TH FS 8
SH NAME
fs, exsort \- file server maintenance
SH SYNOPSIS
PD 0
B help
[
I command ...
]
PP
B arp
I subcommand
PP
B cfs
I filesystem
PP
B check
RI [ options ]
PP
B clri
RI [ file ...]
PP
B cpu
RI [ proc ]
PP
B create
I path uid gid perm
RB [ lad ]
PP
B cwcmd
I subcommand
PP
B date
RB [[ +- ]
IR seconds ]
PP
B duallow
RI [ uid ]
PP
B dump
PP
B files
PP
B flag
I flag
[
I channel
]
PP
B fstat
[
I files
]
PP
B halt
PP
B hangup
I channel
PP
B newuser
I name
RI [ options ]
PP
B noattach
PP
B passwd
PP
B profile
RB [ 01 ]
PP
B remove
RI [ files ...]
PP
B route
I subcommand
PP
BR stat [ acdejklw ]
PP
B stats
RB [[ - ]
IR flags ...]
PP
B sync
PP
B time
I command
PP
B trace
RI [ number ]
PP
B users
RI [ file ]
PP
B version
PP
B who
RI [ user ...]
PP
B wormeject
[
I tunit
]
PP
B wormingest
[
I tunit
]
PD
PP
B disk/exsort
RB [ -w ]
RI [ file ]
SH DESCRIPTION
Except for
IR exsort ,
these commands are available only on the console of an
IR fs (4)
file server.
PP
The console requires the machine's password to be supplied before
accepting commands.  Typing a control-D will cause
the server to request
the password again.
PP
I Help
prints a `usage string' for the named
IR commands ,
by default all commands.
Also, many commands print menus of their options if given
incorrect or incomplete parameters.
PP
I Arp
has two
IR subcommands :
B print
prints the contents of the ARP cache and
B flush
flushes it.
PP
I Cfs
changes the current file system, that is, the file tree to which
commands
RB ( check ,
BR clri ,
BR create ,
BR newuser ,
BR profile ,
BR remove ,
and
BR users )
apply.
The initial
I filesystem
is
BR main .
PP
I Check
verifies the consistency of the current file system.
With no options it checks and reports the status.
It suspends service while running.
Options are:
TF touch
PD
TP
B rdall
Read every block in the file system (can take a
I long
time).
Normally,
I check
will stop short of the actual contents
of a file and just verify the block addresses.
TP
B tag
Fix bad
IR tags ;
each block has a tag that acts as a backwards pointer for
consistency checking.
TP
B ream
Fix bad tags
and also clear the contents
of blocks that have bad tags.
TP
B pfile
Print every file name.
TP
B pdir
Print every directory name.
TP
B free
Rebuild the list of free blocks
with all blocks that are not referenced.
This option is only useful on non-cache/WORM
file systems.
TP
B bad
Each block address that is out of range or duplicate is cleared.
Note that only the second and subsequent
use of a block is cleared.
Often the problems in a file system are
caused by one bad file that has a lot of
garbage block addresses.
In such a case,
it is wiser to use
I check
to find the bad file
(by number of diagnostic messages)
and then use
I clri
to clear the addresses in that file.
After that,
I check
can be used to reclaim the free list.
TP
B touch
Cause every directory and indirect block not on the current WORM disk
to be advanced to the current WORM on the next dump.
This is a discredited idea to try to keep operating
on the knee of the cache working set.
Buy more cache disk.
PP
I Clri
clears the internal directory entry and abandons storage
associated with
IR files .
It ignores the usual rules for sanity, such as checking against
removing a non-empty directory.
A subsequent
B check
B free
will place the abandoned storage in the free list.
PP
I Cpu
prints the CPU utilization and state of the processes in the file server.
If the name of a process type argument is given,
then CPU utilization for only those processes is printed.
PP
I Create
creates a file on the current file system.
I Uid
and
I gid
are names or numbers from
BR /adm/users .
I Perm
is the low 9 bits of the permission mode of the file, in octal.
An optional final
BR l ,
BR a ,
or
BR d
creates a locked file, append-only file, or directory.
