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# 2021-01-27 - The Will To Change by bell hooks | |
A friend recommended this author. Out of all of her books in the | |
local library, this one stood out to me. I have often felt | |
resistance when liberal women friends made posts about redefining | |
masculinity. I can't help but wonder "What qualifies this person to | |
redefine four billion people?" I hoped that i might learn new | |
insights from this book. | |
Prior to reading the book, i listened to the MEN series [1] from | |
Scene On Radio. This series taught me that according to | |
archeological evidence, male domination as we know it began about ten | |
to twelve thousand years ago around the same time as agriculture and | |
war. The significance is that male domination is not inevitable. We | |
have the choice to do something differently, if we will to. I was | |
particularly interested in episode 11: Domination. This episode | |
includes an informative study of sports talk radio, which doesn't | |
only discuss sports, but spends a surprising amount of time | |
discussing and reinforcing gender roles. I personally found it a | |
little encouraging to hear that harmful gender norms are already | |
shifting in prominent, mainstream media. | |
I felt challenged and a little daunted by this book. It is | |
powerfully written and the ideas in it generally ring true for me. | |
Bell hooks refers to many authors and experts. I get the feeling she | |
is eminently qualified to have a say on this subject. She makes a | |
distinction between patriarchal masculinity (our norms) and | |
masculinity itself. She points out that women are just as involved | |
as men in perpetuating patriarchy. So it is only logical that it | |
will require both women and men to resolve the problems of | |
patriarchy. She did NOT write about imposing a new definition of | |
masculinity on unwilling men. Rather, she wrote that women must | |
create guides and signposts, or else risk losing even the men who are | |
willing to change. | |
Below are prominent excerpts and [comments] from the book. | |
# Cover Page | |
In our rapidly changing society we can count on only two things that | |
will never change. What will never change is the will to change and | |
the fear of change. It is the will to change that motivates us to | |
seek help. It is the fear of change that motivates us to resist the | |
very help we seek. --Harriet Lerner, The Dance of Intimacy | |
# Preface: About Men | |
The lack of such writing [by women about men] intensifies my sense | |
that women cannot fully talk about men because we have been so well | |
socialized in patriarchal culture to be silent on the subject of men. | |
But more than silenced, we have been socialized to be the keepers of | |
grave and serious secrets--especially those that could reveal the | |
everyday strategies of male dominance, how male power is enacted and | |
maintained in our private lives. | |
This is the most painful truth of male domination, that men wield | |
patriarchal power in daily life in ways that are awesomely | |
life-threatening, that women and children cower in fear and various | |
states of powerlessness, believing that the only way out of their | |
suffering, their only hope is for men to die, for the patriarchal | |
father not to come home. Women and female and male children, | |
dominated by men, have wanted them dead because they believe that | |
these men are not willing to change. They believe that men who are | |
not dominators will not protect them. They believe that men are | |
hopeless. | |
The Will To Change: Men, Masculinity, and Love is about our need to | |
live in a world where women and men can belong together. | |
# Chapter 1: Wanted: Men Who Love | |
We live in a culture where emotionally starved, deprived females are | |
desperately seeking male love. The place where most men refused to | |
change--believed themselves unable to change--was in their emotional | |
lives. [As children grow up into adults] ... they learn then to | |
settle for whatever positive attention men are able to give. They | |
learn to overrate it. They learn to pretend that it is love. They | |
learn to live the lie. | |
The truth we do not tell is that men are longing for love. The | |
unhappiness of men in relationships... often goes unnoticed in our | |
society precisely because patriarchal culture really does not care if | |
men are unhappy. The reality is that men are hurting and that the | |
whole culture responds to the men by saying, "Please do not tell us | |
what you feel." If we cannot heal what we cannot feel, by supporting | |
patriarchal culture that socializes men to deny feelings, we doom | |
them to live in states of emotional numbness. In female circles men | |
who wanted to change were often labeled narcissistic or needy. | |
There is only one emotion that patriarchy values when expressed by | |
men; that emotion is anger. | |
Only a revolution of values in our nation will end male violence, and | |
that revolution will necessarily be based on a love ethic. To create | |
loving men, we must love males. In an anti-patriarchal culture males | |
do not have to prove their value and worth. They know from birth | |
that simply being gives them value, the right to be cherished and | |
loved. | |
