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# Medicines
# Antibiotics
Antibiotics are medicines that fight infection from bacteria. They
do not help against infections from a virus such as chicken pox,
rubella, flu, or the common cold. Not all antibiotics will fight all
infections from bacteria.
Antibiotics that share the same chemical make-up are said to be from
the same family. It is important to know about the families of
antibiotics for two reasons:
* Antibiotics from the same family can often treat the same
problems. This means you can use a different medicine from the
same family.
* If you are allergic to an antibiotic of one family, you will also
be allergic to the other members of the same family of antibiotics.
This means you will have to take not just a different medicine,
but a medicine from a different family instead.
Antibiotics must be given for their full course. Stopping before you
have finished all the days of treatment, even if you feel better, can
make the infection return in a form that is even harder to stop.
# The penicillins
Medicines in the penicillin family are some of the most useful
antibiotics because they fight many infections.
Penicillin is measured in milligrams (mg) or units (U). For
penicillin G, 250 mg = 400,000 U.
For most people, penicillin is one of the safest medicines. Using
more than the recommended amount wastes money but is not likely to
harm the person.
## Resistance to penicillin
Certain infections have become resistant to penicillin. This means
that in the past penicillin would have been able to cure someone with
these infections, but now penicillin does not work. If the infection
does not respond to ordinary penicillin, try a different form of
penicillin or an antibiotic from another family. For example,
pneumonia is sometimes resistant to penicillin. Try cotrimoxazole or
erythromycin.
## Important!
For all kinds of penicillin (including ampicillin and amoxicillin):
Some people are allergic to penicillin. Mild allergic reactions
cause a rash. Often this comes several hours or days after taking
penicillin and may last for days. Stop taking the penicillin
immediately. Antihistamines help calm the itching. Stomach upset
and diarrhea from taking penicillin are not signs of an allergic
reaction and, while uncomfortable, are not a reason to stop taking it.
Rarely, penicillin can cause a severe allergy called allergic shock.
Within a few minutes or hours after taking penicillin, the person
becomes flushed, gets a swollen throat and lips, has trouble
breathing, feels faint, and goes into a state of shock. This is very
dangerous. Epinephrine (adrenalin) must be injected at once. Always
have epinephrine ready when you inject penicillin.
epinephrine
Someone who has once had an allergic reaction to penicillin should
not be given any kind of penicillin--ampicillin, amoxicillin, or
others--ever again, either by mouth or by injection. This is because
the next time the allergic reaction could be worse and might even
kill him. People allergic to penicillin can use erythromycin or
other antibiotics instead.
## Injections
Penicillin usually works well when given by mouth. Injected forms of
penicillin can be dangerous. They are more likely to cause severe
allergic reactions and other problems, and should be used with
caution. Use injectable penicillin only for severe or dangerous
infections.
# Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
Ampicillin and amoxicillin are broad-spectrum penicillins, which
means they kill many kinds of bacteria. The two are often
interchangeable. When you see a recommendation for ampicillin in
this book, you will often be able to use amoxicillin in its place, in
the correct dose.
Ampicillin and amoxicillin are very safe and are especially useful
for babies and small children.
## Side effects
Both these medicines, but especially ampicillin, tend to cause nausea
and diarrhea. Avoid giving them to people who already have diarrhea
if you can give another antibiotic instead.
The other common side effect is rash. But raised, itchy bumps that
come and go in a few hours are probably a sign of penicillin allergy.
Stop giving the medicine right away and do not give the person a
penicillin medicine again. Future allergic reactions may be more
severe and even life-threatening. For some problems, erythromycin
can be used instead. A flat rash that looks like measles, and
usually appears a week after starting the medicine and takes days to
go away, is not necessarily an allergy. But it is impossible to know
for sure if the rash is from allergy or not, so it is usually better
to stop taking the medicine.
## Important!
More infections are becoming resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin.
Depending on where you live, they may no longer work any against
staphylococcus, shigella, or other infections.
## How to use
Pill, Injection
Ampicillin and amoxicillin work well when taken by mouth. Ampicillin
can also be given by injection for severe illnesses.
As with other antibiotics, always give these medicines for at least
the shorter number of days shown here. If the person still has signs
of infection, have her continue taking the same amount every day
until all signs of infection have been gone for at least 24 hours.
