |
| While comparisons between Russia and the West are inevitable, | |
| Khodarkovsky claimed that traditional Russian scholars and | |
| policy makers have been quick to differentiate the Russian | |
| experience in the steppe and Western colonialism in non-European | |
| states. �Similarities with the West were welcome,� he observed, | |
| �as long as they confirmed Russia�s equal greatness.� | |
| Traditionally, Russia has maintained that it came together as a | |
| country through peaceful and voluntary unification, instead of | |
| the violent means employed by European empires. | |
| Unlike Europe�s colonization of the New World, which resulted in | |
| bloody wars of independence and ultimately the expulsion of | |
| Spain, Portugal, France, and England from the Americas, many | |
| Russian historians have argued that Russia�s control of | |
| conquered territory resulted from a policy of �unite and rule.� | |
| These nuanced differences, said Khodarkovsky, give Russia | |
| grounds to deny the country�s imperialistic tendencies. | |
| The speaker argued that Russian history can indeed be classified | |
| as an imperial if one defines the main characteristic of | |
| colonialism as an unbalanced relationship between Christian | |
| conquerors and the non-Christian subjects of their civilizing | |
| mission. He added that the Russian empire was adept at using | |
| local elites in the lands it conquered to promote its imperial | |
| agenda long before the British attempted to do the same in | |
| India. | |
| Although Russia refused to define its own expansion as colonial, | |
| Khodarkovsky said it learned from, expanded upon and sometimes | |
| imitated the colonial experiences of its European counterparts. | |
| And although the USSR initially identified Russia as an imperial | |
| power, this criticism was soon muted.[/quote] | |
| https://www.international.ucla.edu/euro/article/139315 | |
| See also: | |
| https://trueleft.createaforum.com/enemies/duginism/ | |
| #Post#: 2217-------------------------------------------------- | |
| Re: Russia, the Last Colonial Empire | |
| By: 90sRetroFan Date: November 14, 2020, 10:27 pm | |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | |
| See also: | |
| https://trueleft.createaforum.com/colonial-era/alaska/ | |
| https://trueleft.createaforum.com/colonial-era/sakhalin/ | |
| #Post#: 5125-------------------------------------------------- | |
| Re: Russia, the Last Colonial Empire | |
| By: 90sRetroFan Date: March 27, 2021, 11:42 pm | |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | |
| For reference: | |
| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Russia_1533-1896.gif/… | |
| NEVER FORGIVE. NEVER FORGET. | |
| [img] | |
| https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/8BK5l_0MLei3WNmJRf2wxOh44-8ELZv6gG1SDMk… | |
| #Post#: 7661-------------------------------------------------- | |
| Re: Russia, the Last Colonial Empire | |
| By: 90sRetroFan Date: July 22, 2021, 9:52 pm | |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | |
| To elaborate on the point posted here: | |
| https://trueleft.createaforum.com/questions-debates/aryanism's-hostility-toward… | |
| [quote]"absorbing people of conquered territories to be part of | |
| Russian people" | |
| Like this? | |
| https://trueleft.createaforum.com/colonial-era/sakhalin/ | |
| [quote]In October 1946 the Soviets began to repatriate all | |
| remaining Japanese.[citation needed] By 1950 most had been sent, | |
| willing or not, to Hokkaidō, though they had to leave all | |
| of their possessions behind, including any currency they had, | |
| Russian or Japanese.[/quote] | |
| Or like this? | |
| https://trueleft.createaforum.com/colonial-era/alaska/ | |
| [quote]the Russian promyshlenniki forced the Aleuts to do | |
| the work for them, often by taking hostage family-members in | |
| exchange for hunted seal-furs.[5] This pattern of colonial | |
| exploitation resembled some of the Russian promyshlenniki | |
| practices in their expansion into Siberia and the Russian Far | |
| East.[6] As word spread of the potential riches in furs, | |