# Chapter 2: Understanding Patriarchy | |
Patriarchy is the single most life-threatening social disease | |
assaulting the male body and spirit in our nation. Yet most men do | |
not use the word "patriarchy" in everyday life. Most men never think | |
about patriarchy--what it means, how it is created and sustained. | |
Nothing discounts the old antifeminist projection of men as | |
all-powerful more than their basic ignorance of a major function of | |
the political system that shapes and informs male identity and sense | |
from birth until death. | |
Patriarchy is a political-social system that insists that males are | |
inherently dominating, superior to everything and everyone deemed | |
weak, especially females, and endowed with the right to dominate and | |
rule over the weak and to maintain that dominance through various | |
forms of psychological terror and violence. | |
We need to highlight the role women play in perpetuating and | |
sustaining patriarchal culture so that we will recognize patriarchy | |
as a system women and men support equally, even if men receive more | |
rewards from that system. Dismantling and changing patriarchal | |
culture is work that men and women must do together. | |
Indeed, radical feminist critique of patriarchy has practically been | |
silenced in our culture. It has become a subcultural discourse | |
available only to well-educated elites. Even in those circles, using | |
the word "patriarchy" is regarded as passé. Often in my lectures | |
when I use the phrase "imperialist white-supremacist capitalist | |
patriarchy" to describe our nation's political system, audiences | |
laugh. No one has ever explained why accurately naming the system is | |
funny. The laughter itself is a weapon of patriarchal terrorism. It | |
functions as a disclaimer discounting the significance of what is | |
being named. It suggests that the words themselves are problematic | |
and not the system they describe. I interpret this laughter as the | |
audiences' way of showing discomfort with being asked to ally | |
themselves with an antipatriarchal disobedient critique. This | |
laughter reminds me that if I dare to challenge patriarchy openly, I | |
risk not being taken seriously. | |
Citizens of this nation fear challenging patriarchy even as they lack | |
overt awareness that they are fearful, so deeply embedded in our | |
collective unconscious are the rules of patriarchy. Until we can | |
collectively acknowledge the damage patriarchy causes and the | |
suffering it creates, we cannot address male pain. If patriarchy | |
were truly rewarding to men, the violence and addiction in family | |
life that is so all-pervasive would not exist. The crisis facing men | |
is not the crisis of masculinity, it is the crisis of patriarchal | |
masculinity. To end male pain, to respond to male crisis, we have to | |
name the problem. We have to both acknowledge that the problem is | |
patriarchy and work to end patriarchy. | |
# Chapter 3: Being a Boy | |
Boys are not seen as lovable in patriarchal culture. Contrary to | |
sexist mythology, in the real world of male and female babies, male | |
babies express themselves more. They cry louder and longer. They | |
come into the world wanting to be seen and heard. ... patriarchal | |
culture influences parents to devalue the emotional development of | |
boys. Naturally this disregard affects boys' capacity to love and be | |
loving. | |
All over the world terrorist regimes use isolation to break people's | |
spirit. This weapon of psychological terrorism is daily deployed in | |
our nation against teenage boys. In isolation they lose the sense of | |
their value and worth. No wonder then that when they reenter a | |
community, they bring with them killing rage as their primary defense. | |
Even though masses of American boys will not commit violent crimes | |
resulting in murder, the truth that no one wants to name is that all | |
boys are being raised to be killers even if they learn to hide the | |
killer within and act as benevolent young patriarchs. (More and more | |
girls who embrace patriarchal thinking also embrace the notion that | |
they must be violent to have power.) Talking to teenage girls of all | |
classes who are being secretly hit or beaten by boyfriends (who say | |
that they are "disciplining" them), one hears the same Dr. Jekyll and | |
Mr. Hyde narratives that grown women tell when talking about their | |
relationships with abusive men. These girls describe seemingly nice | |
guys who have rageful outbursts. Time and time again we hear on our | |
national news about the seemingly kind, quiet young male whose | |
violent underpinnings are suddenly revealed. Boys are encouraged by | |
patriarchal thinking to claim rage as the easiest path to manliness. | |
It should come as no surprise, then, that beneath the surface there | |
is a seething anger in boys, a rage waiting for the moment to be | |
heard. | |
Much of the anger boys express is itself a response to the demand | |
that they not show any other emotions. Anger feels better than | |
numbness because it often leads to more instrumental action. Anger | |
can be, and usually is, the hiding place for fear and pain. | |
Literature for children is just as fixated on furthering patriarchal | |
attributes as TV. Shopping for books for my nephew first alerted me | |
