the first major reformation of islam, I'd say happened at the
time of the fall of constantiple. Before then, Islam and Eastern
Christiandom had their political/land tussles but they
more-or-less cooperated, as there was far more peacetime than
wartime. But after, Islam tried to "start from scratch" again.
That's when the troubles really began imo. An analogy would be
around 1775 when Orthodox Judaism came out. Same kind of idea.