If the person has taken the medicine for the maximum number of days
and is still sick, stop giving the antibiotic and get medical help.
For people with HIV, always give the medicine for the maximum number
of days listed.
Likewise, the amount of antibiotic to take depends on the age or
weight of the person and the severity of the infection. In general,
give the smaller amount of the range for a thinner person or for a
less severe infection, and the larger amount for a heavier person or
a more severe infection.
# AMOXICILLIN (ORAL)
Give 45 to 50 mg per kg each day, divided into 2 doses a day. If you
cannot weigh the person, dose by age:
* Under 3 months: give 125 mg, 2 times a day for 7 to 10 days.
* 3 months to 3 years: give 250 mg, 2 times a day for 7 to 10 days.
* 4 to 7 years: give 375 mg, 2 times a day for 7 to 10 days.
* 8 to 12 years: give 500 mg, 2 times a day for 7 to 10 days.
* Over 12 years: give 500 to 875 mg, 2 times a day for 7 to 10 days.
# AMPICILLIN (ORAL)
Give 50 to 100 mg per kg each day, divided into 4 doses a day. If
you cannot weigh the person, dose by age:
* Under 1 year: give 100 mg, 4 times a day for 7 days.
* 1 to 3 years: give 125 mg, 4 times a day for 7 days.
* 4 to 7 years: give 250 mg, 4 times a day for 7 days.
* 8 to 12 years: give 375 mg, 4 times a day for 7 days.
* Over 12 years: give 500 mg, 4 times a day for 7 days.
# AMPICILLIN (INJECTION)
Ampicillin should be injected only for severe illnesses, or when
someone is vomiting or cannot swallow.
Inject 100 to 200 mg per kg each day, divided into 4 doses a day. If
you cannot weigh the person, dose by age:
* Under 1 year: inject 100 mg, 4 times a day for 7 days.
* 1 to 5 years: inject 300 mg, 4 times a day for 7 days.
* 6 to 12 years: inject 625 mg, 4 times a day for 7 days.
* Over 12 years: inject 875 mg, 4 times a day for 7 days.
# Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid
(Amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium)
Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid comes in different strengths of each
of the 2 medicines it contains, for example, 500/125 (a 4 to 1
strength because the tablets have 500 mg amoxicillin and 125 mg
clavulanic acid) or 875/125 (a 7 to 1 strength). For children, it is
best to use the 4 to 1 ratio such as the 500/125 tablet or the liquid
medicine where 5 ml contains 125/31.25 or 250/62.5. Often, the dose
of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid mentions only the amount of
amoxicillin (as we do here).
## How to use
Pill, Spoon
Give by mouth with food or milk.
For animal bites To prevent infection and using a 4 to 1 strength
such as the 500/125 tablet or a syrup made for children, give 20 mg
per kg each day for 3 to 5 days, divided into 3 doses. If you cannot
weigh the person, dose by age:
* 3 months to 1 year: give 50 mg, 3 times a day for 3 to 5 days.
* 1 to 5 years: give 125 mg, 3 times a day for 3 to 5 days.
* 6 to 12 years: give 250 mg, 3 times a day for 3 to 5 days.
* Over 12 years: 250 mg, 3 times a day OR use the 875/125 tablet, 2
times a day for 3 to 5 days.
If the bite is already infected, use the same dose for up to 14 days.
# Penicillin by mouth, penicillin V, penicillin VK
Penicillin by mouth (rather than by injection) can be used for mild
and moderate infections.
Even if you started with injected penicillin for a severe infection,
you can usually switch to penicillin by mouth once the person starts
to improve. If improvement does not begin within 2 or 3 days,
consider switching to another antibiotic and get medical advice.
## How to use
Pill
To help the body make better use of the medicine, take penicillin on
an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
Give 25 to 50 mg per kg each day, divided into 4 doses, for 10 days.
If you cannot weigh the person, dose by age:
* Under 1 year: give 62 mg, 4 times a day for 10 days.
* 1 to 5 years: give 125 mg, 4 times a day for 10 days.
* 6 to 12 years: give 125 to 250 mg, 4 times a day for 10 days.
* Over 12 years: give 250 to 500 mg, 4 times a day for 10 days.
