Subj : The Weekly ARRL Letter
To   : All
From : Sean Dennis
Date : Fri Sep 18 2020 09:05 am

  The ARRL Letter
  September 17, 2020

    * Storms Generate Busy Times for ARES and the Hurricane Watch Net
    * ARRL to Seek Changes in FCC Draft Decision on Amateur 9-Centimeter
      Band
    * ARRL Podcasts Schedule
    * Analysis Determines We Are in Solar Cycle 25
    * The K7RA Solar Update
    * Just Ahead in Radiosport
    * International Telecommunication Union Releases 2020 ITU Radio
      Regulations
    * Announcements
    * Ham Radio Exams are Not Going Away in Brazil After All
    * In Brief...
    * Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions
  Storms Generate Busy Times for ARES and the Hurricane Watch Net

  The Hurricane Watch Net (HWN) activated on Sunday, September 13, on
  both 14.325 MHz and 7.268 MHz as Hurricane Paulette was predicted to
  make landfall on Bermuda the next day as a Category 2 storm. That tour
  melded into an extended activation in anticipation of Hurricane Sally,
  which came ashore on the Gulf coast in Alabama on September 16. The
  slow-moving storm, which diminished to a tropical storm not long after
  landing, at mid-week was causing "catastrophic and life-threatening
  flooding" over portions of the Florida Panhandle and southern Alabama.

  The HWN stood down at mid-week after 71 hours of continuous operation.
  HWN Manager Bobby Graves, KB5HAV, said it seem long activations such as
  these are happening all too often. "I suppose Mother Nature hasn't been
  getting the attention she desires," Graves quipped.

  Northern Florida Section Emergency Coordinator Karl Martin, K4HBN,
  reported on September 17 that Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES)
  teams in his Section were standing down. "We had a total of 4 counties
  affected by Sally," he said. "The hardest hit was Escambia county,
  located at the Alabama/Florida border. The Atlantic is still very busy,
  but I hope the rest of the season is quiet."

  ARES teams went on alert in other Sections in the region.

  The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) announced on Tuesday
  that two 60-meter channels had been made available for interoperability
  between US government stations and US amateur radio stations involved
  in emergency communications related to the wildland firefighting
  response in California, Oregon, and Washington, as well as to Hurricane
  Sally. The interoperability

  channels will remain active until the need for them no longer exists:
    * Channel 1 -- primary voice traffic 5332 kHz channel center, 5330.5
      kHz USB voice
    * Channel 2 -- digital traffic 5348 kHz channel center, 5346.5 kHz
      USB with 1.5 kHz offset to center of digital waveform

  Frequencies may be modified or added to by FEMA Region 10 for their
  area or operations due to existing 5 MHz/60-meter interoperability
  plans for their region.

  Amateur radio is secondary on the 5 MHz band and must yield to
  operational traffic related to wildland firefighting and hurricane
  response. Although the intended use for these channels is
  interoperability between federal government stations and licensed US
  amateur radio stations, federal government stations are primary users
  and amateurs are secondary users.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  The FCC has granted ARRL's request for a temporary waiver to permit
  amateur data transmissions at a higher symbol rate than currently
  permitted by section 97.307(f) of the FCC amateur service rules. The
  FCC acted to facilitate hurricane and wildfire relief communications
  within the US and its territories.

  ARRL sought the waiver for amateur radio licensees directly involved
  with hurricane and wildfire relief via HF using PACTOR 4 modems for
  communication within the US and its territories, relative to several
  impending hurricane situations and wildfires in the western US. ARRL's
  petition noted that Section 97.307(f) of the amateur rules prevents the
  use of PACTOR 4, a data protocol that permits relatively high-speed
  data transmission. ARRL also noted that past FCC temporary waivers have
  allowed this protocol during similar events. The waiver is limited to
  60 days.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  The Military Auxiliary Radio System (MARS) is following FEMA's lead on
  the interoperability channel designations for the wildfire and
  hurricane response. Army MARS Program Manager Paul English, WD8DBY,
  says he has alerted all MARS members of the FEMA channel designations
  and MARS members are prepared to support response efforts as needed.

