TH GRAP 1
SH NAME
grap \- pic preprocessor for drawing graphs
SH SYNOPSIS
B grap
[
I file ...
]
SH DESCRIPTION
I Grap
is a
IR pic (1)
preprocessor for drawing graphs on a typesetter.
Graphs are surrounded by the
I troff
`commands'
B \&.G1
and
BR  \&.G2 .
Data are scaled and plotted,
with tick marks supplied automatically.
Commands exist to modify the frame,
add labels, override the default ticks,
change the plotting style,
define coordinate ranges and transformations,
and include data from files.
In addition,
I grap
provides the same loops, conditionals, and macro processing that
I pic
does.
PP
BI frame
B ht
I e
B wid
I e
B top
B dotted
IR ... :
Set the frame around the graph to specified
B ht
and
BR wid ;
default is 2 by 3 (inches).
The line
I styles
RB ( dotted ,
BR dashed ,
BR invis ,
BR solid
(default))
of the
I sides
RB ( top ,
BR bot ,
BR left ,
BR right )
of the frame can be set
independently.
PP
B label
I side
B \&"a label"
B \&"as a set of strings"
IR adjust :
Place label on specified side; default side is bottom.
I adjust
is
B up
(or
B down
B left
BR right )
I expr
to shift default position;
B width
I expr
sets the width explicitly.
PP
BI ticks
I side
B in
B at
IR "optname expr, expr, ..." :
Put ticks on
I side
at
I "expr, ...,
and label with
I \&"expr"\f1.
If any
I expr
is followed by "...", label tick with "...",
and turn off all automatic labels.
If "..." contains
BR %f 's,
they will be interpreted as
B printf
formatting instructions for the tick value.
Ticks point
B in
or
B out
(default out).
Tick iterator: instead of
B at
IR \&... ,
use
BI from
I expr
B to
I expr
B by
I "op expr
where
I op
is optionally
B +-*/
for additive or multiplicative steps.
B by
can be omitted, to give steps of size 1.
If no ticks are requested, they are supplied automatically;
suppress this with
B ticks
BR off .
Automatic ticks normally
leave a margin of 7% on each side; set this to anything by
B margin
B =
IR expr .
PP
B grid
I "side linedesc"
B at
IR "optname expr, expr, ..." :
Draw grids perpendicular to
I side
in style
I linedesc
at
I "expr, ....\&
Iterators and labels work as with ticks.
PP
B coord
I optname
B x
I "min, max"
B y
I "min, max"
B "log x
BR " log y" :
Set range of coords and optional log scaling on either or both.
This overrides computation of data range.
Default value of
I optname
is current coordinate system
(each
B coord
defines a new coordinate system).
PP
B plot
I \&"str"
B at
IR point ;
B
I \&"str"
B at
IR point :
Put
I str
at
IR point .
Text position can be qualified with
BR rjust ,
BR ljust ,
BR above ,
BR below
after "...".
PP
B line
B from
I point
B to
IR "point linedesc" :
Draw line from here to there.
B arrow
works in place of
BR line .
PP
B next
I optname
B at
IR "point linedesc" :
Continue plot of data in
I optname to
IR point ;
default is current.
PP
BI draw
IR "optname linedesc ..." :
Set mode for
BR next :
use this style from now on,
and plot "..." at each point (if given).
PP
BI new
IR "optname linedesc ..." :
Set mode for
BR next ,
but disconnect from previous.
PP
A list of numbers
I "x y1 y2 y3 ...
is treated as
B plot
B bullet
B at
IR x,y1 ;
B plot
B bullet
B at
IR x,y2 ;
etc., or as
B next
B at
I x,y1
etc., if
B draw
is specified.
Abscissae of 1,2,3,... are provided if there is only one input number per line.
PP
A
point
I "optname expr, expr
maps the point to the named coordinate system.
A
I linedesc
is one of
B dot
B dash
B invis
B solid
optionally followed by an expression.
PP
BI define
I name
BI { whatever } \f1:
Define a macro.
There are macros already defined for standard plotting
symbols like
BR bullet ,
BR circle ,
BR star ,
BR plus ,
etc., in
BR /sys/lib/grap.defines ,
which is included if it exists.
PP
I var
B =
IR expr :
Evaluate an expression.
Operators are
B=
B +
B -
B *
and
BR / .
Functions are
B log
and
B exp
(both base 10),
BR sin ,
BR cos ,
BR sqrt ;
B rand
returns random number on [0,1);
BI max( e , e )\f1,
BI min( e , e )\f1,
BI int( e )\f1.
PP
B print
IR expr ;
B print
\fL"\f2...\fL"\f1:
As a debugging aid, print
I expr
or
I string
on the standard error.
PP
B copy
\fL"\fIfile name\fL"\fR:
Include this file right here.
PP
B copy
B thru
IR macro :
Pass rest of input (until
BR \&.G2 )
through
IR macro ,
treating each field (non-blank, or "...") as an argument.
I macro
can be the name of a macro previously defined,
or the body of one in place, like
BR "/plot $1 at $2,$3/" .
PP
B copy
B thru
I macro
B until
\fL"\fIstring\fL"\fR:
Stop copy when input is
I string
(left-justified).
PP
BI pic
IR "remainder of line" :
Copy to output with leading blanks removed.
PP
BI graph
IR "Name pic-position" :
Start a new frame, place it at specified position,
e.g.,
B graph
B Thing2
BR "with .sw at Thing1.se + (0.1,0)" .
I Name
must be capitalized to keep
I pic
happy.
PP
BI \&. "anything at beginning of
IR line :
Copied verbatim.
PP
B sh
BI % anything
BR % :
Pass everything between the
BR % 's
to the shell;
as with macros,
B %
may be any character and
I anything
may include newlines.
PP
B #
IR anything :
A comment, which is discarded.
PP
Order is mostly irrelevant; no category is mandatory.
Any arguments on the
B \&.G1
line are placed on the generated
B \&.PS
line for
IR pic .
SH EXAMPLES
EX
ps -1
vs -1
\&.G1
frame ht 1 top invis right invis
coord x 0, 10 y 1, 3 log y
ticks left in at 1 "bottommost tick", 2,3 "top tick"
ticks bot in from 0 to 10 by 2
label bot "silly graph"
label left "left side label" "here"
grid left dashed at 2.5
copy thru / circle at $1,$2 /
1 1
2 1.5
3 2
4 1.5
10 3
\&.G2
G1
frame ht 1 top invis right invis
coord x 0, 10 y 1, 3 log y
ticks left in at 1 "bottommost tick", 2,3 "top tick"
ticks bot in from 0 to 10 by 2
label bot "silly graph"
label left "left side label" "here"
grid left dashed at 2.5
copy thru / circle at $1,$2 /
1 1
2 1.5
3 2
4 1.5
10 3
G2
ps
vs
EE
SH FILES
TF /sys/lib/grap.defines
TP
B /sys/lib/grap.defines
definitions of standard plotting characters, e.g., bullet
SH SOURCE
B /sys/src/cmd/grap
SH "SEE ALSO"
IR pic (1),
IR troff (1)
br
J. L. Bentley and B. W. Kernighan,
``GRAP\(emA Language for Typesetting Graphs'',
I
Unix Research System Programmer's Manual,
Tenth Edition, Volume 2.

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