For more serious infections, double the doses above.
For a wound likely to be infected with tetanus, along with medicines
to prevent tetanus, antibiotics are sometimes given. For example,
give penicillin G for 2 days, switch to penicillin V in the dose
above for 5 to 8 more days.
For animal bites, give the dose above for 3 to 5 days. Also give
metronidazole OR clindamycin.
# Injectable penicillin, penicillin G
Injectable penicillin is used for certain severe infections,
including infections from wounds.
Injectable penicillin comes in different forms. The main difference
is how long the medicine lasts in the body and how quickly it works:
short-acting, intermediate-acting, or long-acting.
## How to use
Injection
PROCAINE PENICILLIN, PROCAINE BENZYLPENICILLIN (intermediate-acting)
Inject only in the muscle (IM), not in the vein (IV).
Give 25,000 to 50,000 units (U, or IU) per kg per day. Do not give
more than 4,800,000 units. If you cannot weigh the person, dose by
age:
* 2 months to 3 years: inject 150,000 units, 1 time a day for 10 to
15 days.
* 4 to 7 years: inject 300,000 units, 1 time a day for 10 to 15
days.
* 8 to 12 years: inject 600,000 units, 1 time a day for 10 to 15
days.
* Over 12 years: inject 600,000 to 4,800,000 units, 1 time a day
for 10 to 15 days.
* Do not give to babies under 2 months unless no other penicillin
or ampicillin is available. If this is your only choice, inject
50,000 units, 1 time a day for 10 to 15 days.
For very severe infections in any age, double the above dose.
For a wound likely to be infected with tetanus, along with medicines
to prevent tetanus, antibiotics are sometimes given. For example,
give the above dose for 7 to 10 days. OR, give the above dose for 2
days, then switch to penicillin by mouth (penicillin V).
# Cloxacillin
Cloxacillin is a form of penicillin, and can sometimes be used for
infections that have become resistant to penicillin, such as sores on
the skin with pus, and bone infections. If you do not have
cloxacillin, dicloxacillin can be used instead.
## Side effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and joint pain.
## Important!
Do not give if the person is allergic to penicillin.
## How to use
Pill
For most infections:
For young children give 25 to 50 mg per kg, divided into 4 doses a
day. For adults give 50 to 100 mg per kg, divided into 4 doses a
day. If you cannot weigh the person, dose by age:
* Under 2 years: give 75 mg, 4 times a day.
* 2 to 10 years: give 125 mg, 4 times a day.
* Over 10 years: give 250 to 500 mg, 4 times a day.
Double these amounts for severe infections.
For knife or gunshot wound, give the dose above for 10 to 14 days.
If the wound is dirty or in the abdomen, also give metronidazole.
For a bone that has broken through the skin (open fracture), give the
dose above for 5 to 7 days. If the wound is very dirty, also give
metronidazole.
# Dicloxacillin
Dicloxacillin is a form of penicillin, and can sometimes be used for
infections that have become resistant to penicillin. If you do not
have dicloxacillin, cloxacillin can be used instead.
## Side effects
Nausea, stomach pain, loss of appetite.
## Important!
* Do not give if the person is allergic to penicillin. Do not give
to newborns.
* Stop taking if you begin to have dark urine, gray colored stools
or jaundice (yellow skin and eyes).
## How to use
Pill
Give with a full glass of water. Give 1 hour before eating, or 2
hours after eating.
For children under 40 kg, give 12.5 to 25 mg per kg, divided into 4
doses a day. If you cannot weigh the person, dose by age:
* Under 1 year: give 20 mg by mouth, 4 times a day.
* 1 to 5 years: give 30 mg by mouth, 4 times a day.
* 6 to 12 years: give 80 mg by mouth, 4 times a day.
* Over 12 years: give 125 to 250 mg by mouth, 4 times a day.
For an infected wound, give the dose above for 5 to 7 days. If the
wound is very dirty, also give metronidazole.
For a burn that is infected, give the dose above for 5 to 7 days. If
it is a deep burn, or the person has a fever, give the dose above for
10 to 14 days.
# Other antibiotics
# Erythromycin
Erythromycin works against many of the same infections as penicillin
and can be used by those who are allergic to penicillins. For many
infections, it can also be used in place of tetracycline. It can
also be used for diphtheria and pertussis (whooping cough).