| competition among Russian companies increased and the Aleuts | |
| were enslaved. | |
| ... | |
| Hostages were taken, families were split up, and individuals | |
| were forced to leave their villages and settle elsewhere. | |
| ... | |
| As the Shelekhov-Golikov Company of 1783-1799 developed a | |
| monopoly, its use of skirmishes and violent incidents turned | |
| into systematic violence as a tool of colonial exploitation of | |
| the indigenous people.[/quote] | |
| Or like this? | |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_settlements_in_the_Soviet_Union#Iranians_a… | |
| [quote]in 1950 all Iranians, with the exception of persons | |
| of Armenian ethnicity, were resettled from Georgia, a population | |
| of some 4,776 persons, and in the same year thousands of | |
| Christian ethnic Assyrians were deported from Armenia and | |
| Georgia to Kazakhstan.[7][/quote] | |
| Or like this? | |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_racism_in_Russia#Effects_on_Indigen… | |
| [quote]The dispossession of Indigenous peoples from their | |
| lands throughout Russia for natural resource extraction has a | |
| long historical context of racism.[3]:44 According to Indigenous | |
| studies scholar Aileen Espiritu, "As non-European peoples, the | |
| Khanty, Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets were seen as inferior races by | |
| the Russians, and were therefore exploited for their goods and | |
| resources.[/quote] | |
| Or like this? | |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_of_Chinese_in_the_Soviet_Union | |
| [quote]By the 1940s, Chinese had become almost extinct in | |
| the Russian Far East, although there were more than 200 | |
| thousands Chinese before the October Revolution in 1921.[1][2] | |
| The detailed history of how the Chinese became distinct still | |
| needs to be uncovered and deciphered from the Soviet records.[2] | |
| As local East Asians were forced to leave, Europeans were also | |
| forced to migrate to the Far East from Europe and Siberia, and | |
| eventually became dominant in the local population.[3][/quote] | |
| "you just making it up to vilify Russia" | |
| Jews say I am just making it up to vilify Israel. I don't take | |
| them seriously either.[/quote] | |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_of_Chinese_in_the_Soviet_Union | |
| [quote]By the 1940s, Chinese had become almost extinct in the | |
| Russian Far East, although there were more than 200 thousands | |
| Chinese before the October Revolution in 1921.[1][2] The | |
| detailed history of how the Chinese became distinct still needs | |
| to be uncovered and deciphered from the Soviet records.[2] As | |
| local East Asians were forced to leave, Europeans were also | |
| forced to migrate to the Far East from Europe and Siberia, and | |
| eventually became dominant in the local population.[3] | |
| ... | |
| In the Russian Far East, the repression against ethnic Chinese | |
| began early before the Great Purge. As the October Revolution | |
| evoked the Russian Civil War, ethnic Chinese were discriminated | |
| against and repressed by multiple parties in the war. According | |
| to Chinese diplomatic documents, ethnic Chinese (including | |
| civilians) who were captured by the White Army were executed and | |
| their bodies displayed in public as an act of intimidation. | |
| Chinese males were often rounded up and summarily executed by | |
| being shot or bayoneted. The Red Army was arguably even worse. | |
| Undisciplined Red Army soldiers looted and burned ethnic Chinese | |
| villages and towns, raping women, killing at random, imprisoning | |
| and torturing military aged males and interning women/children. | |
| ... | |
| When the Chinese were leaving the Soviet Union, they would need | |
| to pay an extra 14-ruble outbound fee and to be checked nakedly. | |
| Remittance of the Chinese was restricted. Extra taxation, | |
| including that of business license, business, income, profits, | |
| private debts, docks, poverty, school, etc., was assigned to the | |
| Chinese and their properties. | |
| ... | |