  WX4NHC at the NHC also activated on Sunday in advance of Paulette,
  monitoring and gathering reports from the HWN on 14.325

  and 7.268 MHz and via the VoIP-WX Net on EchoLink WXtalk 7203
  Conference and IRLP 9219.

  The Caribbean Basin has more in store during this hurricane season. "We
  are now keeping a close eye on Hurricane Teddy," Graves said, noting
  that Bermuda could be affected by another hurricane by late Sunday
  night or early Monday morning. "Also, we are keeping a close eye on a
  system that seems to be getting better organized in the southwestern
  Gulf of Mexico."

  The next named storm will be Wilfred, and after that storms will be
  designated using the Greek alphabet, starting with Alpha. "If we reach
  Alpha, it will be the second time in history to use that name," Graves
  pointed out. "The first was in 2005."
  ARRL to Seek Changes in FCC Draft Decision on Amateur 9-Centimeter Band

  ARRL efforts are under way to preserve amateur radio access to the 3.3
  - 3.5 GHz (9-centimeter) band. In an 80+ page draft Report and Order
  and Further Notice of Proposed Rulelmaking (R&O) in WT Docket 19-348,
  the FCC announced its intention to delete the 3.3 - 3.5 GHz amateur
  secondary allocation, subject to a phased withdrawal tied to its
  licensing of new primary users. According to the FCC, the 3.450 - 3.550
  GHz spectrum will be put up for auction as early as December 2021.
  Incumbent users will be permitted to continue operating in the band
  until licensing to commercial interests -- presumably 5G -- begins.
  That's estimated to be about 3 months after the spectrum auction
  concludes, or around mid-2022. No alternative spectrum was proposed to
  replace the 9-centimeter spectrum for amateur radio operations. In an
  associated Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, the FCC said it seeks
  comment "on whether it is in the public interest to sunset amateur use
  in the 3.3 - 3.55 GHz band in two separate phases," -- first above 3.4
  GHz, and later below 3.4 GHz.

  "We find that removing the existing secondary non-federal allocations
  from the 3.3 - 3.55 GHz band and clearing these non-federal operations
  from the band is in the public interest, and therefore, we adopt this
  proposal," the draft R&O says. "Because the [Department of Defense and
  the National Telecommunications and Information Agency] agree that
  commercial users operating pursuant to flexible use licenses can be
  accommodated in the 3.45 - 3.55 GHz band at full power, and given
  continued interest in the 3.3 - 3.45 GHz band for future sharing for
  flexible-use licenses, we find that retaining the secondary non-federal
  allocations across this spectrum would hinder the Commission's ability
  to offer flexible-use licensing in the future and would undermine the
  intensive and efficient use of valuable mid-band spectrum."

  "Further, to prevent adjacent-channel issues and to preserve the
  possibility of additional clearing for flexible use licensing below
  3.45 GHz, we find that sunsetting the secondary amateur allocation from
  the entire 3.3 -- 3.5 GHz portion of the band is in the public
  interest," the FCC said.

  Last February, ARRL filed comments opposing the FCC's proposal to
  delete the 3.3 - 3.5 GHz secondary amateur allocation, pointing to
  amateur radio's long history of successful coexistence with primary
  users of the band.

  The absolute deadline to submit additional comments on the draft R&O
  and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking via the Electronic Comment
  Filing System (ECFS) or to contact FCC staff on this issue is
  Wednesday, September 23 -- 7 days before the full Commission's
  consideration of the draft for final adoption -- in order to comply
  with FCC "Sunshine Rules."

  In August, the White House and the Department of Defense announced
  plans to allow for commercial 5G systems to operate in the 3.45 - 3.55
  GHz band throughout almost all of the contiguous US. The plan would
  leave radio amateurs to "individually determine appropriate alternate
  spectrum from existing available spectrum allocations."

