#[1]Unix & Linux Stack Exchange [2]Feed for question 'What is `^M` and how do I get rid of it?'

#[1]Unix & Linux Stack Exchange [2]Feed for question 'What is `^M` and how do I get rid of it?'

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[39]What is `^M` and how do I get rid of it?

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Asked 8 years, 5 months ago
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When I open the file in Vim, I see strange ^M characters.

Unfortunately, the world's favorite search engine does not do well with special characters in queries, so I'm asking here:
* What is this ^M character?
* How could it have got there?
* How do I get rid of it?

[45]vim [46]special-characters
[47]share | [48]improve this question | ([49]BUTTON) follow |
[50]edited Nov 10 '19 at 12:35
[51][INLINE]
[52]Matthias Braun
4,11933 gold badges2424 silver badges3737 bronze badges
asked Feb 17 '12 at 23:10
[53][INLINE]
[54]Christoph WurmChristoph Wurm
3,94855 gold badges2121 silver badges2626 bronze badges
* 2
It's a control character digraph, for more info: help digraph-table. - [55]Eric Leschinski Jul 1 '19 at 2:50
* VS Code has an EOL option at the bottom that will auto convert an open file. - [56]Stack Underflow Apr 6 at 20:06

[57]add a comment |

12 Answers 12

[58]Active [59]Oldest [60]Votes
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131
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The ^M is a carriage-return character. If you see this, you're probably looking at a file that originated in the DOS/Windows world, where an
end-of-line is marked by a carriage return/newline pair, whereas in the Unix world, end-of-line is marked by a single newline.

Read [63]this article for more detail, and also the Wikipedia entry for [64]newline.

[65]This article discusses how to set up vim to transparently edit files with different end-of-line markers.

If you have a file with ^M at the end of some lines and you want to get rid of them, use this in Vim:
:s/^M$//

(Press Ctrl+V Ctrl+M to insert that ^M.)
[66]share | [67]improve this answer | ([68]BUTTON) follow |
[69]edited Feb 20 '12 at 2:58
[70][INLINE]
[71]Gilles 'SO- stop being evil'
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answered Feb 17 '12 at 23:14
[72][INLINE]
[73]larskslarsks
16.9k44 gold badges3838 silver badges4949 bronze badges
* 12
Try :%s/^M/\r/g instead to remove ^M and replace ^M with newline character \r. Without %, the command applies for current line only. And I came
across some examples where ^M is not at end of line, such as The first line.^MThe second line. - [74]George Apr 14 '15 at 4:29
* 2
Or if you don't want loads of line breaks you could just do :%s/^M/ - [75]carefulnow1 Nov 21 '16 at 8:52
* 2
If it's just a carriage return by itself, that might be the classic (pre-Unix) Macintosh line break. Even some newer programs like Excel 2007 for
Mac do that for some reason. - [76]sudo Apr 18 '17 at 17:22
* @larsks But [77]altap.cz/salamander/help/salamand/appendix_txtfiles says that ^M is used in UNIX - [78]Vivex Feb 16 '18 at 7:23
* The article to which you have linked says that \n is used in Unix, which is correct. That is ASCII code 10, otherwise known as ^J. - [79]larsks Feb
16 '18 at 21:05

| [80]show 2 more comments
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55
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A simpler way to do this is to use the following command:
dos2unix filename

This command works with path patterns as well, Eg
dos2unix path/name*

If it doesn't work, try using different mode:
dos2unix -c mac filename

* -c Set conversion mode. Where CONVMODE is one of: ascii, 7bit, iso, mac with ascii being the default.

[83]share | [84]improve this answer | ([85]BUTTON) follow |
[86]edited Nov 13 '17 at 16:01
[87][INLINE]
[88]Devaldo
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answered Feb 23 '12 at 17:30
[89][INLINE]
[90]AnonGeekAnonGeek
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* 1
+1 for mentioning about the -c flag default value and other options. At first try, the default didn't have the expected results. With dos2unix -c
max it worked. dos2unix: converting file launch_me.sh to Unix format... - [91]Johnny C Dec 19 '19 at 16:43

[92]add a comment |
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Most UNIX operating systems have a utility called dos2unix that will convert the CRLF to LF. The other answers cover the "what are they" question.
[95]share | [96]improve this answer | ([97]BUTTON) follow |
answered Feb 18 '12 at 3:14
[98][INLINE]
[99]Aaron BrownAaron Brown
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This worked for me
:e ++ff=dos

The :e ++ff=dos command tells Vim to read the file again, forcing dos file format. Vim will remove CRLF and LF-only line endings, leaving only the text
of each line in the buffer.

then
:set ff=unix

and finally
:wq

[103]share | [104]improve this answer | ([105]BUTTON) follow |
[106]edited Aug 29 '18 at 20:05
answered Dec 6 '16 at 20:43
[107][INLINE]
[108]StrykerStryker
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* 5
thanks! this worked for me but the accepted solution didnt - [109]3pitt May 30 '18 at 18:03
* Does ff refers to file format? What about ++ff? - [110]KcFnMi Aug 23 '18 at 18:10
* The :e ++ff=dos command tells Vim to read the file again, forcing dos file format. Vim will remove CRLF and LF-only line endings, leaving only the
text of each line in the buffer. - [111]Stryker Aug 29 '18 at 20:05
* To learn about ff, execute ":help ff" - [112]ohlemacher Jan 22 at 15:03
* simple and effective. I am not sure why cat file1 >> file2 is introducing dos line feeds when file 1 didn't have it in the first place
- [113]abacusreader Apr 23 at 12:09

[114]add a comment |
([115]BUTTON)
11
([116]BUTTON)

Another way to get rid of carriage returns is with the tr command.

