the first major reformation of islam, I'd say happened at the
  time of the fall of constantiple. Before then, Islam and Eastern
  Christiandom had their political/land tussles but they
  more-or-less cooperated, as there was far more peacetime than
  wartime. But after, Islam tried to "start from scratch" again.
  That's when the troubles really began imo. An analogy would be
  around 1775 when Orthodox Judaism came out. Same kind of idea.