  The 3.45 - 3.55 GHz segment would be teed up for a spectrum auction
  that's expected to commence by the end of 2021. This would mean
  amateurs would have to cease all operations at 3.45 GHz and above by
  the middle of 2022 at the earliest, based on an FCC estimate.

  The 3.3 - 3.45 GHz segment is not immediately available for
  reallocation and auction, because more work is needed to accommodate
  the Department of Defense. Under the rules as proposed, amateur
  operations will be permitted to continue in this spectrum until
  sometime in the future, when FCC rulemakings establish new rules and
  conduct a spectrum auction and commercial licensing.

  ARRL Podcasts Schedule

  The latest episode of the On the Air podcast (Episode 9) features a
  discussion on how to tune HF signals and use transceiver tools to
  enhance reception. The On the Air podcast is a monthly companion to On
  the Air magazine, ARRL's magazine for beginner-to-intermediate ham
  radio operators.

  The latest episode of the Eclectic Tech podcast (Episode 16) features a
  chat about the 222 MHz band, with QST's "The World Above 50 MHz"
  columnist Jon Jones, N0JK. Also, Steve Ford, WB8IMY, offers some tips
  on shopping for coaxial cable.

  The On the Air and Eclectic Tech podcasts are sponsored by Icom. Both
  podcasts are available on iTunes (iOS) and Stitcher (Android), as well
  as on Blubrry -- On the Air | Eclectic Tech.
  Analysis Determines We Are in Solar Cycle 25

  It's now official. The solar minimum between Solar Cycles 24 and 25 --
  the period when the sun is least active -- occurred in December 2019,
  when the 13-month smoothed sunspot number fell to 1.8. This is
  according to the Solar Cycle 25 Prediction Panel, co-chaired by the
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric ministration (NOAA) and the National
  Aeronautics and Space ministration (NASA). We are now in Solar Cycle
  25, with peak sunspot activity expected in 2025, the panel said. The
  panel expressed high confidence that Solar Cycle 25 will break the
  trend of weakening solar activity seen over the past four cycles.

  [IMG]"We predict the decline in solar cycle amplitude, seen from Cycles
  21 through 24, has come to an end," said Lisa Upton, panel co-chair and
  solar physicist with Space Systems Research Corporation. "There is no
  indication we are approaching a Maunder-type minimum in solar
  activity."

  At 11 years, Solar Cycle 24 was of average length and had the
  fourth-smallest intensity since regular record-keeping began in 1755,
  with what is considered Solar Cycle 1. It was also the weakest cycle in
  a century. At solar maximum in April 2014, sunspots peaked at 114 for
  the cycle, well below the 179 average.

  Solar Cycle 24's progression was unusual. The sun's northern hemisphere
  led the sunspot cycle, peaking more than 2 years ahead of the southern
  hemisphere sunspot peak. This resulted in fewer sunspots at solar
  maximum than if the two hemispheres were in phase.

  For the past 8 months, activity on the sun has steadily increased,
  indicating that we have transitioned to Solar Cycle 25, forecast to be
  a fairly weak cycle -- about the same as Solar Cycle 24. Solar Cycle 25
  is expected to peak in July 2025, with a predicted 115 sunspots.

  "How quickly solar activity rises is an indicator on how strong the
  solar cycle will be," said Doug Biesecker, the NOAA-NASA panel co-chair
  and a solar physicist at NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC).
  "Although we've seen a steady increase in sunspot activity this year,
  it is slow."

  "While we are not predicting a particularly active Solar Cycle 25,
  violent eruptions from the sun can occur at any time," Biesecker added.

  An artist's rendering of the Space
  Weather Follow-On L-1 observatory.

