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# 2018-02-05 - The Lost Language Of Plants by Stephen Harrod Buhner | |
Book cover | |
This book covers a lot of ground including new age spirituality and | |
science. While i did not agree with all of the ideas, i enjoyed the | |
thoughts provoked by reading them. It pushed me to consider more | |
about our relationship with plants. Below are excerpts, with | |
comments enclosed in square brackets. | |
# Chapter 3 | |
> In consequence, language literally shapes personal experience of | |
> reality.. | |
I began to notice that as i shifted from thinking in English to | |
thinking in mathematics certain things would come into focus, could | |
be seen, and others went out of focus, could not be seen. I was | |
taking on and internalizing, as my studies progressed, the | |
assumptions embedded within mathematics. That process of | |
internalization had specific and immediate effects. My psychology | |
changed, my personality changed, the range of emotional behavior | |
available to me shifted, and how i interpreted other peoples' | |
behaviors and thoughts shifted. Mathematical language, like all | |
language, shifts personal experience of reality. Behavior shifts in | |
response. ... | |
The experiences encoded in mathematics, however, are different from | |
those in other human languages. When thinking in mathematics human | |
bodies, emotions, and interpersonal relationships take on less and | |
less importance while the Universe as an expression of number | |
relationship takes on more and more. There are ecstatic moments of | |
insight and understanding, of course, but life, human or otherwise, | |
has no linguistic place in the language of mathematics. | |
The many, usually unexamined, assumptions woven into the fabric of | |
mathematics--that numbers exist, that they possess meaning, that the | |
language of number is important, that it is neutral and objective, | |
that all things can be described in mathematical terms, that it is | |
more real than other less precise languages--shape what | |
mathematicians can "see" when they think in mathematical language. It | |
is not a language that can express or see the organic process of | |
life, human or otherwise--no birthing or child rearing, or love or | |
need, no caring or bonding. A person thinking in mathematics cannot | |
perceive the thing that passes between a puppy and a human being. It | |
simply does not exist unless one shifts out of mathematics into | |
another language. I realized, as time went by, that any language i | |
used would shape my experience of the world around me. | |
This realization took on much more importance to me than that of | |
numbers or number theory. ... | |
Later i came across the work of the mathematician Kurt Goedel. Asked | |
to examine mathematics and refine the principles upon which it is | |
based he determined that they could not be refined, that they are | |
unprovable assumptions. And though mathematics follows logically from | |
the underlying principles (and everything works nicely if you accept | |
those principles are true), they cannot themselves be refined... | |
unless you stand outside of the system itself. You cannot use the | |
tools of a system to refine the system whose tools you are using. ... | |
The implications of Godel's Incompleteness Theorem and Heisenberg's | |
Uncertainty Principle are routinely ignored in most of the sciences. | |
Specifically: the assumptions (mental perspectives) of the observer | |
change what is being observed; scientific systems such as mathematics | |
are based on unprovable, often unrefinable, assumptions; and to | |
understand the limits of a system and refine its underlying | |
assumptions it is necessary to stand outside of it, to literally be | |
in a different system." | |
# Chapter 4 | |
Because the experience of nature and other life-forms is so deeply | |
interwoven into our emergence as a species, human beings possess a | |
genetic predisposition for wild nature and for other | |
life-forms--though it must, through specific experiences, be | |
activated. Edward Wilson calls this innate feeling or caring for | |
living forms and systems, for nature, biophilia. See also | |
endosymbiosis. | |
Wilson's description of the nature of biophilia recognizes that it is | |
primarily an emotional affiliation with other life, not a mental | |
process of recognizing the connections between bits of mechanical | |
parts of the Universe that happen to inhabit a ball of rock in space. | |
We are, by species history and genetic tendency, encoded for | |
recognition of the aliveness of the world and an emotional bonding | |
with it. | |
* * * | |
> If you kill off the prairie dogs there will be no one to cry for | |
> rain. --Navajo warning | |
Amused scientists, knowing that there was no conceivable relationship | |
between prairie dogs and rain, recommended the extermination of all | |
burrowing animals in some desert areas planted to rangelands in the | |
1950's "in order to protect the sparse desert grasses. Today the area | |
(not far from Chilchinbito, Arizona) has become a virtual wasteland." | |
--Bill Mollison, Permaculture | |
> Water under the ground has much to do with rain clouds. If you | |
> take the water from under the ground, the land will dry up. --Hopi | |
> elder | |
Burrowing creatures, such as prairie dogs, open millions upon | |
millions of tubes in the soils of Earth. As Mollison notes, these | |
"burrows of spiders, gophers, and worms are to the soil what the | |
aveoli of our lungs are to our body." As the moon passes overhead the | |