I have a small script that look like this
#!/bin/sh
tmpfile=$(mktemp)
tr -d '\r' <"$1" >"$tmpfile"
mv "$tmpfile" "$1"

[117]share | [118]improve this answer | ([119]BUTTON) follow |
[120]edited Feb 4 '18 at 9:19
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[122]KusalanandacD
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answered Feb 18 '12 at 21:27
[123][INLINE]
[124]JohanJohan
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You can clean this up with sed:
sed -e 's/^M$//' < infile > outfile

The trick is how to enter the carriage-return properly. Generally, you need to type C-v C-m to enter a literal carriage return. You can also have sed
work in place with
sed -i.bak -e 's/^M$//' infile

[128]share | [129]improve this answer | ([130]BUTTON) follow |
answered Feb 18 '12 at 5:07
[131][INLINE]
[132]Dale HagglundDale Hagglund
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[133]add a comment |
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What is this ^M?
The ^M is a carriage-return character. If you see this, you're probably looking at a file that originated in the DOS/Windows world, where an
end-of-line is marked by a carriage return/newline pair, whereas in the Unix world, end-of-line is marked by a single newline.

How could it have got there?
When there is change in file format.

How do I get rid of it?
open your file with
vim -b FILE_PATH

save it with following command
:%s/^M//g

[136]share | [137]improve this answer | ([138]BUTTON) follow |
[139]edited Jan 28 '16 at 7:25
answered Nov 21 '15 at 16:45
[140][INLINE]
[141]Prashant KansePrashant Kanse
15733 bronze badges
* You've got a typo in open your filr with. - [142]Mateusz Piotrowski Jan 27 '16 at 20:48
* 4
This answer does not add anything to the other answers. The first paragraph is an almost verbatim copy from the accepted answer. The given code
will not save anything, but just remove all carriage return characters from all lines. And I am not sure how opening the file in binary mode will
help here. - [143]Dubu Jan 28 '16 at 7:58

[144]add a comment |
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3
([146]BUTTON)

In my case,

Nothing above worked, I had a CSV file copied to Linux machine from my mac and I used all the above commands but nothing helped but the below one
tr "\015" "\n" < inputfile > outputfile

I had a file in which ^M characters were sandwitched between lines something like below
Audi,A4,35 TFSi Premium,,CAAUA4TP^MB01BNKT6TG,TRO_WBFB_500,Trico,CARS,Audi,A4,35 TFSi Premium,,CAAUA4TP^MB01BNKTG0A,TRO_WB_T500,Trico,

[147]share | [148]improve this answer | ([149]BUTTON) follow |
answered Dec 7 '16 at 8:45
[150][INLINE]
[151]Vishwanath gowda kVishwanath gowda k
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* mac2unix -n inputfile outputfile, or, equivalently, dos2unix -c mac -n inputfile outputfile will handle that situation. - [152]Robin A. Meade Dec
11 '19 at 1:48

[153]add a comment |
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1
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You can use Vim in Ex mode:
ex -bsc '%s/\r//|x' file

1. -b binary mode
2. % select all lines
3. s substitute
4. \r carriage return
5. x save and close

[156]share | [157]improve this answer | ([158]BUTTON) follow |
answered Apr 17 '16 at 5:06
[159][INLINE]
[160]Steven PennySteven Penny
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[161]add a comment |
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Sed in-place solution without needing to type the special character (you can copy this and it works):
sed -i -e "s/\r//g" filename

Explanation:
-i: in-place
-e: regular expression
\r: escaped carriage return
/g: replace globally

[164]share | [165]improve this answer | ([166]BUTTON) follow |
answered Mar 13 at 9:52
[167][INLINE]
[168]DreamFlasherDreamFlasher
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* The questioner was already editing the file with VIM, note. And there has been an in-place sed answer here since 2012. - [169]JdeBP Mar 13 at 10:50
* Yeah, but a good, working solution was missing. The existing sed solution doesn't work out-of-the-box. - [170]DreamFlasher Mar 14 at 11:11
* Dale Hagglund's in-place sed most definitely does work out of the box. - [171]JdeBP Mar 16 at 10:09
* Well, not for me. I'm on Ubuntu LTS 18.04. - [172]DreamFlasher Mar 16 at 11:42
* Make sure that you read the whole answer. - [173]JdeBP Mar 16 at 13:18

| [174]show 1 more comment
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Add the following line to your ~/.vimrc
command! Tounix :call Preserve('1,$s/^M//')

Then when you have a file with the Windows line endings, run the command ":Tounix".
[177]share | [178]improve this answer | ([179]BUTTON) follow |
answered Sep 6 '19 at 14:05
[180][INLINE]
[181]Charlie DalsassCharlie Dalsass
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In the past, I have seen even configuration files are not parsed properly and complain about whitespace, but if you vi and do a set list it won't show
the whitespace, grep filename [[space]] will show you ^M

that's when dos2unix file helps
[185]share | [186]improve this answer | ([187]BUTTON) follow |
[188]edited Jul 10 '17 at 2:45
[189][INLINE]
[190]andrew lorien
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answered Mar 29 '17 at 18:57
[191][INLINE]
[192]SriramSriram
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* This answer does not bring nothing new, does2unix is already mentioned at least in two answers much more older. - [193]Rui F Ribeiro Apr 12 '19 at
14:06

[194]add a comment |

[195]Highly active question. Earn 10 reputation in order to answer this question. The reputation requirement helps protect this question from spam and
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