| In 1926, People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs resolved to | |
| use any means to stop Chinese and Koreans migrating into Soviet | |
| territory, as they were regarded to cause danger to the Soviet | |
| Union. Koreans began to be relocated from the Far East, while | |
| measures were taken to "squeeze out" the Chinese from the border | |
| area.[12]:116�117 | |
| In 1928, Arsenyev Mikhail Mikhailovich | |
| (Арсеньев | |
| Михаил | |
| Михайлови& | |
| #1095;), | |
| Staff Colonel of Red Army Headquarter, submitted a report to Far | |
| Eastern Commission, advising that free migration from China and | |
| Korea in the areas bordering the countries should be stopped and | |
| that the area should be filled with migrants from Siberia and | |
| Europe instead.[2][12] | |
| ... | |
| When they were to leave Russia, any Chinese to cross the border | |
| with more than 30 rubles in cash will need to pay the surplus to | |
| the authority. 1,000 rubles in cash to cross the border would | |
| make them arrested, with all the money confiscated.[19]:30 | |
| The Chinese were massively detained according to the | |
| Shanghai-based newspaper Shen Bao. on 24 July 1929, the | |
| newspaper said, "around a thousand Chinese who lived in | |
| Vladivostok were detained by the Soviet authority. They were all | |
| said to be bourgeoisie."[22] On 12 August, the newspaper stated | |
| that there were still 1,600-1,700 Chinese in jail in | |
| Vladivostok, and that each of them was provided with a piece of | |
| rye bread daily and underwent various tortures.[23] On 26 | |
| August, the newspaper continued that the detained Chinese in | |
| Khabarovsk only had a bread soup for meal daily, among which a | |
| lot of people had hanged them due to unbearable starvation.[24] | |
| On 14 September, the newspaper stated that another thousand of | |
| Chinese in Vladivostok were arrested, with almost no Chinese | |
| remaining in the city.[25] On 15 September, the newspaper | |
| continued that Vladivostok had arrested more than 1,000 Chinese | |
| during 8 and 9 September and that there were estimated to be | |
| more than 7,000 Chinese in jail in the city.[26] On 21 | |
| September, the newspaper said, "the Government in the Russian | |
| Far East cheated the arrested Chinese, and forced them to | |
| construct the railway between Heihe and Khabarovsk. The forced | |
| workers only had two pieces of rye bread to eat daily. If they | |
| worked with any delay, they would be whipped, making them at the | |
| edge of living and dead."[27][19]:31 | |
| ... | |
| On 10 November, the Republic of China Consulate in Chita | |
| reported to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that the Soviet was | |
| migrating 30,000 Europeans to Siberia and the Far East monthly | |
| to strengthen defence and economic construction in the region, | |
| and that to save space for the European migrants and to avoid | |
| Chinese or Korean collusion with Japan and Manchukuo, the policy | |
| to remove Koreans and Chinese was enforced.[30] | |
| ... | |
| Millionka, where there lived populous Chinese, was once | |
| destroyed in 1936 and rebuilt by Chinese migrants. On that | |
| night, shootouts broke out in the neighborhood, killing 7 | |
| Soviets and 434 Chinese.[33]:174 The Soviet Government spent 7 | |
| months to reconstruct the whole neighborhood after the conflict. | |
| Russian historian Oleg Khlevnyuk describes the night as "a | |
| racial massacre based on narrow Russian nationalism in the name | |
| of socialism".[33]:175 Corpses of the Chinese victims in | |
| Millionka were re-discovered on 8 June 2010.[36] | |
| On 29 December, Primorsky Krai launched a purge against the | |
| Chinese, leading to 853 arrests according to the Krai | |
| Governmental records.[37] The Republic of China consulates in | |
| Khabarovsk and Blagoveshchensk reported more than 200 and 100 | |
| Chinese arrested respectively.[7] During 12�13 January 1938, | |
| another 20 and more Chinese were reportedly arrested in | |
| Blagoveshchensk.[7] | |
| ... | |