  Before Solar Cycle 25 peaks in 2024, NOAA is slated to launch a new
  spacecraft dedicated to operational space weather forecasting. The
  Space Weather Follow-On L-1 observatory (SWFO-L1) will be equipped with
  instruments that sample the solar wind, provide imagery of coronal mass
  ejections, and monitor other extreme activity from the sun in finer
  detail than before. NOAA's next Geostationary Operational Environmental
  Satellite (GOES-U) is also scheduled to launch in 2024. GOES-U will
  carry three solar monitoring instruments, including the first compact
  coronagraph, which will help detect coronal mass ejections. Enhanced
  observations of the sun from these satellites will help improve space
  weather forecasting.

  The K7RA Solar Update

  Tad Cook, K7RA, Seattle, reports: As detailed elsewhere in this edition
  of The ARRL Letter (see  Analysis Determines We Are in Solar Cycle 25),
  this week's big news was that scientists have pinned down the Solar
  Cycle 24 minimum to December 2019 -- and the start of Solar Cycle 25.

  The reason behind the delay in announcing this is the nature of moving
  averages, which, in this case, is a smoothed sunspot number derived
  from arithmetical averaging of sunspot numbers over 1 year -- i.e.,
  half the numbers before December, and half after December -- to derive
  a mid-point average.

  Recent news stories, such as this article from SpaceRef, give
  predictions for the next cycle.

  Over the September 10 - 16 reporting week, the average daily solar flux
  was 69.2 -- no significant difference from the previous week. Average
  daily planetary A index was 5.3, up from 4.4 the previous week. Average
  daily mid-latitude A index went from 4.9 to 5.4.

  Predicted solar flux for the next 45 days (September 17 - October 31)
  remains 70, the same as reported in recent bulletins.

  Predicted planetary A index is 5 on September 17 - 22; 8, 10, 15, 10,
  25, 15, and 10 on September 23 - 29; 5 on September 30 - October 14; 8
  on October 15 - 16; 5 on October 17 - 19; then, as earlier, 8, 10, 15,
  10, 25, 15, and 10 on October 20 - 26,and back to 5 on October 27 - 31.

  Sunspot numbers for September 10 - 16 were 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, and 0, for
  a mean of 0. The 10.7-centimeter flux was 69.3, 68.7, 69.3, 69.8, 68.9,
  68.8, and 69.5, with a mean of 69.2. Estimated planetary A indices were
  2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 7, and 3, with a mean of 5.3. Middle latitude A index
  was 2, 2, 6, 7, 10, 8, and 3 with a mean of 5.4.

  A comprehensive K7RA Solar Update is posted Fridays on the ARRL
  website. For more information concerning radio propagation, visit the
  ARRL Technical Information Service, read "What the Numbers Mean...,"
  and check out K9LA's Propagation Page.

  A propagation bulletin archive is available. For customizable
  propagation charts, visit the VOACAP Online for Ham Radio website.

  Share your reports and observations.
  Just Ahead in Radiosport
    * September 19 -- QRP Afield (CW, phone, digital)
    * September 19 -- Wisconsin Parks on the Air (Phone)
    * September 19 -- Feld Hell Sprint
    * September 19 -- VHF FOC QSO Party (CW)
    * September 19 - 20 -- Collegiate QSO Party (CW, phone, digital)
    * September 19 - 20 -- ARRL 10 GHz and Up Contest (CW, phone,
      digital)
    * September 19 - 20 -- SARL VHF/UHF Digital Contest
    * September 19 - 20 -- Scandinavian Activity Contest (CW)
    * September 19 - 20 -- All Africa International DX Contest (CW,
      phone, digital)
    * September 19 - 20 -- Iowa QSO Party (CW, phone, digital)
    * September 19 - 20 -- New Jersey QSO Party (CW, phone, digital)
    * September 19 - 20 -- New Hampshire QSO Party (CW, phone, digital)
    * September 19 - 20 -- Washington State Salmon Run (CW, phone,
      digital)
    * September 20 -- North American Sprint, RTTY
    * September 20 -- BARTG Sprint 75 (Digital)
    * September 20 - 21 -- Run for the Bacon QRP Contest (CW)
    * September 21 -- 144 MHz Fall Sprint (CW, phone, digital)
    * September 23 -- SKCC Sprint (CW)
    * September 24 -- RSGB 80-Meter Autumn Series, Data