to the absence of progressive literature for boys. The books I have | |
written are aimed at offering boys ways to cope with their emotional | |
selves. The point is to stimulate in boys emotional awareness and to | |
affirm that awareness. | |
# Chapter 4: Stopping Male Violence | |
Every day in America men are violent. Every day in our nation there | |
are men who turn away from violence. As women have gained the right | |
to be patriarchal men in drag, women are engaging in acts of violence | |
similar to their male counterparts. This serves to remind us that | |
the will to use violence is really not linked to biology but to a set | |
of expectations about the nature of power in a dominator culture. | |
Much of the Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde behavior women describe in men | |
who are alternately caring, then abusive has its root in this | |
fundamental allegiance to patriarchal thinking. Indoctrination into | |
the mindset begun into childhood includes a psychological initiation | |
that requires boys to accept that their willingness to do violent | |
acts makes them patriarchal men. A distinction can and must be made | |
between the willingness to do violent acts and actually doing them. | |
When researchers looking at date rape interviewed a range of college | |
men and found that many of them saw nothing wrong with forcing a | |
woman sexually, they were astounded. Their findings seemed to | |
challenge the previously accepted notion that raping was aberrant | |
male behavior. While it may be unlikely that any of the men in this | |
study were or became rapists, it was evident that given what they | |
conceived as the appropriate circumstance, they could see themselves | |
being sexually violent. Unconsciously they engage in patriarchal | |
thinking, which condones rape even though they may never enact it. | |
The perpetuation of male violence through the teaching of a dominator | |
model of relationships comes to boy children through both women and | |
men. In patriarchal culture women are as violent as men toward | |
groups that they have power over and can dominate freely; usually | |
that group is children or weaker females. | |
Ever since I started writing about love, I have defined it in a way | |
that blends M. Scott Peck's notion of love as the will to nurture | |
one's own and another's spiritual and emotional growth, with Eric | |
Fromm's insight that love is action and not solely feeling. Working | |
with men who wanted to know love, I have advised them to think of it | |
as a combination of care, commitment, knowledge, responsibility, | |
respect, and trust. | |
The first act of violence that patriarchy demands of males is not | |
violence toward women. Instead patriarchy demands of all males that | |
they engage in acts of psychic self-mutilation, that they kill off | |
the emotional parts of themselves. If an individual is not | |
successful in emotional crippling himself, he can count on | |
patriarchal men to enact rituals of power that will assault his | |
self-esteem. ... Women demanded of men that they give more | |
emotionally, but most men really could not understand what was being | |
asked of them. ... They simply could not give more emotionally or | |
even grasp the problem without first reconnecting, reuniting the | |
severed parts. | |
Emotionally self-mutilated, disconnected, many men make overtures of | |
emotional connection only to later undermine them with emotional | |
abuse. They simply do not get that love and abuse cannot go | |
together. ... Teaching men to understand that women and children do | |
not feel loved when they are being abused, is one of the primary | |
goals of groups that work to end male violence. "You should not have | |
to tolerate any abuse to be loved." Women who stay in long-term | |
relationships with men who are emotionally abusive or violent usually | |
end up closing the door to their hearts. They stop working to create | |
love. Men who win in patriarchal terms end up losing in terms of | |
their substantive quality of life. | |
# Chapter 5: Male Sexual Being | |
Most men and women are not having satisfying and fulfilling sex. | |
When I first began to write books on love, to talk to lone | |
individuals and then large audiences about the subject, I realized | |
that it was practically impossible to have serious discussion about | |
love--that discussions of love, especially public conversations, are | |
taboo in our society. Yet everyone talks about sex. Most folks | |
believe we are hardwired biologically to long for sex but they do not | |
believe we are hardwired to long for love. | |
Children today learn more about sex from mass media than from any | |
other source. Yet much of what they are learning about sexuality | |
conforms to outmoded patriarchal scripts... Adults may know better, | |
from their own experience, but children become true believers. They | |
think that men will go mad if they cannot act sexually. This is the | |
logic that produces what feminists thinkers call "a rape culture." | |
Hence the underlying message boys receive about sexual acts is that | |
they [the boys] will be destroyed if they are not in control, | |
exercising power. [Isn't it true that uncontrolled sexuality | |
violates consent, which can destroy a person's social capital?] | |