| On 14th, the Chinese Consulate in Vladivostok reported to the | |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs, "the Soviet robbed everything, | |
| especially money and possessions; if they are hidden somewhere, | |
| the Chinese would be extorted by tortures, numerous people | |
| killed by such detention, which was miserable and harsh to an | |
| extreme."[41] On 17th, the Chinese Consulate in Khabarovsk | |
| protested against the tortures during interrogation, calling for | |
| Soviet release of the Chinese. On 19th, the Central Daily News | |
| again protested against the Soviet abuse of the Chinese.[42] On | |
| 21st, Hong Kong-based Kung Sheung Daily News re-posted a | |
| Japanese coverage of the Soviet brutality against the Chinese, | |
| to express its outrage against the deeds of the Soviet | |
| Union.[43] On 22nd, the Chinese Consulate in Khabarovsk reported | |
| another hundred of innocent Chinese arrested during the previous | |
| night by NKVD and that it was heard previously arrested Chinese | |
| were forced to work in those remote, cold areas.[44] On 2 March, | |
| the Chinese Consulate in Vladivostok reported, "the Soviet | |
| authority searched for the Chinese day and night, arresting the | |
| Chinese even when they were at work. The Soviet was so | |
| aggressive that there was no space for any concession. The deeds | |
| were as brutal as the exclusion of China in 1900, during which | |
| many were drowned in the Heilongjiang River. Recalling the | |
| miserable history makes people tremble with fear."[45] | |
| After times of massive arrests, there were only more than a | |
| thousand Chinese in Vladivostok. The Soviet authority stopped | |
| the search and arrest for a month. After the Chinese sheltered | |
| by the Chinese Consulate all left the consulate, the Soviet | |
| authority restarted to search and seize the Chinese. As the | |
| Soviet had established tremendous checkpoints around the Chinese | |
| Consulate, the Chinese were unable to return to the consulate | |
| for help, which made almost all the Chinese in Vladivostok | |
| arrested.[46][47] The second and third massive | |
| search-and-seizure operation arrested 2,005 and 3,082 Chinese | |
| respectively. On 7 May, the Chinese Consulate in Vladivostok | |
| reported 7 to 8 thousand Chinese in total under detention. Local | |
| prisons were filled by the Chinese, which, added by tortures | |
| during interrogation, often caused deaths.[48][/quote] | |
| And it wasn't just a Soviet practice either. Earlier: | |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_Amur_anti-Chinese_pogroms | |
| [quote]Sixty-Four Villages East of the River | |
| Lieutenant-General Konstantin Nikolaevich Gribskiy ordered the | |
| expulsion of all Qing subjects who remained north of the | |
| river.[4] This included the residents of the villages, and | |
| Chinese traders and workers who lived in Blagoveshchensk proper, | |
| where they numbered anywhere between one-sixth and one-half of | |
| the local population of 30,000.[4][5] They were taken by the | |
| local police and driven into the river to be drowned. Those who | |
| could swim were shot by the Russian forces.[6][/quote] | |
| NEVER FORGIVE. NEVER FORGET. | |
| #Post#: 8566-------------------------------------------------- | |
| Re: Duginism | |
| By: Dazhbog Date: September 3, 2021, 6:24 am | |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | |
| Daily reminder that Duginism is not merely a recent phenomenon: | |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War#Pre-war_negotiations | |
| [quote]The 1890s and 1900s marked the height of the "Yellow | |
| Peril" propaganda by the German government, and the German | |
| Emperor Wilhelm II (r. 1888�1918) often wrote letters to his | |
| cousin Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, praising him as the | |
| "saviour of the white race" and urging Russia forward in | |
| Asia.[/quote] | |
| Nowadays, this label is applied to Putin. | |
| [quote]From November 1894 onward, Wilhelm had been writing | |
| letters praising Nicholas as Europe's defender from the "Yellow | |
| Peril", assuring the Tsar that God Himself had "chosen" Russia | |
