Note: I misread the question - revision next. You have been
  given the gift of moving to a new planet with primitive
  intelligent life and are in a position to influence the future
  of their inhabitants by choosing and taking only one of each of
  the following: 1.A philosophers entire work 2.A country's entire
  history 3.An artists entire masterpieces 4.A musicians entire
  work 5.A writers entire literature.
  As always, support your work with reasons.
  My answer: A writer's entire literature.
  Why?
  Stories.
  People are more quickly inspired by example, either for or
  against and digest more readily things that are relateable.

  Even a bad author will teach things about life and give models
  for people to form after or against.

  Multiple competing philosophies can be embedded within a
  characters words and actions. Even non-fiction talks about
  people.

  I wanted to say music *really* badly. But ... people can make
  their own music. They can tell their own stories too, but
  experience comes first. If you can short-circuit the need to
  experience death by a fictional character dying instead, you can
  life vicariously through their experience and understand it
  better.

  Children have died thousands of times thanks to cartoon and
  video game deaths. I believe it helps at some level.