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# Breathing | |
## Choking | |
Choking person | |
When food or something else gets stuck in the throat or airway and a | |
person cannot breathe, this is choking. | |
If the person is coughing, let them continue coughing but if they | |
cannot talk or cannot cough, you can save a life by helping quickly. | |
Give back blows | |
Back blows | |
Bend him over at the waist, and give 5 firm blows on the middle of | |
the back, between the shoulder blades. Use the palm of your hand. | |
If this does not work: Give abdominal thrusts | |
Abdominal thrusts | |
Stand behind the person and wrap your arms around his waist. | |
Put your fist against his belly, just above the navel and below the | |
ribs. | |
Cover your fist with your other hand and use both hands to pull up | |
and in with a sudden, strong jerk. Use enough force to lift the | |
person off his feet. (Use less force on a small child.) Repeat this | |
5 times in a row. | |
If there is something blocking air from getting to the lungs or | |
throat, the force of air being pushed so hard should drive it out. | |
For a pregnant woman or someone who is very fat, put your arms around | |
the middle chest (put your fist between the breasts). Then thrust | |
straight in. | |
## If the person is choking and becomes unconscious | |
Carefully lay him on his back and look in the mouth. If you can see | |
food or something else blocking the throat, sweep it out with a | |
hooked finger. But do not dig into the throat as this may drive the | |
object in further. Then give rescue breathing. | |
## For a baby younger than one year | |
If a baby is choking and cannot cry or cough, try to clear her throat | |
with back blows and chest thrusts. | |
Position the baby | |
Hold the baby face down with her head lower than her body. | |
Give back blows | |
Baby back blows | |
Use the heel of your hand to give 5 firm blows between the shoulder | |
blades. | |
If the baby does not start breathing, turn her over. | |
Give chest thrusts | |
Baby chest thrusts | |
Put 2 or 3 fingers in the center of the chest – just below the | |
nipples. | |
Use a firm, quick movement to push the chest down about 2 | |
centimeters. Do this 5 times or until the baby breathes. | |
If you cannot clear the airway for a baby, child, or adult, give | |
rescue breathing. | |
## Drowning | |
Get the person out of the water as fast as you can and immediately | |
start rescue breathing and chest compressions. Give the rescue | |
breaths first to get some air into the person's body. | |
chest compressions | |
If the person vomits, turn him on his side and gently use your finger | |
or a cloth to wipe the vomit away so he does not choke on it. | |
## Rescue breathing | |
People can only live about 4 minutes without breathing. You may be | |
able to save someone's life with rescue breaths if he stopped | |
breathing because he choked, was hit on the head, almost drowned, was | |
electrocuted, overdosed on drugs, or has hypothermia (extreme cold). | |
If a person stops breathing, you can save his life by giving rescue | |
breathing immediately. | |
Postion his head | |
Position head | |
Lay the person face up. Lift the chin and push on the forehead to | |
tilt the head back so his nose is pointing straight up. | |
Give rescue breaths | |
Rescue breaths | |
Pinch his nose closed so air does not escape that way. | |
Cover his mouth completely with yours. | |
Give 2 strong, slow breaths. | |
The chest should rise with each breath. If it does not, the air is | |
not getting into the lungs. Reposition the head slightly and try | |
again. Let the person breathe out after each breath. | |
Check for a pulse | |
Check pulse | |
After 2 breaths, check if he is breathing. Feel for a pulse on | |
either side of the neck, or listen to the chest, right over the heart. | |
If there is no pulse | |
If there is no pulse, see the entry on "No Heartbeat". | |
If you do feel or hear a pulse | |
If you do feel or hear a pulse, keep giving breaths until he breathes | |
on his own. It may take 30 minutes or more. | |
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