| to defend Europe from the alleged Asian threat.[/quote] | |
| Nowadays, WNs praise Russia (as well as other | |
| Turandom-countries) as "defenders" against the "Islamic threat". | |
| Then there is this: | |
| [quote]Wilhelm had written to Nicholas stating that the question | |
| of Russian interests in Manchuria and Korea was beside the | |
| point, saying instead it was a matter of Russia "undertaking the | |
| protection and defence of the White Race, and with it, Christian | |
| civilization, against the Yellow Race. And whatever the Japs are | |
| determined to ensure the domination of the Yellow Race in East | |
| Asia, to put themselves at its head and organise and lead it | |
| into battle against the White Race. That is the kernel of the | |
| situation, and therefore there can be very little doubt about | |
| where the sympathies of all half-way intelligent Europeans | |
| should lie. England betrayed Europe's interests to America in a | |
| cowardly and shameful way over the Panama Canal question, so as | |
| to be left in 'peace' by the Yankees. Will the 'Tsar' likewise | |
| betray the interests of the White Race to the Yellow as to be | |
| 'left in peace' and not embarrass the Hague tribunal too | |
| much?"[/quote] | |
| Nowadays, WNs (contrary to Hitler) increasingly engage in the | |
| same kind of anglophobia, which also forms their common factor | |
| with non-"white" Duginists like kameradbaren: | |
| https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/the-eternal-anglo | |
| [img width=1280 | |
| height=445] | |
| https://i.kym-cdn.com/photos/images/original/001/649/009/8d7.jpeg[/img] | |
| (In addition, note how the subtitle below the "Eternal Anglo" | |
| uses a typeface typically found in video games from the | |
| counterculture era, whereas the subtitle below the "White | |
| Europeans" uses a blackletter typeface banned by National | |
| Socialist Germany in 1941!) | |
| Of course, just like nowadays WN-ism, the sentiments expressed | |
| by colonial era-Germany's ridiculous "Kaiser" also had their | |
| echo within Russia itself: | |
| [quote]Nicholas held the Japanese in contempt as "yellow | |
| monkeys", and he took for granted that the Japanese would simply | |
| yield in the face of Russia's superior power, which thus | |
| explains his unwillingness to compromise.[/quote] | |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(philosopher)#Life_and_work | |
| [quote]Solovyov's attempts to chart a course of civilization's | |
| progress toward an East-West Christian ecumenicism developed an | |
| increasing bias against Asian cultures which he initially | |
| studied with great interest. | |
| ... | |
| Solovyov spent his final years obsessed with fear of the "Yellow | |
| Peril", warning that soon the Asian peoples, especially the | |
| Chinese, would invade and destroy Russia. Solovyov further | |
| elaborated in his apocalyptic short story "Tale of the | |
| Antichrist" published in the Nedelya newspaper on February 27, | |
| 1900, in which China and Japan join forces to conquer Russia. | |
| His 1894 poem Pan-Mongolism, whose opening lines serve as | |
| epigraph to the story, was widely seen as predicting the coming | |
| Russo-Japanese War.[/quote] | |
| So when will China and Japan finally join forces and realize | |
| Solovyov's vision? | |
| Also worthy of note: | |
| [quote]He dismissed the Buddhist concept of Nirvana as a | |
| pessimistic nihilistic "nothingness" which was antithetical to | |
| salvation, no better than Gnostic dualism.[/quote] | |
| [quote]As an active member of Society for the Promotion of | |
| Culture Among the Jews of Russia, he spoke Hebrew and struggled | |
| to reconcile Judaism and Christianity. Politically, he became | |
| renowned as the leading defender of Jewish civil rights in | |
| tsarist Russia in the 1880s. Solovyov also advocated for his | |
| cause internationally and published a letter in The London Times | |
| pleading for international support for his struggle. The Jewish | |
| Encyclopedia describes him as "a friend of the Jews" and states | |