Sex, then, becomes for most men a way of self-solacing. It is not | |
about being connected to someone else but rather about releasing | |
their own pain. Patriarchal men have no outlet to express their | |
pain, so they simply seek release. | |
Patriarchal violence is a mental illness. That this illness is given | |
its most disordered expression in the sexual lives of men is powerful | |
because it makes it hard to document since we do not witness what men | |
do sexually like we witness what they do at work or in civic life. | |
Male despair, often initially expressed as anger, is a far greater | |
threat to the patriarchal sexual order than feminist movement. | |
# Chapter 6: Work: What's Love Got To Do With It? | |
Before the feminist movement boys were more likely to be taught, at | |
home and at school, that they would find fulfillment in work. Today | |
boys hear a slightly different message. They are told that money | |
offers fulfillment and that work is a way to acquire money... | |
Nowadays working men of all classes experience periods of | |
unemployment. In order to keep the faith, patriarchal culture has | |
had to offer men different criteria for judging their worth than work. | |
As a primary foundation of patriarchal self-esteem, work has not | |
worked for masses of men for some time. Most male workers in our | |
America, like their female counterparts, work in exploitative | |
circles; the work they do and the way they are treated by their | |
superiors more often than not undermines self-esteem. | |
The conflict between finding time for work and finding time for love | |
and loved ones is rarely talked about in our nation. [I thought it | |
was often referenced as work-life balance.] | |
Many men use work as the place where they can flee from the self, | |
from emotional awareness, where they can lose themselves and operate | |
from a space of emotional numbness. | |
The success of Alcoholics Anonymous is tied to the fact that the | |
practice of recovery takes place in the context of a community, one | |
in which shame about failure can be expressed and male longing for | |
healing validated. | |
# Chapter 7: Feminist Manhood | |
... most men have not consciously chosen patriarchy as the ideology | |
they want to govern their lives. | |
Truthfully, there was a serious antimale faction in contemporary | |
feminist movement. It was difficult for women committed to feminist | |
change to face the reality that the problem did not lie just with men. | |
Once the "new man" that is the man changed by feminism was | |
represented as a wimp, as overcooked broccoli dominated by powerful | |
females who were secretly longing for his male counterpart, masses of | |
men lost interest. Reacting to this inversion of gender roles, men | |
who were sympathetic chose to stop trying to play a role in | |
female-led feminist movement. Positively, the men's movement | |
emphasizes the need for men to get in touch with their feelings, to | |
talk with other men. Negatively, the men's movement continues to | |
promote patriarchy by a tacit insistence that in order to be fully | |
self-actualized, men needed to separate from women. The idea that | |
men needed to separate from women to find their true selves just | |
seemed like the old patriarchal message dressed up in a new package. | |
Clearly, men need new models for self-assertion that do not require | |
the construction of an enemy "other," be it a woman or the symbolic | |
feminine, for them to define themselves against. Starting in early | |
childhood, males need models of men with integrity, that is, men who | |
are whole, who are not divided against themselves. | |
Our work of love should be to reclaim masculinity and not allow it to | |
be held hostage to patriarchal domination. There is a creative, | |
life-sustaining, life-enhancing place for the masculine in a | |
non-dominator culture. | |
Dominator culture teaches all of us that the core of our identity is | |
defined by the will to dominate and control others. When culture is | |
based on a dominator model, not only will it be violent but it will | |
frame all relationships as power struggles. | |
To offer men a different way of being, we must first replace the | |
dominator model with a partnership model that sees interbeing and | |
interdependence as the organic relationship of all living beings. In | |
a partnership model male identity, like its female counterpart, would | |
be centered around the notion of an essential goodness that is | |
inherently relationally oriented. Rather than assuming males are | |
born with the will to aggress, the culture would assume that males | |
are born with the will to connect. | |
Rather than define strength as "power over," feminist masculinity | |
defines strength as one's capability to be responsible for self and | |
others. The core of feminist masculinity is a commitment to gender | |
equality and mutuality as crucial to interbeing and partnership in | |
the creating and sustaining of life. Such a commitment always | |
privileges nonviolent action over violence, peace over war, life over | |
death. | |
A Masai wise man, when asked by Terrence Real to name the traits of a | |
good warrior, replied, "I refuse to tell you what makes a good morani | |
