View source | |
# Heat Emergencies | |
## Heat cramps and, heat exhaustion (heat sickness) | |
Heat cramps | |
Working hard in hot conditions can cause painful cramps in the legs, | |
arms, or stomach. This is probably caused by losing too much salt | |
from sweating. Gently stretch out cramps, by moving the feet, or | |
slowly walking. | |
Treat heat exhaustion (heat sickness) as soon as signs appear. If | |
not treated, heat exhaustion can worsen into heat stroke. | |
Signs | |
* Extreme thirst. | |
* Weakness. | |
* Headache. | |
* Nausea or abdominal cramps. | |
* The skin is usually sweaty and may be cool and pale. | |
* There may be a prickly feeling on the skin or a rash. | |
Treatment | |
Rehydration | |
* Rest in a cool place. Take off extra clothes. | |
* Give rehydration drink--mix 1/2 teaspoon salt and 8 teaspoons of | |
sugar or cooked cereal in 1 liter water. | |
* Give plenty of other cool liquids too. | |
## Heat stroke | |
Heat stroke is a very dangerous condition that is caused by being too | |
hot for too long. Left untreated, it can kill. | |
Signs | |
* Fast pulse and fast breathing | |
* Skin flushed (red), warm, dry or clammy | |
* Vomiting or diarrhea | |
* Confusion | |
* Passing out or seizures | |
* High fever, greater than 40°C | |
A fat woman holding a fan and looking uncomfortable. | |
Happy helping ☃ here: You tried to output a spurious TAB character. This will… | |
A young man sweating while working outside. | |
Heat stroke happens to people who are not able to recover quickly | |
enough from getting too hot: old people, babies, the ill, very fat | |
people, and alcoholics are most vulnerable. Heat stroke can also | |
happen to a healthy young adult who has worked or exercised too long | |
in the heat. These people tend to be sweaty instead of having dry | |
skin. | |
Treatment | |
Cool the person as fast as possible: move to the shade. Take off | |
extra clothes. Fan the person and wipe them with cool, wet cloths | |
all over the body. Put ice packs or cold cloths on the neck, | |
armpits, and groin. An otherwise healthy person can be dunked in a | |
bath of ice-cold water, but this is dangerous for an old person or | |
someone who is already ill. | |
When the person is alert, give rehydration drink. Or give a lot of | |
any cool drink. But be careful the person does not choke: breathing | |
problems are common with heat stroke. | |
rehydration | |
Someone with heat stroke can get worse quickly so if possible it is | |
best to get medical help. | |
Prevention | |
To prevent heat-related problems outside, wear light-colored clothing | |
and shade the face and back of the neck with a hat. Indoor work | |
spaces should have enough air flow and fans. Take regular breaks and | |
drink lots of liquids. Avoid or limit drinking beer and other | |
alcohol while working or playing sports in the heat because alcohol | |
causes dehydration. | |
## Sunburns | |
Problems with sunburn usually are often more serious for people with | |
light skin color. The skin becomes red, painful, and hot, and in | |
severe cases it will blister and swell. Blisters from sunburn, as | |
from other burns, can get easily infected. A single sunburn is not | |
dangerous, but many sunburns over time can lead to skin cancer (for | |
information on skin cancer, see the chapter on Cancer). | |
skin cancer | |
A sunburn will heal on its own after a few days. Aloe or a mild pain | |
medicine can help. There may be some local treatments in your area | |
that cool and relieve the skin. | |
Prevention | |
A woman with a hat and long sleeves | |
Wear a hat and clothing that covers the skin when the sun is strong. | |
Sunscreen lotion that is rubbed into the skin before going into the | |
sun can also help prevent sunburn. | |
> from NEW WHERE THERE IS NO DOCTOR © Hesperian Health Guides, | |
> 1919 Addison St Ste 304, Berkeley, CA, 94704, 1.510.845.1447, | |
> [email protected] | |