| that "Even on his death-bed he is said to have prayed for the | |
| Jewish people".[/quote] | |
| The link between Duginism, anti-Gnosticism and | |
| Judeo-Christianity laid bare in one person! | |
| #Post#: 8568-------------------------------------------------- | |
| Re: Re: Duginism | |
| By: guest55 Date: September 3, 2021, 4:10 pm | |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | |
| Starting to wonder if vodka has anything to with the fact that | |
| so many Russians and Russophiles seem to have such terrible | |
| reading comprehension? | |
| #Post#: 8620-------------------------------------------------- | |
| Re: Russia, the Last Colonial Empire | |
| By: 90sRetroFan Date: September 7, 2021, 5:27 am | |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | |
| "So when will China and Japan finally join forces and realize | |
| Solovyov's vision?" | |
| Let's not hold our breaths: | |
| https://us.yahoo.com/news/kyoto-themed-shopping-street-china-071824978.html | |
| [quote]A Kyoto-themed shopping street in China was forced to | |
| shut down after social media users accused it of being a form of | |
| 'Japanese occupation' and 'cultural invasion'[/quote] | |
| On the other hand: | |
| https://www.the-sun.com/uncategorized/1659756/china-fake-copy-france/ | |
| [img] | |
| https://www.thesun.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/KH-COMPOSITE-CHINA-FRANCE-2… | |
| [img] | |
| https://www.thesun.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/KH-COMPOSITE-CHINA-FRANCE-4… | |
| [img] | |
| https://www.thesun.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/KH-COMPOSITE-CHINA-FRANCE-3… | |
| [img] | |
| https://www.thesun.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/KH-COMPOSITE-CHINA-FRANCE-7… | |
| [img] | |
| https://www.thesun.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/KH-COMPOSITE-CHINA-FRANCE-8… | |
| https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/01/chinas-fake-european-cities-have-be… | |
| [img] | |
| https://compote.slate.com/images/a42159a9-319e-4b0a-bfba-c2126469439f.jpeg?widt… | |
| [img] | |
| https://compote.slate.com/images/e5a57ad9-8b34-4e06-8f96-9414732f3c0f.jpeg?widt… | |
| [img] | |
| https://compote.slate.com/images/d66c8573-3705-4af0-ac0b-c88fed1a51a1.jpeg?widt… | |
| No complaints about these. Why not? (Answer: Eurocentrism.) | |
| China and Japan will only join forces when they remember how | |
| they used to see the West: | |
| https://supchina.com/2021/08/11/the-start-of-modern-sino-japanese-relations/ | |
| [quote]On July 31, 1862, the Japanese steamship Senzaimaru | |
| arrived at Nagasaki, ending a two-month stay in China. Crewed on | |
| its voyage home by 10 Dutch sailors, the mission of �a handful | |
| of shogunal [government] officials, three merchants and other | |
| officials associated with the Nagasaki Commercial Hall, and a | |
| large number of young samurai attendants whose job description | |
| was never explicitly spelled out,� as historian Joshua Fogel | |
| described them in his book Maiden Voyage, the Senzaimaru was the | |
| first official overseas embassy sent from Japan to China in more | |
| than 300 years. | |
| ... | |
| In the 19th century, both China and Japan were grappling with | |
| expanding European maritime power, power that had made their | |
| previous trade policies unsustainable. | |
| ... | |
| With this in mind, Japan looked toward the nearby Chinese treaty | |
| ports to see what this new era of international trade might | |
| offer. | |
| The most obvious and promising link to be made was between | |
| Nagasaki and Shanghai. Nagasaki � in the news this week on the | |
| anniversary of the second atomic bombing in 1945 � had been | |
| Japan�s only port open to international trade for centuries, a | |
| role it retained as commerce with the United States and Europe | |
| began to open in the 1850s. Shanghai, quickly emerging as | |
| China�s most cosmopolitan port, was also the closest point on | |
| the Chinese mainland to Nagasaki, just 500 miles away across the | |
| East China Sea. | |
| ... | |
| The Japanese observers were also keenly aware of the disparate | |
