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Optimization the Spray-Drying Process of Moldavian Balm Plant Extra...
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Introduction
Dracocephalum moldavica L. is
an annual plant with blue or white flowers and fragrant
leaves which
belongs to the family of Lamiaceae with the height of up
to 80 cm. This
plant is native to Central Asia and is accepted in
Central and Eastern
Europe. In Iran, it is mainly grown in the province of
West Azarbaijan
and the Alborz Mountains. The essential oils and extracts
derived from
the secondary metabolisms which are mainly used in the
pharmaceutical
industry, dietary, cosmetic, flavoring and also as tea
and beverage with
sugar or honey. The liquid extract of the herb contains a
high
percentage of water, which should evaporate to increase
shelf-life, easy
transport, handling and storage, the ease of
standardization and
preservation of the product quality. On the other hand,
the active
compounds of the extracts are affected by temperature,
oxygen, light and
enzymes. Therefore, because of the uses and benefits of
herbal
extracts, they need to be dried by a practical and
effective method like
spray drying. In literature still there are no studies
taking into
account to the comparisons between RSM and TOPSIS as two
important
optimization methods. So, as the main objective of the
present work, the
effects of moisture content, drying performance, total
phenol content,
total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity have
been surveyed.
Finally, the optimal point of each process variable was
presented by two
optimization methods.
Materials and Methods
Aerial
parts of Moldavian balm plant were cleaned and drying of
plant was
carried out under shade and thin layer conditions. The
extraction of
Moldavian balm was obtained by maceration method using
ethanol 50 %
(v/v), plant to solvent ratio of 1/10 (w/v). After 48h,
the extract was
concentrated in a rotary evaporator (Buchi Rotavapor R-
205, Switzerland)
to obtain a solid concentration of 6%. The used carrier
was:
Maltodextrin and apple pectin. Different ratios of
carrier were
prepared, then the ratio was added to distilled water and
stirred by a
magnetic stirrer. Finally, the solution was mixed with
extract. The
drying of Moldavian Balm plant extract was performed
using a spray-dryer
(B chi B-191, Switzerland) with co-current flow regime.
The powders
provided by the spray drying were stored in refrigerator
until they were
needed for the experiment.
Results and Discussion
The
results of variance analysis showed that the Box-Behnken
design with
the second-order model has led to the meaningfulness of
the model,
insignificant of the Lack of Fit and the appropriate
correlation
coefficient for each of the responses. A total number of
15 experiments
were conducted to investigate the effect of process
variables such as
inlet air temperature, compressed air flow rate and
concentration of
carriers on moisture content, drying performance, total
phenolic
content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity
of Moldavian
balm powder. Inlet air temperature and compressed air
flow rate had the
most significant effect on moisture content and drying
performance,
while Chemical properties of the powder affected by
changing the
concentration of carriers.
Optimization parameters of the spray
drying process was performed using surface response and
TOPSIS methods.
The optimum predicted conditions in the response surface
method and
TOPSIS method were obtained at inlet air temperature,
compressed air
flow rate and concentration of carrier (152.5-150 C),
(8.046-7.5 lit min-1) and 20%, respectively.
Conclusion
By
comparing two methods, it can be concluded that although
they could
provide the same optimum points, the RSM is more
efficient. Because RSM
offers a mathematical model that can be used at any
desired point of
variables to predict the output quantities as well as
describing the
process trend, while TOPSIS method is unable to predict
the process
trend and only provides the ranking of alternatives.
Date Published: 2023-05-22 06:18:16
Identifier: jam-volume-10-issue-2-pages-201-212
Item Size: 11106017
Language: per
Media Type: texts
# Topics
Optimization
Spray-drying
TOPSIS method
RSM method
Drying conditions
Moldavian Balm powder
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