[warrior]. But I will tell you what makes a great morani. When the | |
moment calls for fierceness, a good morani is very ferocious. And | |
when the moment calls for kindness, a good morani is utterly tender. | |
Now, what makes a great morani is knowing which moment is which." | |
Men who are able to be whole undivided selves can practice the | |
emotional discernment beautifully described by the Masai wise man | |
precisely because they are able to relate and respond rather than | |
simply react. Patriarchal masculinity confines men to various stages | |
of reaction and overreaction. Feminist masculinity does not | |
reproduce the notion that maleness has this reactionary, wild, | |
uncontrolled component; instead it assures men and those of us who | |
care about men that we need not fear male loss of control. | |
This fear of maleness that they inspire estranges men from every | |
female in their lives to greater or lesser degrees, and men feel the | |
loss. Ultimately, one of the emotional costs of allegiance to | |
patriarchy is to be seen as unworthy of trust. If women and girls in | |
patriarchal culture are taught to see every male, including the males | |
with whom we are intimate, as potential rapists and murderers, then | |
we cannot offer them our trust, and without trust there is no love. | |
Patriarchal masculinity insists that real men must prove their | |
manhood by idealizing aloneness and disconnection. Feminist | |
masculinity tells men that they become more real through the act of | |
connecting with others, through building community. | |
Feminism as a movement to end sexist domination and oppression offers | |
us all the way out of patriarchal culture. Feminist theorists argued | |
from the onset of the movement that were men to participate in | |
parenting in a primary way, they would be changed. They would | |
develop the relational skills often seen as innate in women. | |
# Chapter 8: Popular Culture: Media Masculinity | |
In the world of television, shows directed at children never stopped | |
their sexist myth making. One of the most popular children's shows | |
with a subtext about masculinity was The Incredible Hulk. A favorite | |
of boys from diverse class and racial backgrounds, this show was | |
instrumental in teaching the notion that for a male, the exertion of | |
physical force (brutal and monstrous) was a viable response to all | |
situations of crisis. When a sociologist asked young male viewers | |
what they would do if they had the power of the hulk, they [many of | |
them] said that they would smash their mommies. | |
The Incredible Hulk linked sexism and racism. The cool, | |
level-headed, rational white-male scientist turned into a colored | |
beast whenever his passions were aroused. | |
One of the ways patriarchal white males used mass media to wage the | |
war against feminism was to consistently portray the violent | |
woman-hating man as aberrant and abnormal. In a real world where | |
more than ninety percent of violent crimes are committed by men, it | |
is not surprising that popular culture offers both negative and | |
positive models of the masculine. Woman-hating dominator men are | |
consistently depicted as loners, who may have been abused as | |
children, and who were not able to adjust in normal society. | |
Ironically, these "bad" men share the same character traits as the | |
"good" men who hunt them down and slaughter them. In both cases the | |
men dissimulate (take on the various appearances and disguises to | |
manipulate others' perception of their identity), and they lack the | |
ability to connect emotionally with others. | |
Contemporary books and movies offer clear portraits of the evils of | |
patriarchy without offering any direction for change. Ultimately | |
they send the message that male survival demands holding onto some | |
vestige of patriarchy. | |
Until we can create a popular culture that affirms and celebrates | |
masculinity without upholding patriarchy, we will never see a change | |
in the way that masses of men think about the nature of their | |
identity. | |
# Chapter 9: Healing Male Spirit | |
Men cannot speak their pain in patriarchal culture. Much of the | |
anger men direct at mothers is a response to the maternal failure to | |
protect the spirit of the boy from patriarchal harm. Boys feel the | |
pain. And they have no place to lay it down; they carry it within. | |
They take it to the place where it is converted into rage. | |
Learning to dissimulate, men learn to cover up their rage, their | |
sense of powerlessness. Yet when men learn to create a false self as | |
a way to maintain male dominance, they have no sound basis on which | |
to build healthy self-esteem. To always wear a mask as a way of | |
asserting masculine presence is to always live the lie, to be | |
perpetually deprived of an authentic sense of identity and | |
well-being. This falseness causes men to experience intense | |
emotional pain. | |
As advocates of feminism who seek to end sexism and sexist | |
oppression, we must be willing to hear men speak their pain. Only | |
when we courageously face male pain without turning away will we | |
model for men the emotional awareness healing requires. | |
To heal, men must learn to feel again. They must learn to break the | |
silence, to speak the pain. Often men, to speak the pain, first turn | |