| situation of Chinese and Westerners in the city. �Although the | |
| harbor is all hustle-bustle, it is due entirely to the large | |
| number of foreign merchant vessels. Within and without the | |
| walled city are numerous foreign commercial houses which are | |
| thus thriving. The places where I have seen Chinese living are | |
| often poor and filthy.� The same samurai who had noted the | |
| port�s prosperity later corrected himself, writing, �Pray, do | |
| not say of Shanghai that this is a flourishing place, For how | |
| much of it is being transported home on barbarian ships?� | |
| ... | |
| �The main purpose of the mission of the Senzaimaru was to | |
| observe the Western world in microcosm in Shanghai,� he writes. | |
| �In this way, Shanghai was to serve a double role as microcosm | |
| both of the West and of China.� The Japanese observers came away | |
| from their time in Shanghai repulsed by Western racism and | |
| arrogance. They viewed the exploitation of China as a lesson for | |
| Japan: in particular, the Qing acceptance of Western aid to | |
| fight the Taiping rebels � the Senzaimaru arrived at the height | |
| of the Taiping War � as a deal with the devil that would lead | |
| China to ruin. They were not wrong.[/quote] | |
| #Post#: 8643-------------------------------------------------- | |
| Re: Russia, the Last Colonial Empire | |
| By: Dazhbog Date: September 8, 2021, 9:18 am | |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | |
| [quote author=90sRetroFan link=topic=270.msg8620#msg8620 | |
| date=1631010466]Let's not hold our breaths[/quote] | |
| If you prefer this: | |
| [img] | |
| https://compote.slate.com/images/a42159a9-319e-4b0a-bfba-c2126469439f.jpeg?widt… | |
| ...over this: | |
| https://www.air-golf.com/sites/default/files/article/images/kyoto%20head%20phot… | |
| ...you deserve to be treated like this: | |
| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Beheading_of_Leonard_… | |
| [quote author=90sRetroFan link=topic=270.msg8620#msg8620 | |
| date=1631010466]The most obvious and promising link to be made | |
| was between Nagasaki and Shanghai. | |
| ... | |
| The Japanese observers were also keenly aware of the disparate | |
| situation of Chinese and Westerners in the city. | |
| ... | |
| The Japanese observers came away from their time in Shanghai | |
| repulsed by Western racism and arrogance.[/quote] | |
| Daily reminder that Russians were an integral part of the | |
| Western colonial presence in Shanghai: | |
| https://www.rbth.com/arts/2015/09/18/russian_noon_a_look_at_white_emigre_life_i… | |
| [quote]The first Russians to move to Shanghai were the | |
| wealth-seeking tea merchants who boarded the ferries from | |
| Vladivostok to the Chinese metropolis, which had a large | |
| international settlement, set up after the Qing Dynasty lost the | |
| First Opium War to the British Empire. | |
| ... | |
| The Russian community in Shanghai began to grow from 300 in 1906 | |
| to more than 10,000 with a decade, as revolutionary winds swept | |
| across Russia.[/quote] | |
| Also, daily reminder that once declared "white", you are always | |
| "white", no matter how low your socioeconomic status and how | |
| much wealthier "whites" look down on you based on that: | |
| [quote]Jinglei Wan, a historian based in Shanghai says the | |
| Russians in the city had a unique position in the race-based | |
| hierarchy in the city. �They enjoyed a status that was higher | |
| than the Chinese [...]. | |
| ... | |
| �The poorer of the lot even became beggars, burglars and | |
| pick-pockets,� says Wan �When they were caught, they were tried | |
| under Chinese law since they lost extraterritorial protections | |
| when they refused Soviet citizenship.� He adds that the poorer | |
| Russians were an �eyesore� for the Westerners who hated the | |
| sight of destitute drunken Europeans being arrested by the | |
| police.[/quote] | |
| Unfortunately, Eurocentrism was by then already firmly | |
| entrenched in Chinese consciousness, hence why interwar China | |
| never even lifted a finger to liquidate this colonial cesspit. | |