  See the ARRL Contest Calendar for more information. For in-depth
  reporting on amateur radio contesting, subscribe to The ARRL Contest
  Update via your ARRL member profile email preferences.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------


  International Telecommunication Union Releases 2020 ITU Radio
  Regulations

  The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has published the 2020
  ITU Radio Regulations -- the international treaty governing the global
  use of RF spectrum and satellite orbits. The publication contains the
  complete texts of the Radio Regulations adopted during World
  Radiocommunication Conference 2019 (WRC-19), held last year in Sharm El
  Sheikh, Egypt. Available in all six of ITU's official languages, the
  2020 ITU Radio Regulations are in effect for all signatory parties on
  January 1, 2021. Electronic versions are free, and the "traditional
  four-volume boxed set," as well as a multilingual DVD, will be
  available for purchase in the coming weeks, the ITU said.

  "The publication of the Radio Regulations is the culmination of the
  hard work and intense deliberations that took place during WRC-19,"
  said ITU Secretary-General Houlin Zhao. "Efficient and economical use
  of the naturally limited radio-frequency spectrum is key to ensuring we
  bring the benefits of connectivity and digital transformation to people
  everywhere. The ITU Radio Regulations are a vital vehicle for this
  endeavor."

  The ITU said that, when it comes to allocating radio frequencies,
  including sharing and harmonizing their use for different purposes, the
  Radio Regulations are the ultimate tool. "They ensure the use of the RF
  spectrum is rational, equitable, efficient, and economical, all while
  aiming to prevent harmful interference between different radio
  services," the ITU said.

  The Radio Regulations govern 40 radiocommunication services, and are
  designed to protect existing radio services while enabling the
  introduction of new and enhanced services.
  Announcements
    * CQ World Wide Contest Director John Dorr, K1AR, has announced some
      rule changes effective with this fall's contests. Multi-Single,
      Multi-Two, and Multi-Multi will be the standard entry category
      names; amplifiers will be included in the 500-meter diameter circle
      of the station location, and logs must be uploaded online.
    * The Fox Mike Hotel Portable Operations Challenge on October 3 - 4
      permits operation as a portable station from backyard, garden, or
      patio, using portable equipment.
    * The FCC has announced that the Anchorage Amateur Radio Club VEC has
      joined the list of authorized Club Station Call Sign ministrators
      (CSCSAs).
    * Radio Amateurs of Canada has announced that it will hold its Annual
      General Meeting (AGM) on Sunday, September 20. It will be a virtual
      event.
    * The Collegiate QSO Party this weekend provides bonus points for
      alumni working their alma maters, or an alumnus/alumna working
      other alumni. Because of COVID-19 restrictions, rules have been
      relaxed to allow a campus radio station to be operated remotely by
      college club members, some entry classes have been changed, and
      scoring has been modified.
    * [IMG]Weatheradio Canada has announced that it's considering
      shutting down 48 of its 230 VHF weather information transmitters
      across the country -- about 20% of the network. The Canadian
      government says most of the sites are in urban areas with ample
      access to other sources of weather information. -- Thanks to The
      SWLing Post


  Ham Radio Exams are Not Going Away in Brazil After All

  Amateur radio examinations are not being eliminated in Brazil. A notice
  that the country's telecommunications regulator ANATEL released
  recently was intended to prompt discussion and elicit comment on the
  idea, but it prompted confusion too. On September 10, ANATEL responded
  to a letter from Brazil's national amateur radio society, LABRE, that
  expressed concern regarding the proposal to scrap amateur radio exams.
  ANATEL told LABRE that no such change is in the works, although the
  regulator did say that some rules and regulations will be revised and
  modernized in due course.

  "With respect to the merit presented in the correspondence, this will
  be analyzed and considered by the technical team of this agency [i.e.,
  ANATEL] in the finalization of the regulatory impact analysis report
  and the respective regulatory proposal, if any," ANATEL told LABRE.

