I like what you said there, and I agree.* "Everybody is a
  Universe in his or her own right" and the past being
  discoverable by histories and trusting the authorities who give
  us the histories while also trusting our feelings of "this
  doesn't seem right/logical/etc" - to help spark an
  investigation. Of course, the idea of questioning via skepticism
  is a part of our cultural history, so for us it becomes an
  expectation of "this is how to do things right". Our received
  cultural norms include many of the philosophies of the ancient
  greeks, melded together through the centuries and modified in
  various ways. Skepticism is a big one.* Modern versions of
  Aristotle's logic formulation is another... although that's been
  chipped away since the 19th century to include some form of the
  "middle", although his Law of Excluded Middle still dominates a
  lot of our assumptions (that there's nothing between true and
  false - it can be thrown away or negated somehow). My tendancies
  are to take the received stories (History), especially those of
  philosophies that we have received that have shaped our society
  and culture as it is today (sociocultural) - and then apply the
  best of our cognitive science if possible (discoveries in
  neurology, taking into account historical context of some of the
  assumptions of course) - and THEN consider ideas on their own
  merits if they survive. I'm perhaps a form of
  deconstructionalist / constructionalist - not really sure, or at
  the very least, in the school of skeptic.* I don't necessarily
  entirely trust empirical data, but sometimes it's the best we
  have - as long as we take into account sociocultural biases...*
  yet even more prominently I don't believe any of the methods we
  use or the ideas that we have about the nature of reality "fell
  from the sky" or are "simply obvious" or self-evident. Rather
  (going back in a circle here) - they're a product of the
  historical context they came out of and can't be divorced from
  that entirely.* Otherwise, we can easily get lost in our
  armchairs of speculation and get lost in the ether of pure
  mathematics, pure reason, pure-theology - whatever the system of
  platonic ideals happens to be.