| In fact, it was the Japanese who admirably cleared Shanghai of | |
| Western colonialists: | |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_International_Settlement#Japanese_occupy… | |
| [quote]Anglo-American influence effectively ended after 8 | |
| December 1941, when the Imperial Japanese Army entered and | |
| occupied the British and American controlled parts of the city | |
| in the wake of the attack on Pearl Harbor. The British and | |
| Americans troops taken by surprise surrendered without a shot, | |
| with the exception of the only British riverboat in Shanghai, | |
| HMS Peterel, which refused to surrender: six of the 18 British | |
| crew who were on board at the time were killed when the ship was | |
| sunk when the Japanese opened fire at almost point-blank range. | |
| ... | |
| European residents of the International Settlement were forced | |
| to wear armbands to differentiate them, were evicted from their | |
| homes, and [...] were liable to maltreatment. All were liable | |
| for punitive punishments, torture and even death during the | |
| period of Japanese occupation. The Japanese sent European and | |
| American citizens to be interned at the Lunghua Civilian | |
| Assembly Center, a work camp on what was then the outskirts of | |
| Shanghai. Survivors of Lunghua were released in August 1945. | |
| Shanghai was notable for a long period as the only place in the | |
| world that unconditionally offered refuge for Jews escaping from | |
| the Nazis. These refugees often lived in squalid conditions in | |
| an area known as the Shanghai Ghetto in Hongkew. On 21 August | |
| 1941 the Japanese government closed Hongkew to Jewish | |
| immigration.[/quote] | |
| ...and ultimately restored Chinese sovereignty: | |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_International_Settlement#Return_to_Chine… | |
| [quote][...] in July 1943, the Japanese retroceded the SMC to | |
| the City Government of Shanghai, which was then in the hands of | |
| the pro-Japanese Wang Jingwei Government.[/quote] | |
| #Post#: 8653-------------------------------------------------- | |
| Re: Russia, the Last Colonial Empire | |
| By: 90sRetroFan Date: September 8, 2021, 10:53 pm | |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | |
| "If you prefer this:" | |
| The problem is, they really do: | |
| https://trueleft.createaforum.com/issues/decolonized-housing-(america-edition)/… | |
| And worse, False Leftists try to pass it off with insincere | |
| explanations like: "China was closed off from the outside world | |
| during the Mao era, so now they are overcompensating with | |
| interest in foreign styles." Oh yeah? So where is China's Somali | |
| architecture? Where are China's fake Incan cities? Everyone | |
| knows explanations like the above are utter bullshit. Just admit | |
| they are Eurocentrists already! | |
| To be fair, Japan succumbed even earlier: | |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_architecture#Meiji,_Taish%C5%8D,_and_ear… | |
| "Daily reminder that Russians were an integral part of the | |
| Western colonial presence in Shanghai:" | |
| Exactly. See also: | |
| https://trueleft.createaforum.com/questions-debates/is-putin's-russia-duginist-… | |
| #Post#: 10712-------------------------------------------------- | |
| Re: Russia, the Last Colonial Empire | |
| By: guest55 Date: January 20, 2022, 1:28 pm | |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | |
| Why the Russian Colonization of the Americas Failed - | |
| DOCUMENTARY | |
| [quote]Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series | |
| on early modern history and economic history continue with a | |
| video on the Russian Colonization of the Americas, as we see how | |
| Russia tried to create colonies in California, Hawaii and Alaska | |
| during the late stage of the age of colonization, and why these | |
| colonization efforts failed.[/quote] | |
| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVUbiefgVJQ | |
| ***************************************************** | |
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