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= ER=EPR =
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Introduction
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ER=EPR is a conjecture in physics stating that entangled particles are
connected by a wormhole (or Einstein-Rosen bridge) and may be a basis
for unifying general relativity and quantum mechanics into a theory of
everything.
Overview
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The conjecture was proposed by Leonard Susskind and Juan Maldacena in
2013. They proposed that a non-traversable wormhole (Einstein-Rosen
bridge or ER bridge) is equivalent to a pair of maximally entangled
black holes. EPR refers to quantum entanglement (EPR paradox).
The symbol is derived from the first letters of the surnames of
authors who wrote the first paper on wormholes (Albert Einstein and
Nathan Rosen) and the first paper on entanglement (Einstein, Boris
Podolsky and Rosen). The two papers were published in 1935, but the
authors did not claim any connection between the concepts.
Preliminary evidence, though indirect, for ER=EPR is that a certain
entangled pair has been realized as an ER bridge using AdS/CFT
correspondence.
Conjectured resolution
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This is a conjectured resolution to the AMPS firewall paradox. Whether
or not there is a firewall depends upon what is thrown into the other
distant black hole. However, as the firewall lies inside the event
horizon, no external superluminal signalling would be possible.
This conjecture is an extrapolation of the observation by Mark Van
Raamsdonk that a maximally extended AdS-Schwarzschild black hole,
which is a non-traversable wormhole, is dual to a pair of maximally
entangled thermal conformal field theories via the AdS/CFT
correspondence.
They backed up their conjecture by showing that the pair production of
charged black holes in a background magnetic field leads to entangled
black holes, but also, after Wick rotation, to a wormhole.
This conjecture sits uncomfortably with the linearity of quantum
mechanics. An entangled state is a linear superposition of separable
states. Presumably, separable states are not connected by any
wormholes, but yet a superposition of such states is connected by a
wormhole.
The authors pushed this conjecture even further by claiming any
entangled pair of particles�even particles not ordinarily considered
to be black holes, and pairs of particles with different masses or
spin, or with charges which aren't opposite�are connected by Planck
scale wormholes.
The conjecture leads to a grander conjecture that the geometry of
space, time and gravity is determined by entanglement.
External links
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* Susskind, Leonard. [
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBPpRqxY8Uw "ER
= EPR" or "What's Behind the Horizons of Black Holes?"]. Stanford
Institute for Theoretical Physics. November. 4, 2014.
License
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License URL:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Original Article:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ER=EPR