## Side effects
Erythromycin often causes nausea and diarrhea, especially in
children. Do not use for more than 2 weeks as it may cause jaundice.
## How to use
Pill
Give 30 to 50 mg per kg each day, divided into 2 to 4 doses a day.
If you cannot weigh the person, dose by age:
* Newborns up to 1 month old: give 62 mg, 3 times a day for 7 to 10
days.
* 1 month to 2 years: give 125 mg, 3 or 4 times a day for 7 to 10
days.
* 2 to 8 years: give 250 mg, 3 or 4 times a day for 7 to 10 days.
* Over 8 years: give 250 to 500 mg, 4 times a day for 7 to 10 days.
For severe infections, double the doses above.
# Tetracycline and Doxycycline
Tetracycline and doxycycline are broad-spectrum antibiotics and fight
many different kinds of bacteria. They work well when given by mouth
(and are very painful when injected, so they should not be given that
way). There are more infections that are now resistant to these
medicines so they are not used as much as they once were, but they
are still useful for fighting some infections.
Doxycycline and tetracycline can be used interchangeably. But
doxycycline is usually a better choice because less is needed each
day and it has fewer side effects.
## Side effects
Heartburn, stomach cramps, diarrhea, and yeast infections are common.
## Important!
* Pregnant women should not take these medicines, as they can
damage or stain the baby's teeth and bones. For the same reason,
children under 8 years old should take them only when there is no
other effective antibiotic, and for short periods only. You can
usually use erythromycin instead.
* Some people may develop a skin rash or get easily sunburned after
spending time in the sun while taking these medicines, so stay out
of the sun or wear a large hat.
## How to use
Pill
# TETRACYCLINE
Avoid milk, iron pills, and antacids for 2 hours before or after
taking tetracycline. They will make the medicine less effective.
Take tetracycline on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2
hours after meals.
For most infections:
Give 25 to 50 mg per kg each day, divided into 4 doses a day. If you
cannot weigh the person, dose by age:
* 8 to 12 years: give 125 mg, 4 times a day for 7 to 10 days.
* Over 12 years: give 250 to 500 mg, 4 times a day for 7 to 10 days.
# DOXYCYCLINE
Doxycycline is taken twice a day (instead of 4 times a day like
tetracycline).
Avoid iron pills, and antacids for 2 hours before or after taking
Doxycycline. They will make the medicine less effective.
Take doxycycline with plenty of water. It may be taken with food or
milk if it upsets your stomach.
For most infections:
Give 2 mg per kg in each dose, but do not give more than 100 mg per
dose or 200 mg a day. Give twice a day. Or dose by age:
* 8 to 12 years: give 50 mg twice a day, for 7 to 10 days.
* Over 12 years: give 100 mg twice a day, for 7 to 10 days.
For animal bites, give the dose above for 3 to 5 days. Also give
metronidazole or clindamycin.
# Cotrimoxazole, sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim, TMP-SMX
Cotrimoxazole, a combination of 2 antibiotics is inexpensive and
fights a wide range of infections. It is an important medicine for
people with HIV and can prevent the many infections that come as a
result of HIV infection. See HIV and AIDS (in development).
## Important!
Avoid giving cotrimoxazole to babies less than 6 weeks old and to
women in the last 3 months of pregnancy. Allergy to this medicine is
common. Signs of allergic reaction are fever, difficulty breathing,
or rash. Stop giving cotrimoxazole if the person develops a rash or
if you think there may be an allergy.
## How to use
Pill
Cotrimoxazole comes in different strengths of each of the 2 medicines
it contains. So it may say 200/40 (meaning 200 mg sulfamethoxazole
and 40 mg trimethoprim) or 400/80 or 800/160. Sometimes a dose is
described only in terms of the amount of trimethoprim (the second
number).
For most infections:
* 6 weeks to 5 months: give sulfamethoxazole 100 mg + trimethoprim
20 mg, 2 times a day for 5 days.
* 6 months to 5 years: give sulfamethoxazole 200 mg + trimethoprim
40 mg, 2 times a day 5 days.
* 6 to 12 years: give sulfamethoxazole 400 mg + trimethoprim 80 mg,
2 times a day 5 days.