underground aquifers rise and fall and Earth breathes out | |
moisture-laden air. This exhalation of negative-ion-charged air | |
through the many fissures and tubes opened by the burrowing creatures | |
helps create rain. | |
How could the indigenous peoples have known this? By all our | |
standards of scientific knowledge they could not. We have neglected | |
to realize that indigenous peoples have always had access to the | |
finest probe ever conceived, one that makes scientific instruments | |
coarse in comparison, one that all human beings in all places and | |
times have had access to: the focused power of human consciousness. | |
The continual immersion in nature where the bonding process is | |
supported and encouraged allows it to deepen into biognosis--direct, | |
depth knowledge of nature that cannot be reduced to the assembly of a | |
collection of bits of accumulated information. | |
It is worth noting that [environmental devastation] is not the work | |
of ignorant people. Rather, it is largely the work by people with | |
BAs, BSs, LLBs, MBAs, and PHDs. Elie Wiesel once made the same point, | |
noting that the designers and perpetrators of Auschwitz, Dachau, and | |
Buchenwald--the Holocaust--were the heirs of Kant and Goethe, widely | |
thought to be the best educated people on earth. But their education | |
did not serve as an adequate barrier to barbarity. What was wrong | |
with their education? In Wiesel's words, "It emphasizes theories | |
instead of values, concepts rather than human beings, abstraction | |
rather than consciousness, answers rather than questions, ideology | |
and efficiency rather than conscience." | |
... It is a matter of no small consequence that the only people | |
who have lived sustainably on the planet for any length of time | |
could not read, or like the Amish do not make a fetish of reading. | |
--David Orr, Earth In Mind | |
> A lot of what matters is the power and feeling of the | |
> experience.. But when you put something in a museum, or even on | |
> TV, you can see it all right, but you're really looking only at the | |
> shell. --Barbara Smith, Navaho educator (in Nabhan and St. Antonio) | |
The neurons and nerve cells, axons and dendrites in our brains | |
contain the same microtubules that make up the bodies of spirochetes, | |
or wriggling bacteria. | |
[Ben's note, this brings to mind naegleriasis. Naegleria Fowleri | |
normally feed on bacteria, but they will also consume human brain | |
cells. Naegleriasis cannot be contracted via ingestion nor skin | |
contact. The amoeba must enter through the nasal passages where the | |
neurotransmitter acetylcholine stimulates them to follow the | |
olfactory nerve into the brain.] | |
# Chapter 6 | |
In 1942, 50,000 U.S. servicemen developed acute hepatitis B from a | |
contaminated yellow fever vaccine they were given three months | |
earlier. And it is now known that the tremendously high incidence of | |
hepatitis C infection in Egypt came from physicians and health care | |
workers using insufficiently sterilized needles during inoculations | |
for a parasitic disease (schistosomiasis). ... And on a larger scale, | |
the polio vaccine administered to 98 million Americans between 1955 | |
and 1963 is now known to have been contaminated with a simian virus, | |
SV40. It is estimated that at least 30 million Americans were | |
infected as a result. Monkey cells, contaminated with a virus not | |
detectable at the time, were used in the production of the vaccine. | |
There is growing evidence that SV40 plays a role in the development | |
of a number of diseases, including some rare cancers. | |
Bacteria are not germs but the germinators--and fabric--of all life | |
on earth. In declaring war on them we declared war on the underlying | |
living structure of the planet--on all life-forms we can see--on | |
ourselves. | |
Clearly, the assumptions embedded in the germ theory of disease | |
carried hidden impacts. Accepting that theory as truth has led to | |
behaviors--industrial, social, and environments--that are now being | |
recognized as having serious long-term impacts. | |
There is emerging evidence as well that human beings are supposed to | |
have one or more species of intestinal worms that coevolved with us | |
living in our GI tracts. People in developing countries who usually | |
have these parasites rarely develop inflammatory bowel diseases. | |
Researchers have found that the worms engage in an intricate | |
modulation of the bodys' immune system that positively affects bowel | |
health. When Americans were given the worms by a physician, a | |
majority of those suffering inflammatory bowel diseases experienced | |
complete remission of the disease. | |
The kinds of healing that have been generated out of a | |
universe-as-machine model are showing the same negative and | |
long-lasting environmental impacts that are being found with other | |
reductionist technologies. Modern scientists and medical | |
practitioners, by assuming that the other life-forms of Earth are not | |
intelligent and that Earth and its life-forms can be viewed as a | |
collection of unrelated parts, have initiated catastrophic changes | |
throughout the living, holistic, life-form that is our planet... | |
Failing to understand bacteria as our kin, the loss of biophilia in | |
just this one area, has initiated responses from living organisms | |
that conventional medical epistemology insisted were impossible. | |
This profound error has not created a disease-free life with the | |
major cause of death extreme old age, but an ecosystem in disarray | |
and pathogenic bacteria more virulent and powerful than ever before. | |