PP
I Cwcmd
controls the cached WORM file systems.  The subcommands are:
TP
BI mvstate " state1 state2 " [ platter ]
States are
BR none ,
BR dirty ,
BR dump ,
BR dump1 ,
BR error ,
BR read ,
and
BR write .
A
B mvstate
B dump1
B dump
will cause I/O errors in the last dump to be retried.
A
B mvstate
B dump1
B write
will cause I/O errors in the last dump to be retried in
reallocated slots in the next dump.
A
B mvstate
B read
B none
will flush the cache associated with the WORM.
A
B mvstate
B dump
B write
aborts the background process dumping to WORM; as a consequence it
leaves holes in the dump file system.
Other uses are possible but arcane.
The optional
I platter
limits affected blocks to those on that platter.
TP
BR prchain " [\fIstart\fP] [\fLback\fP]
Print the chain of superblocks for the directory containing the
roots of the dumped file systems, starting at block number
I start
(default 0) going forward (backwards if
B back
is supplied).
TP
BR savecache " [\fIpercent\fP]
Copy the block numbers, in native endian longwords, of blocks in the
B read
state to the file
BR /adm/cache
for use by
BR disk/exsort .
If an argument is given,
then that percent (most recently used) of each cache bucket
is copied.
TP
BR loadcache " [\fIdskno\fP]
Read
B /adm/cache
and for every block there on WORM disk
IR dskno ,
read the block from WORM to the cache.
If
I dskno
is not supplied, all blocks in
B /adm/cache
are read.
TP
BR startdump \ [ 01 ]
Suspend
RB ( 0 )
or restart
RB ( 1 )
the background dump process.
TP
B touchsb
Verify that the superblock on the WORM is readable, ignoring the cached copy.
TP
B acct
Prints how many times each user has caused the system to allocate new space on the WORM;
the units are megabytes.
TP
B clearacct
Clears the accounting records for
BR acct .
PP
I Date
prints the current date.  It may be adjusted
using
BI +- seconds\f1.
With no sign, it sets the date to the absolute number of seconds
since 00:00 Jan 1, 1970 GMT; with a sign it trims the current
time.
PP
I Duallow
sets permissions such that
the named
I user
can read and search any directories.
This is the permission necessary to do a
IR du (1)
command anywhere in the file system to discover disk usage.
PP
I Dump
starts a dump to WORM immediately for all file systems that have
a WORM associated.
File service is suspended while the cache is scanned;
service resumes when the copy to WORM starts.
PP
I Files
prints for every connection the number of allocated fids.
PP
I Fstat
prints the current status of each named
IR file ,
including uid, gid, wuid (uid of the last user to modify the file),
size, qid, and disk addresses.
PP
I Flag
toggles flags, initially all off:
TF attachxx
TP
B arp
Report ARP activity.
TP
B attach
Report as connections are made to the file server.
TP
B chat
(Very noisy.)  Print all 9P messages to and from the server.
TP
B route
Report received RIP packets.
TP
B ro
Report I/O on the WORM device.
PD
PP
If given a second numeric
I channel
argument,
as reported by
IR who ,
the flag is altered only on that connection.
PP
I Halt
does a
B sync
and halts the machine, returning to the boot ROM.
PP
I Hangup
clunks all the fids on the named
IR channel ,
which has the same format as in the output of the
I who
command.
PP
I Newuser
requires a
I name
argument.
With no options it adds user
IR name ,
with group leader
IR name ,
to
B /adm/users
and makes the directory
BI /usr/ name
owned by user and group
IR name .
The options are
TF =leaderxx
TP
B ?
Print the entry for
IR name .
TP
B :
Add a group: add the name to
B /adm/users
but don't create the directory.
By convention, groups are numbered starting from 10000, users from 0.
TP
I newname
Rename existing user
I name
to
IR newname .
TP
BI = leader
Change the leader of
I name
to
IR leader .
If
I leader
is missing, remove the existing leader.
TP
BI + member
Add
I member
to the member list of
IR name .
TP
BI - member
Remove existing
I member
from the member list of
IR name .