* Over 12 years: give sulfamethoxazole 800 mg + trimethoprim 160
mg, 2 times a day 5 days.
For animal bites, give the amount above for 3 to 5 days. Also give
metronidazole or clindamycin.
# Clindamycin
Clindamycin is another antibiotic used to treat many kinds of
bacterial infections. It is especially useful for treating
infections that have become resistant to penicillin such as skin
infections and abscesses.
## Important!
If you develop diarrhea that is watery or bloody while taking
clindamycin, stop taking it immediately. This can be a sign of
dangerous infection caused by the antibiotic. Because the drug can
pass through breast milk and harm a baby, avoid giving to a
breastfeeding woman.
## How to use
Pill
Give clindamycin by mouth.
* Under 3 years: give 37.5 to 75 mg, 3 times a day.
* 3 to 7 years: give 75 to 150 mg, 3 times a day.
* 8 to 12 years: give 150 to 300 mg, 3 times a day.
* Over 12 years: give 150 to 450 mg, 3 times a day.
For animal bites, give the dose above for 3 to 5 days. Also give
another medicine such as doxycycline, cotrimoxazole OR penicillin V.
For an infected wound, give the dose above for 5 to 7 days.
For a burn that is infected, give the dose above for 5 to 7 days. If
it is a deep burn, or the person also has a fever, give the dose
above for 10 to 14 days.
For a bone that has broken through the skin (open fracture), give the
dose above for 5 to 7 days. If the wound is very dirty, also give
ciprofloxacin.
For knife or gunshot wound, give the dose above for 10 to 14 days.
# Metronidazole
Metronidazole is effective at fighting certain bacteria and
infections used by itself or in combination with other antibiotics.
## Side effects
Nausea, cramps, and diarrhea are common. Taking with food may help.
Sometimes it causes a metallic taste in the mouth or a headache.
## Important!
Do not give in the first 3 months of pregnancy because it may cause
birth defects. Also avoid giving metronidazole later in pregnancy
and while breastfeeding unless it is the only effective medicine and
is definitely needed. Do not drink alcohol while taking
metronidazole or until 2 days after you finish taking it. Drinking
alcohol while taking metronidazole causes severe nausea. Do not use
metronidazole if you have liver problems.
## How to use
Pill
Give 30 mg per kg, divided into 4 doses a day. If you cannot weigh
the person, dose by age:
* Under 1 year: give 37 mg, 4 times a day.
* 1 to 5 years: give 75 mg, 4 times a day.
* 6 to 12 years: give 150 mg, 4 times a day.
* Over 12 years: Give 500 mg, 3 or 4 times a day. Do not give more
than 4 g in 24 hours.
For an infected wound, give the dose above for 5 to 7 days. Also
give dicloxacillin OR cephalexin.
For a wound likely to be infected with tetanus, along with medicines
to prevent tetanus, antibiotics are sometimes given. For example,
give the dose above for 7 to 10 days.
For animal bites, give the dose above for 3 to 5 days. Also give
another medicine such as doxycycline, cotrimoxazole, OR penicillin V.
For a bone that has broken through the skin (open fracture), give the
dose above for 5 to 7 days. Also give ceftriaxone, cephalexin OR
cloxacillin.
# Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin is a broad spectrum antibiotic of the quinolone family.
It works against a lot of different infections of the skin, bones,
digestive tract, and urinary tract (bladder and kidneys). There are
more infections becoming resistant to ciprofloxacin depending on
where you live. Only use it only against the infections for which it
is specifically recommended in your area. It is not a good
antibiotic for children.
## Side effects
Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, rash, or yeast
infections.
## Important!
* Do not use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Do not take
with dairy products such as milk or cheese.
* Rarely, ciprofloxacin damages the tendons. Except for a few
specific situations, it should not be given to children under 16
because their tendons are still developing. If you have pain in
your calves when taking this medicine, stop taking it immediately.
## How to use
Pill
For most infections:
* Give 250 to 750 mg, twice a day until 24 hours after signs of
infection are gone.
For sepsis, give the dose above for 2 to 3 days after signs of
infection are gone. Also give clindamycin.
For a bone that has broken through the skin (open fracture), give the
dose above for 5 to 7 days. Also give clindamycin.