  Henrique Gravina, PU3IKE, contacted ARRL to offer his take on the
  confusion. He said many people have complained to ANATEL over the years
  about amateur exams. When ANATEL considers that a particular issue
  raised represents a problem area, it selects a complaint to use as a
  starting point for discussion. This is akin to a Petition for
  Rulemaking (PRM) that the FCC might "put on notice" to invite comment
  after a suggested change in the rules.

  "Portuguese is a difficult language, even for natives, and it gets
  worse when we speak and write in legal terms and in bureaucratic
  processes that are very complicated," Gravina allowed. "Hams who are
  not law students or lawyers read the [proposal] and did not understand
  what was happening."

  LABRE has said it was satisfied with ANATEL's response and will
  continue to collaborate with the agency to help modernize the
  regulatory framework that governs amateur radio in Brazil. ANATEL said
  it's considering extending the deadline for public comment on the group
  of proposals that included the suggestion to eliminate ham radio exams.

  Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some changes have already come about in
  the form of online exams for two license classes -- A and C. Brazil
  retains a 5 WPM Morse code requirement for the class B license, and
  that has not been made available online. Applicants must have 1 year of
  experience as a class B licensee to sit for the class A exam. The Morse
  code exam can only be taken at an ANATEL agency office, available in
  most Brazilian states. -- Thanks to Henrique Gravina, PU3IKE

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  In Brief...

  The ARRL Board of Directors has named James W. Brown, K9YC, as the
  recipient of the 2019 ARRL Technical Service Award. The Board cited
  Brown's frequent contributions to -- and presentations at -- amateur
  radio forums at conventions including Dayton Hamvention^(R), Pacificon,
  and the International DX and Contesting Convention in Visalia,
  California. Brown, of Santa Cruz, California, has also collaborated
  with the ARRL Lab, contributed to various ARRL publications, including
  The ARRL Handbook, The ARRL Antenna Book, and others, and shared his
  technical and educational expertise in the fields of audio engineering,
  RFI, and other aspects of electronics and engineering. He shares his
  knowledge and expertise with the amateur radio community via his
  informational website. The Board said, "Brown continues to provide his
  expertise as a means of 'giving back' to the amateur community, in the
  spirit of the amateurs that worked with him when he was first licensed
  at the age of 13."

  Former Federal Emergency Management ministration (FEMA) ministrator
  Craig Fugate, KK4INZ, recently encouraged the use of mesh networking.
  He said mesh networking can empower volunteers during natural
  disasters, such as hurricanes and wildfires. Fugate was the keynote
  speaker for the International Wireless Communications Expo's (IWCE)
  virtual event. "By building these types of networks, you can put people
  back into communication and put people to work where they're needed,"
  he said. He encouraged public safety agencies to work with local
  amateur radio groups and commercial providers to create solutions that
  can build these mesh networks when the main network goes down. --
  Thanks to The ARES Letter

  Past New England Division Director Bill Burden, WB1BRE, of Strafford,
  Vermont, died on July 29. An ARRL Life Member, he was 84. Burden served
  as ARRL New England Division Director from 1992 to 1996. Prior to that,
  he was New England Division Vice Director (1991 - 1992) and New
  Hampshire Section Manager (1985 - 1991). He served as the emergency
  management director for the Town of Strafford. A graduate of Lowell
  Tech with a degree in electrical engineering, Burden worked for
  Lockheed-Sanders, retiring in 1991.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  Note: Many conventions and hamfests have been canceled or postponed due
  to the coronavirus pandemic. Check the calendar of canceled events on
  the ARRL website.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

    * November 14 - 15 -- Central Division Convention, Fort Wayne,
      Indiana
    * November 21 -- Alabama State Convention, Montgomery, Alabama
    * December 11 - 12 -- Florida State Convention, Plant City, Florida

  Find conventions and hamfests in your area.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

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