A circular causality of intentionality is presented by Walter J
  Freeman in 1999 that is similar to the Perceptual Control Theory
  (PCT) but does not mention it. "Circular causality explains
  intentionality in terms of "action-perception cycles"
  (Merleau-Ponty, 1945) and affordances (Gibson, 1979), in which
  each perception concomitantly is the outcome of a preceding
  action and the condition for a following action. Dewey (1914)
  phrased the same idea in different words; an organism does not
  react to a stimulus but acts into it and incorporates it. That
  which is perceived already exists in the perceiver, because it
  is posited by the action of search and is actualized in the
  fulfillment of expectation. The unity of the cycle is reflected
  in the impossibility of defining a moving instant of 'now' in
  subjective time, as an object is conceived under linear
  causality. The Cartesian distinction between subject and object
  does not appear, because they are joined by assimilation in a
  seamless flow. "
  [1]http://sulcus.berkeley.edu/freemanw*/manuscripts/IF8/99.html
  This is in opposition to the standard "cause-effect" model, or
  rather that the cause-effect model is
  inadequate.[2]circular-causality

References

  Visible links
  1. http://sulcus.berkeley.edu/freemanwww/manuscripts/IF8/99.html
  2. http://icopiedyou.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/circular-causality.gif

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