For a burn that is infected, give the dose above for 5 to 7 days. If
it is a deep burn, or the person also has a fever, give the dose
above for 10 to 14 days.
# Ceftriaxone
Ceftriaxone is in the cephalosporin antibiotic family.
Cephalosporins are antibiotics that work against many kinds of
bacteria. They are often expensive and not widely available.
However, they generally have fewer risks and side effects than many
other antibiotics and can be useful in treating certain serious
diseases.
Ceftriaxone is used against serious infections including sepsis and
meningitis, and for infections resistant to penicillin. Only use
ceftriaxone to treat the specific infections for which it is
recommended in your area.
Ceftriaxone is especially useful for gonorrhea, including gonorrhea
infection of the newborn's eyes but otherwise should not be given to
newborns under 1 week old and should be avoided in babies under 1
month old.
## Important!
Do not give this medicine to someone who is allergic to other
cephalosporin antibiotics.
Do not give to a baby less than 1 week old, except as treatment for
gonorrhea in the eyes.
## How to use
Injection
Ceftriaxone cannot be taken by mouth. When injecting, put the needle
deep in the muscle. It can be painful to inject, so mix with 1%
lidocaine if you know how.
Give 50 to 100 mg per kg each day, divided into 2 doses a day. If
you cannot weigh the person, dose by age:
* 1 month to 3 months: inject 150 mg, twice a day.
* 3 months to 1 year: inject 250 mg, twice a day.
* 2 to 4 years: inject 400 mg, twice a day.
* 5 to 12 years: inject 625 mg, twice a day.
* Over 12 years: inject 1 to 2 grams, once a day. Do not give more
than 4 grams in 24 hours.
For a bone that has broken rough the skin (open fracture), give the
dose above for 5 to 7 days. If the wound is dirty, also give
metronidazole.
For sepsis, give the dose above until 2 to 3 days after signs of
infection are gone. If the wound is dirty, or there is no
improvement 24 hours after starting ceftriaxone, also give
metronidazole.
# Cephalexin
Cephalexin is in the cephalosporin antibiotic family. Cephalosporins
are antibiotcs that work against many kinds of bacteria. They are
often expensive and not widely available. However, they generally
have fewer risks and side effects than many other antibiotics and can
be useful in treating certain serious diseases.
## Side effects
Diarrhea that is watery or bloody, fever, sore throat, headache, red
skin rash with blistering or peeling, dark colored urine, confusion
or weakness.
## Important!
Do not give this medicine to someone who is allergic to other
cephalosporin antibiotics.
## How to use
Pill
Give 50 mg per kg each day, divided into 4 doses a day. Do not give
more than 4000 mg in 24 hours. If you cannot weigh the person, dose
by age:
* Under 6 months: give 100 mg, 4 times a day.
* 6 months to 2 years: give 125 mg, 4 times a day.
* 3 to 5 years: give 250 mg, 4 times a day.
* 6 to 12 years: give 375 mg, 4 times a day.
* Over 12 years: give 500 mg, 4 times a day.
For an infected wound, give the dose above for 5 to 7 days. If the
wound is very dirty, also give metronidazole.
For a burn that is infected, give the dose above for 5 to 7 days. If
it is a deep burn, or the person has a fever, give the dose above for
10 to 14 days.
For a bone that has broken through the skin (open fracture), give the
dose above for 5 to 7 days. If the wound is very dirty, also give
metronidazole.
For knife or gunshot wound, give the dose above for 10 to 14 days.
If the wound is dirty or in the abdomen, also give metronidazole.
# Gentamicin
Gentamicin is a very strong antibiotic of the aminoglycoside family.
It can only be given by injection or IV (in the vein). This drug can
damage the kidneys and the hearing, so it should only be used in
emergencies.
## Important!
Gentamicin must be given in the exactly correct dose. Giving too
much can cause kidney damage or permanent deafness. It is best to
dose by weight. And do not give gentamicin for more than 10 days.
## How to use
Injection
Inject into the muscle or the vein.
For sepsis:
* 6 months to 12 years: inject 2.5 mg per kg, 3 times a day.
* Over 12 years: inject 1 to 1.7 mg per kg, 3 times a day.
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