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# Head Injuries | |
## How the head is injured | |
If someone falls, gets hit in the head, or is in a vehicle accident, | |
watch for signs of brain injury. It can be difficult to tell if | |
there is brain injury if the person has been drinking or using drugs | |
because many of these signs can be the same. Also check anyone with | |
a head injury for neck or spine injuries, as these two can go | |
together. | |
neck or spine injuries | |
## Signs of mild brain injury or concussion | |
* Confusion or loss of consciousness that gets better on its own in | |
a short time | |
* Not remembering what happened | |
* Temporary blurry vision or "seeing stars" | |
* Nausea or vomiting that does not last long | |
* Headache, dizziness, or tiredness | |
Ask her to rest for about 24 hours and give paracetamol | |
(acetaminophen) for the pain, but do not give ibuprofen or aspirin | |
because they can worsen any bleeding inside the head. Watch the | |
person for the first 24 hours. If she goes to sleep, wake her every | |
few hours to see if she can still answer questions and think clearly. | |
In the hours after the injury, if the person becomes more confused, | |
gets a headache that gets worse and worse, or loses consciousness or | |
has a seizure, there is likely bleeding inside the skull and | |
immediate medical help is needed. | |
## Signs of severe brain injury | |
Get help for any of these signs: | |
* Unconsciousness | |
* Severe or worsening headache, changes in vision, loss of balance | |
* Nausea and vomiting | |
* Confusion, personality changes, aggression | |
* Very slow, very fast, or changing (irregular) heart beat | |
* Fast, shallow breathing or breathing that is irregular (sometimes | |
fast, sometimes slow) | |
* Warm, flushed skin | |
* Seizures | |
* Blood or clear fluid leaking from the ears or nose | |
These signs may happen hours after the injury: | |
* One pupil bigger than the other | |
* Bruises around both eyes or behind the ear | |
Pupils differ | |
Pupils differ | |
Ear and eye bruises | |
## Bleeding from the head | |
Head wounds bleed a lot. If you are sure the spine is not injured, | |
ask the person to sit up, or prop her up, to decrease bleeding. Use | |
pressure to stop the bleeding, then wash the wound well before | |
closing it with sutures or glue. If you have no supplies you can tie | |
the hair together across the wound, to help keep it closed. | |
Tying hair to treat bleeding head wound | |
If the head is cut open, look for injury to the skull underneath. If | |
you believe there may be an opening into the skull, apply pressure on | |
each side of the wound and avoid pressing hard on the injured part of | |
the head. | |
## Nosebleeds | |
Pinch the nose firmly, just below the hard bony part. | |
Hold tight for 10 minutes--do not stop to check if the bleeding has | |
stopped or the blood can start flowing again. If the nose still | |
bleeds after 10 minutes, try pinching for another 10 minutes. | |
Nose bleeds | |
While most nose bleeds get better, any uncontrolled bleeding is | |
dangerous. Beware especially of nose bleeds in old people. | |
Prevention | |
Rubbing a little petroleum jelly inside the nose might keep dryness | |
from causing bleeding. | |
Nose picking is a common cause of nosebleeds. | |
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