to the women in their lives and are refused a hearing. | |
Being "vulnerable" is an emotional state many men seek to avoid. | |
Some men spend a lifetime in a state of avoidance and therefore never | |
experience intimacy. | |
Before most men can be intimate with others, they have to be intimate | |
with themselves. They have to learn to feel and be aware of their | |
feelings. Men who mask feelings or suppress them simply do not want | |
to feel the pain. Since emotional pain is the feeling that most | |
males have covered up, numbed out, or closed off, the journey back to | |
feeling is frequently through the portal of suffering. Much male | |
rage covers up this place of suffering: this is the well-kept secret. | |
Often when a female gets close to male pain, penetrating the male | |
mask to see the emotional vulnerability beneath, she becomes a target | |
for the rage. | |
It cannot be a mere accident of fate that the visionary male teachers | |
who are offering us messages about ways to care for the soul that | |
will enhance life on this planet are men of color from poor | |
countries, men who live in exile, men who have been victimized by | |
imperialist male violence. | |
# Chapter 10: Reclaiming Male Integrity | |
Healing the crisis in the hearts of men requires of us all a | |
willingness to face the fact that patriarchal culture has required of | |
men that they be divided souls. The quest for integrity is the | |
heroic journey that can heal the masculinity crisis and prepare the | |
hearts of men to give and receive love. | |
Anyone who has a false self must be dishonest. [All of us are | |
complex, multi-layered beings. None of us are pure, true selves who | |
are perfectly one thing or another.] | |
Patriarchy encourages men to surrender their integrity and to live | |
lives of denial. By learning the arts of compartmentalization, | |
dissimulation, and disassociation, men are able to see themselves as | |
acting with integrity in cases where they are not. | |
One of the reasons the church has been so important in the lives of | |
black men is that it is one of the locations where they are allowed | |
to express emotions, where they can grieve. | |
To grow psychically and spiritually, men need to mourn. The men who | |
are doing the work of self-recovery testify that it is only when they | |
are able to feel the pain that they can begin to heal. When a man's | |
emotional capacity to mourn is arrested, he is likely to be frozen in | |
time and unable to complete the process of growing up. Men need to | |
mourn the old self and create space for a new self to be born if they | |
are to change and be wholly transformed. | |
When men practice integrity, they accept that part of the work of | |
wholeness is learning to be flexible, learning how to negotiate, how | |
to embrace change in thought and action. The ability to critique | |
oneself and change and to hear critique from others is the condition | |
of being that makes us capable of responsibility. | |
To be able to respond to family and friends, men have to have | |
practice assuming responsibility. When men are able to do little | |
acts of mercy, they can be in communion with others without the need | |
to dominate. | |
# Chapter 11: Loving Men | |
... if men were natural-born killers, hardwired by biology and | |
destiny to take life, then there would be no need for patriarchal | |
socialization to turn them into killers. The warrior's way wounds | |
boys and men; it has been the arrow shot through the heart of their | |
humanity. The warrior's way has led men in the direction of an | |
impoverishment of spirit so profound that it threatens all life on | |
planet Earth. | |
In dominator cultures most families are not safe places. To create | |
the culture that will enable boys to love, we must see the family as | |
having as its primary function the giving of love (providing food and | |
shelter are loving acts). | |
To make this solid foundation [so that boys can grow up able to | |
love], men must set the example by daring to heal, by daring to do | |
the work of relational recovery. Men are on the path to love when | |
they choose to become emotionally aware. | |
In a world where gender inequality is for most people an accepted | |
norm, men withhold from women their respect. The root of the word | |
"respect" means "to look at." Women want to be recognized, seen, and | |
cared about by the men in our lives. | |
Patriarchy has sought to repress and tame erotic passion precisely | |
because of its power to draw us into greater and greater communion | |
with ourselves, and with those we know most intimately, and with the | |
stranger. | |
The work of male relational recovery, of reconnection, of forming | |
intimacy and making community can never be done alone. In a world | |
where boys and men are daily losing their way we must create guides, | |
signposts, new paths. A culture of healing that empowers males to | |
change is in the making. | |
References: | |
[1] | |
MEN, a series of radio programs about men | |
Book information: | |
author: hooks, bell, 1952-2021 | |
detail: gopher://gopherpedia.com/0/Bell_hooks | |
LOC: HQ1090 .H65 | |
tags: book,gender,non-fiction,philosophy | |
title: The Will To Change | |
# Tags | |
book | |
gender | |
non-fiction | |
philosophy |