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# Burns | |
## Minor burns | |
For a minor burn, immediately pour cool water over the burned skin | |
for 15 to 30 minutes. This will cool and clean the skin and help | |
reduce the pain. | |
Keep the area clean with mild soap and water as it heals. Honey or | |
aloe vera juice speed healing of smaller burns, but should be put on | |
only after the burn has cooled. | |
Honey | |
Minor burns should heal in about 1 to 3 weeks. | |
## Dangerous burns | |
Dangerous burns include: | |
* Deep burns (called deep partial thickness, or full thickness | |
burns). They do not hurt unless pressed on because the nerves have | |
been destroyed. They do not change color if pressed on. They may | |
look mottled in color, or if deeper, they may be waxy white, | |
leathery gray, or charred black. | |
* Large burns. A large burn is one that covers 10% or more of the | |
body. Even if not deep, a burn this large is dangerous. You can | |
estimate how much of the body is burned based on the size of the | |
palm of the hand of the burned person. Does the burn cover about | |
the size of one palm? That is about 1% of their body surface. 10 | |
palms is about 10%. | |
* A burn that affects a joint, the face, or the genitals. These | |
can scar badly and disable the person, especially a child. | |
* Burns combined with other injuries. | |
* Burns in children. Children have much more difficulty recovering | |
from burns and whenever possible should be cared for in hospitals | |
equipped to treat burns. | |
Get help for dangerous burns. On the way to the medical center, give | |
small sips of water frequently if the person is alert. Cover the | |
area of the burn with a very clean cloth. For dangerous burns, avoid | |
immersing the burn in cold water--it can make the body temperature | |
drop too low and the person can become dangerously cold. Try to calm | |
the person. | |
## Treatment | |
* Salbutamol can help a person breathe more easily if they inhaled | |
a lot of smoke. | |
* A person with a large or deep burn can easily become dehydrated | |
because body fluids are lost as they ooze from the burn. Give | |
extra fluids. It is usually best to give intravenous (IV) fluids, | |
but large quantities of rehydration drink will work for someone who | |
is alert and able to drink. Watch for danger signs of shock, that | |
can come from dehydration. | |
* Burns and the area around them are very prone to infection. Keep | |
the burn clean and wash it each day with running water or by | |
briefly soaking it in clean water. A little mild soap is helpful | |
but do not use disinfectants or iodine--they will delay healing. | |
Gently wipe or scrape away small amounts of dead tissue. | |
* Cover the burn with antibiotic ointment and then with very clean | |
fine mesh gauze or another very clean dressing. Wrap firmly to | |
create pressure without cutting off circulation. Change the | |
bandage each day and every time it gets dirty. A dirty bandage can | |
cause infection. You may need to soak off a bandage that has stuck | |
in place. Be sure to individually wrap and separate burned fingers | |
and toes. | |
* Give antibiotics if any of these signs of infection appear: | |
increasing redness, heat, pain, swelling, bad smell or pus, or the | |
person gets a fever. Make sure tetanus vaccinations are up-to-date. | |
* If a blister has opened, keep the area clean. If the blister has | |
not opened, do not try to pop it. Opened blisters are more likely | |
to get infected. | |
* Burns are extremely painful. Do not hesitate to give strong pain | |
medicine including morphine or other opiates. Always give pain | |
medicine before cleaning or changing a dressing on a serious burn. | |
As burns heal they can start to itch. An antihistamine provides | |
some relief. | |
* Plenty of nutritious food, including extra protein, is needed to | |
help a burn heal. While healing, try to eat at least 4 meals each | |
day that have protein (such as chicken, other meats, eggs, milk, | |
fish, beans, and nuts), as well as snacks. | |
* Burned parts may become stiff and immobile as they heal, | |
especially if the burn is on a joint. These parts must be moved | |
every few hours. If the person cannot move a joint herself, gently | |
help her. | |
As with any serious injury, get help if the person gets worse or you | |
cannot provide needed care. | |
allergy meds | |
rehydration | |
shock | |
medicine for burns | |
tetanus | |
medicine for pain | |
malnutrition | |
> from NEW WHERE THERE IS NO DOCTOR © Hesperian Health Guides, | |
> 1919 Addison St Ste 304, Berkeley, CA, 94704, 1.510.845.1447, | |
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