PD
PP
After a successful
I newuser
command the file server overwrites
B /adm/users
to reflect the internal state of the user table.
PP
I Noattach
disables
IR attach (5)
messages, in particular for system maintenance.
Previously attached connections are unaffected.
Another
I noattach
will enable normal behavior.
PP
I Passwd
sets the machine's password and writes it in non-volatile RAM.
PP
I Profile
B 0
clears the profiling buffer and enables profiling;
I profile
B 1
stops profiling and writes the data to
B /adm/kprofdata
for use by
B kprof
(see
IR prof (1)).
If a number is not specified, the profiling state toggles.
PP
I Remove
removes
IR files .
PP
I Route
maintains an IP routing table.  The
I subcommands
are:
TF "add dest gate mask"
TP
B add \f2dest gate \fP[\f2mask\fP]
Add a static route from IP address
I dest
using gateway
I gate
with an optional subnet
IR mask .
TP
B delete \f2dest\fP
Delete an entry from the routing table.
TP
B print
Display the contents of the routing table.
TP
B ripon
Enables the table to be filled from RIP packets.
TP
B ripoff
Disables the table from being updated by RIP packets.
PD
PP
The
I stat
commands are connected with a service or device identified by the
last character of the name:
BR c ,
Cyclone fiber link;
BR d ,
SCSI targets;
BR e ,
Eagle Ethernet controller;
BR j ,
Jaguar SCSI/VME disk controller;
BR l ,
LANCE Ethernet controller;
BR w ,
cached WORM.
The
I Statp
command prints statistics about processes; an optional argument identifies the
process to be displayed;
I stata
prints overall statistics about the file system.
The
I stats
command takes an optional argument identifying the characters
of
I stat
commands to run.  The option is remembered and becomes the
default for subsequent
I stats
commands if it begins with a minus sign.
PP
I Sync
writes dirty blocks in memory to the magnetic disk cache.
PP
I Time
reports the time required to execute the
IR command .
PP
I Trace
with no options prints the set of queue-locks held by each process in
the file server.  If things are quiescent, there should be no output.
With an argument
I number
it prints a stack traceback of that process.
PP
I Users
uses the contents of
I file
(default
BR /adm/users )
to initialize the file server's internal representation of the users
structure.
Incorrectly formatted entries in
I file
will be ignored.
If file is explicitly
BR default ,
the system builds a minimal functional users table internally;
this can help recover from disasters.
If the
I file
cannot be read, you
I must
run
IP
EX
users default
EE
PP
for the system to function.  The
B default
table looks like this:
IP
EX
-1:adm:adm:
0:none:adm:
1:tor:tor:
10000:sys::
10001:map:map:
10002:doc::
10003:upas:upas:
10004:font::
10005:bootes:bootes:
EE
PP
I Version
reports when the file server was last compiled and last rebooted.
PP
I Who
reports, one per line, the names of users connected to the file server and the
status of their connections.
The first number printed on each line is the channel number of the connection.
If
I users
are given the output selects connections owned by those users.
PP
I Wormeject
moves the WORM disk in slot
I tunit
to the output shelf.
PP
I Wormingest
moves the WORM disk from the input shelf to
slot
IR tunit .
PP
When the file server boots, it prints the message
IP
EX
for config mode hit a key within 5 seconds
EE
PP
If a character is typed within 5 seconds of the message appearing,
the server will enter config mode.
See
IR fsconfig (8)
for the commands available in config mode.
The system also enters config mode if, at boot time,
the non-volatile RAM does not appear to contain a valid configuration.
PP
I Exsort
is a regular command to be run on a CPU server, not on the file server
console.
It reads the named
I file
(default
BR /adm/cache )
and sorts the cache disk block numbers contained therein.
It assumes the numbers are 4-byte integers and guesses the
endianness by looking at the data.
It then prints statistics about the cache.
With option
B -w
it writes the sorted data back to
IR file .
SH SOURCE
B /sys/src/fs
br
B /sys/src/cmd/disk/exsort.c
SH SEE ALSO
IR fs (4)
br
Ken Thompson,
``The Plan 9 File Server''.

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