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# Bleeding | |
## Direct pressure | |
Direct, firm pressure will stop almost all bleeding, even large, | |
heavily bleeding wounds. If the person is bleeding from the head, | |
apply pressure. | |
* Raise the injured part so it is above the level of the person's | |
heart. | |
* Grab the cleanest piece of cloth you can find nearby, fold it to | |
about the size of the wound, and press it directly and firmly on | |
the wound. | |
* Show the injured person how to put pressure on himself, if he is | |
able. | |
* If the wound is large, put the gauze or cloth into the wound. | |
* Keep pressing until the bleeding stops. | |
* Do not remove the cloth if it becomes soaked with blood. | |
Instead, add another cloth on top. | |
* For a large wound, do not lift your hand off until at least 15 | |
minutes has passed, even to check if it has stopped bleeding. | |
Bleeding | |
When bleeding has slowed or stopped, you may be able to wrap a | |
dressing firmly around the bleeding part. Put a folded gauze or | |
cloth in or on top of the wound and then firmly wrap a bandage around | |
it. Be sure the bandage is firm enough to create pressure on the | |
wound, but not so tight that it cuts off the blood flow to the rest | |
of the arm or leg. | |
> Applying pressure to stop bleeding is hard work. Do not give up! | |
Never use dirt, kerosene, lime, or used coffee grounds to stop | |
bleeding. | |
Blood can make a big mess and look like the person lost more than he | |
did. Watch the person closely for these signs of losing too much | |
blood: | |
Danger signs | |
* Confusion or losing consciousness | |
* Very fast heart rate | |
* Cold, moist, pale skin | |
If you see these signs, raise both the person's feet onto something | |
so they are above the heart, and get help for shock. | |
shock | |
Even if you do not see these signs, stay with the person or check in | |
on him every 10 to 15 minutes to make sure he is OK and reassure him. | |
Keep checking until he is acting and feeling normal. | |
## Tourniquets | |
Use a tourniquet *only as a last resort*, when you are willing to | |
risk the loss of an arm or leg in order to save a person's life. | |
Use tourniquets only when: | |
* A limb is cut off or is so mangled that it clearly cannot be | |
saved. | |
* Heavy bleeding that does not slow down from an arm or leg with | |
direct pressure. (Have you tried pressing harder first?) | |
* There is a large, deep wound in the thigh, like when a bullet, | |
shrapnel, or something else has penetrated deep into the muscle, | |
and the person is showing signs of blood loss like weakness, | |
confusion, or pale skin. (It can be impossible to use enough | |
pressure on a large thigh to stop heavy bleeding.) | |
Use a wide belt, a piece of cloth folded into a flat strip, or a | |
blood pressure cuff inflated all the way to tie off the bleeding | |
part. Do not use thin string or wire. It will cut right through the | |
skin. | |
Get to a hospital as fast as you can. You have 2 or 3 hours before | |
the limb is likely to be lost. | |
* Place the tourniquet above but close to the wound, between the | |
wound and the body. (A common mistake is putting the tourniquet | |
too far from the wound.) | |
* Wrap the tourniquet tightly around the limb twice. Then tie a | |
knot. | |
* Put a short, strong stick on top of the knot. Tie two more knots | |
on top of the stick. | |
* Twist the stick to tighten the tourniquet until bleeding stops. | |
Happy helping ☃ here: You tried to output a spurious TAB character. This will… | |
Tourniquet | |
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