Within Islam, as you know, there is the available tradition of

Within Islam, as you know, there is the available tradition of
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufism
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Within Eastern Orthodox Christiandom, there are the concept of
the http://orthodoxwiki.org/Nous for example and Noetic Prayer.
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Within Buddhism, there is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhavana
for example.
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Within Western Christiandom (post schism) you have
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guigo_II for the start of a
uniquely Western Christian form, with others that followed.
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In secularism (and pop psychology in particular) we have a
concept of "true self" (vs false self) and a dozen different
names like "inner child" and whatnot which addresses similar
issues.
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etc.
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All valid and useful methods for betterment. Available within
each of the traditions.