# Chapter 7 | |
Basically, the little that people currently know about plant | |
chemistry is not very much. This ignorance is magnified by our | |
tendency (because of our upbringing) to think of plants as insentient | |
salads or building materials engaged in chemical production processes | |
that just happened by accident and, in consequence, have no purpose | |
or meaning. Phytoexistentialism. | |
To keep their airways moist, plants transpire: they take up, or | |
hydraulically lift, water from deep in the ground and breathe it out | |
when they exhale. On a hot summer day, a mature cottonwood tree can | |
breathe out 100 gallons of water an hour. It is so much cooler under | |
a tree or in a forest not so much from the shade cast by the trees' | |
leaves, but from the incredible amounts of moisture that the trees | |
are exhaling. Forests breathe out so much water vapor that from | |
space it is actually possible to see the rain forest creating the | |
clouds that precipitate later as rain. Forests help cool Earth by | |
keeping the air moist, by making clouds, by making rain. | |
Hydraulic lifting goes on 24 hours a day. At night, when their | |
stomata are closed, the trees, and all deep-rooted plants, deposit | |
the water they are bring up just under the surface of the soil. Some | |
they will use for transpiration the next day but about two-thirds is | |
used by the neighboring plants as their primary water supply. Trees | |
literally water their community. Whenever forests are | |
removed--sometimes only half a forest has to be cut--the air and soil | |
begin to dry up, rain becomes scarce, fires are more common, and the | |
land starts to become a desert. | |
# Chapter 8 | |
There is a King's holly in Tasmania that is 43,000 years old, a | |
creosote bush in the American Southwest that is 18,000 years old, a | |
box-huckleberry up north over 13,000... Judging the actions of these | |
plants, their functions in ecosystems, and their chemistries through | |
the timescale of a human life often misses what can only happen in | |
decades, centuries, or millenia. | |
Conventional Western epistemologies limit conception of what plants | |
can do, and short human attention spans interfere with being able to | |
see plant functions that exist over extremely long cycles and large | |
systems. Most ecological field studies contribute to the problem: | |
They are generally less than three years in length and 95 percent of | |
them occur on plots less than 2.5 acres in size--half of them occur | |
in a 9-square-foot area or smaller. Few of the researchers have a | |
personal long-term relationship with the area they are studying. | |
Such difficulties of scale and time are compounded in a number of | |
ways. One is the language we use to name plants, the Latin binomials | |
by which they are classified. | |
... Conventional scientific plant naming creates and sustains the | |
illusion that plants such as osha exist in isolation from the | |
animals, plants, people, and landscapes among whom and in which | |
they grow, that no connections exist between them any anything | |
else. Like all language, botanical language shapes how the world | |
is perceived and the unexamined assumptions that are embedded | |
within it are reinforced the more it is used. | |
[The author discusses ironwood as a fascinating example of a keystone | |
species, then goes on to explain the importance of keystone species, | |
biodiversity, and genetic fluidity.] | |
For example, during spruce budworm infestations, spruce forests | |
always contain trees that _do not_ produce alterations in terpene | |
chemistry. Researchers examining the trees have found that they | |
_can_ increase their production, they simply do not. In other words, | |
these are not "weaker" trees that are simply succumbing to a | |
Darwinian survival-of-the-fittest dynamic, but strongly healthy trees | |
that are intentionally _not_ increasing chemistry production. The | |
long-range benefits of this are clear: By not raising antifeedant | |
actions in all the trees, the forest makes sure that resistance does | |
not develop in spruce budworms as it does in crop insects exposed to | |
pesticides. Plant communities literally set aside plants for the | |
insects to consume so as to not force genetic rearrangement and the | |
development of resistance. | |
Insects such as the spruce budworm are essential parts of plant | |
communities, they are not simply meaningless pests that arose in a | |
vacuum and are trying to wipe out all spruce trees in a voracious | |
desire to breed and feed. Plants maintain neighborhood, community, | |
and ecosystem health, including insect and animal population density | |
and health, through their biofeedback mechanisms. | |
"Scientists have changed our foods. Take the USDA for example, they | |
have bred out most of the cancer-preventing compounds in soy. So an | |
average primitive soybean will prevent more cancer than a USDA | |
soybean. This is because we Americans tend to go for bland foods and | |
the primitive soybean has a more bitter taste, so the USDA bred out | |
five different chemicals in soy, and bragged about it. They bragged | |
about lowering the phytate content, the bowman-burk inhibitor | |
content, and the protease inhibitors, the very things that prevent | |
cancer. They bragged about breeding out or lowering the estrogenic | |
isoflavones, which is what soy is getting all the press about these | |
days. They bragged about lowering the levels of sponins and | |
phytosterols. Yet, all of these have been shown to prevent cancer... | |
And this happens across the board. Food processors and food | |
scientists are making our food less preventative--not only of cancer | |
but also of cardiopathy." --John Duke, Herbal Voices Interview with | |
Jim Duke | |
# Chapter 10 | |
> It is not half so important to know as to feel. --Rachel Carson | |
Scientists have discovered that plant species may possess widely | |
different chemistries depending on the time of day, week, or month | |
they are picked. And though the physicians laughed at them, the | |
Appalachian folk healers would have understood and been unsurprised. | |
For among them it was common knowledge that this plant must only be | |
picked in the morning before the dew is off the leaves, or that one | |
only by the light of the full moon. | |
... The solution is reconnection to the natural world and the | |
living intelligence of the land. | |
Many people believe we should first establish this reconnection in | |
the young. But i think the best hope for restoring biognosis is with | |
the grown--those in whom the impulse for biophilia has been stunted, | |
those in whom the interior wound is deep, those in whom the need is | |
the greatest. Though children express biophilia most naturally and | |
it awakens most easily in them, industrial society has a deep and | |
vested interest in its dominant epistemological perspective. It will | |
not look kindly on any effort to alter it in those future employees | |
who are being trained to carry it on. | |
The restoration of our capacity for biophilia begins with restoring, | |
and supporting, our capacity for feeling. And not just feeling in | |
the grossest sense--feelings of anger or sadness or joy or fear--but | |
the subtle feelings it is possible for us to perceive, if we desire | |
to, in everything around us. | |
We are born with a sophisticated capacity for detecting emotional | |
nuances in the world around us. ... Restoring biophilia means | |
exploring these nuances. It means "coming to our senses," especially | |
the sense of feeling--of touch--of being touched by the world. ... | |
The experience cannot be written down nor found in books. It can | |
only be developed by opening up to the sophisticated capacity for | |
feelings that we possess, by allowing ourselves to be touched by the | |
livingness in the world, and exploring the meanings we encounter. | |
[The author then proceeds to describe a series of exercises to | |
reconnect and tune into ones feelings in order to access previously | |
suppressed information. You can read these exercises in the | |
following linked post. | |
* Techniques For Restoring Biophilia | |
] | |
# Chapter 11 | |
Thinking will never restore caring. No matter how elegant the | |
theory, the territory must still be entered and experienced. It is | |
deeply ironic that one of the most powerful antibiotics Alexander | |
Fleming ever discovered is in human tears. | |
"In true scientific fashion, let's look to the lab rat for | |
understanding. Instead of the variable warmth and textured surface | |
of a wild home nest, it has a constant temperature and a stiff, | |
unyielding cage floor. Instead of a variety of smells changing | |
according to the time of day, weather, and season, it has the | |
chemical scents of a laboratory. Instead of the kinesthetic | |
experience of a social animal that lives in intimate physical contact | |
with other members of its family, it is often placed in isolation. | |
"Lab chow," hard, dry, and lacking in multiple chemistries, replaces | |
the complex foods of various textures, moisture levels, and content | |
that it would eat in the wild. And what about the absence of wind, | |
rain, and full-spectrum light? Suddenly the "truth" of objective | |
scientific data becomes curiously distorted." | |
"Inspiration is like a wheel. One person, if inspired and determined | |
to learn all they can and let it radiate, will inspire another. The | |
wheel of inspiration, like that of destruction, has begun its | |
downhill roll, and is gaining momentum. | |
Inspiration can start a chain reaction when the elements of the | |
moment are just right. Inspiration is a force that often comes from | |
some unconscious source, flowing into the conscious mind of a human | |
and creating new ideas and ways of being." | |
"A phenomenon evolves when someone is healed by a plant. A | |
connection begins and usually develops into deep respect and caring | |
for that plant. When wandering through the forest, if one comes | |
across one of these plant allies, one instantly feels the connection. | |
A bond evolves between plant and person, a love grows, and it is | |
shown by the enthusiasm expressed when seeing it in flower. This is | |
how plants can weave us back into the web of life. Then once again | |
we know our place. Once again are home. Not only are our bodies | |
healed but our spirits as well." | |
"I spent two years living in what i now call 'a state of grace,' but | |
which my parents called 'out of her mind.' I found little cabins in | |
the woods, lean-tos with moss-covered beds. I stretched the levels | |
of my comfort, walked barefoot through three seasons, and learned to | |
receive nourishment on every level from the surrounding wilderness. | |
I would lay on the ground, face close to the tip of a fir, and let | |
the drops of water slowly filtering through the tree nourish me. I | |
ate nothing but what i gathered: fungi, berries, lichen, and fresh | |
greens. I became what i ate. I was happy." | |
author: Buhner, Stephen Harrod | |
LOC: RS164 .B785 | |
tags: book,non-fiction,outdoor,spirit | |
title: The Lost Language Of Plants | |
# Tags | |
book | |
non-fiction | |
outdoor | |
spirit |