To use this tool, first run `python -Qwarnall yourscript.py 2>warnings'.
This runs the script `yourscript.py' while writing warning messages
about all uses of the classic division operator to the file
`warnings'. The warnings look like this:
The warnings are written to stderr, so you must use `2>' for the I/O
redirect. I know of no way to redirect stderr on Windows in a DOS
box, so you will have to modify the script to set sys.stderr to some
kind of log file if you want to do this on Windows.
The warnings are not limited to the script; modules imported by the
script may also trigger warnings. In fact a useful technique is to
write a test script specifically intended to exercise all code in a
particular module or set of modules.
Then run `python fixdiv.py warnings'. This first reads the warnings,
looking for classic division warnings, and sorts them by file name and
line number. Then, for each file that received at least one warning,
it parses the file and tries to match the warnings up to the division
operators found in the source code. If it is successful, it writes
its findings to stdout, preceded by a line of dashes and a line of the
form:
Index: <file>
If the only findings found are suggestions to change a / operator into
a // operator, the output is acceptable input for the Unix 'patch'
program.
Here are the possible messages on stdout (N stands for a line number):
- A plain-diff-style change ('NcN', a line marked by '<', a line
containing '---', and a line marked by '>'):
A / operator was found that should be changed to //. This is the
recommendation when only int and/or long arguments were seen.
- 'True division / operator at line N' and a line marked by '=':
A / operator was found that can remain unchanged. This is the
recommendation when only float and/or complex arguments were seen.
- 'Ambiguous / operator (..., ...) at line N', line marked by '?':
A / operator was found for which int or long as well as float or
complex arguments were seen. This is highly unlikely; if it occurs,
you may have to restructure the code to keep the classic semantics,
or maybe you don't care about the classic semantics.
- 'No conclusive evidence on line N', line marked by '*':
A / operator was found for which no warnings were seen. This could
be code that was never executed, or code that was only executed
with user-defined objects as arguments. You will have to
investigate further. Note that // can be overloaded separately from
/, using __floordiv__. True division can also be separately
overloaded, using __truediv__. Classic division should be the same
as either of those. (XXX should I add a warning for division on
user-defined objects, to disambiguate this case from code that was
never executed?)
- 'Phantom ... warnings for line N', line marked by '*':
A warning was seen for a line not containing a / operator. The most
likely cause is a warning about code executed by 'exec' or eval()
(see note below), or an indirect invocation of the / operator, for
example via the div() function in the operator module. It could
also be caused by a change to the file between the time the test
script was run to collect warnings and the time fixdiv was run.
- 'More than one / operator in line N'; or
'More than one / operator per statement in lines N-N':
The scanner found more than one / operator on a single line, or in a
statement split across multiple lines. Because the warnings
framework doesn't (and can't) show the offset within the line, and
the code generator doesn't always give the correct line number for
operations in a multi-line statement, we can't be sure whether all
operators in the statement were executed. To be on the safe side,
by default a warning is issued about this case. In practice, these
cases are usually safe, and the -m option suppresses these warning.
- 'Can't find the / operator in line N', line marked by '*':
This really shouldn't happen. It means that the tokenize module
reported a '/' operator but the line it returns didn't contain a '/'
character at the indicated position.
- 'Bad warning for line N: XYZ', line marked by '*':
This really shouldn't happen. It means that a 'classic XYZ
division' warning was read with XYZ being something other than
'int', 'long', 'float', or 'complex'.
Notes:
- The augmented assignment operator /= is handled the same way as the
/ operator.
- This tool never looks at the // operator; no warnings are ever
generated for use of this operator.
- This tool never looks at the / operator when a future division
statement is in effect; no warnings are generated in this case, and
because the tool only looks at files for which at least one classic
division warning was seen, it will never look at files containing a
future division statement.
- Warnings may be issued for code not read from a file, but executed
using an exec statement or the eval() function. These may have
<string> in the filename position, in which case the fixdiv script
will attempt and fail to open a file named '<string>' and issue a
warning about this failure; or these may be reported as 'Phantom'
warnings (see above). You're on your own to deal with these. You
could make all recommended changes and add a future division
statement to all affected files, and then re-run the test script; it
should not issue any warnings. If there are any, and you have a
hard time tracking down where they are generated, you can use the
-Werror option to force an error instead of a first warning,
generating a traceback.
- The tool should be run from the same directory as that from which
the original script was run, otherwise it won't be able to open
files given by relative pathnames.
"""
import sys
import getopt
import re
import tokenize
multi_ok = 0
def main():
try:
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "hm")
except getopt.error, msg:
usage(msg)
return 2
for o, a in opts:
if o == "-h":
print __doc__
return
if o == "-m":
global multi_ok
multi_ok = 1
if not args:
usage("at least one file argument is required")
return 2
if args[1:]:
sys.stderr.write("%s: extra file arguments ignored\n", sys.argv[0])
warnings = readwarnings(args[0])
if warnings is None:
return 1
files = warnings.keys()
if not files:
print "No classic division warnings read from", args[0]
return
files.sort()
exit = None
for filename in files:
x = process(filename, warnings[filename])
exit = exit or x
return exit
def readwarnings(warningsfile):
prog = re.compile(PATTERN)
try:
f = open(warningsfile)
except IOError, msg:
sys.stderr.write("can't open: %s\n" % msg)
return
warnings = {}
while 1:
line = f.readline()
if not line:
break
m = prog.match(line)
if not m:
if line.find("division") >= 0:
sys.stderr.write("Warning: ignored input " + line)
continue
filename, lineno, what = m.groups()
list = warnings.get(filename)
if list is None:
warnings[filename] = list = []
list.append((int(lineno), intern(what)))
f.close()
return warnings
def process(filename, list):
print "-"*70
assert list # if this fails, readwarnings() is broken
try:
fp = open(filename)
except IOError, msg:
sys.stderr.write("can't open: %s\n" % msg)
return 1
print "Index:", filename
f = FileContext(fp)
list.sort()
index = 0 # list[:index] has been processed, list[index:] is still to do
g = tokenize.generate_tokens(f.readline)
while 1:
startlineno, endlineno, slashes = lineinfo = scanline(g)
if startlineno is None:
break
assert startlineno <= endlineno is not None
orphans = []
while index < len(list) and list[index][0] < startlineno:
orphans.append(list[index])
index += 1
if orphans:
reportphantomwarnings(orphans, f)
warnings = []
while index < len(list) and list[index][0] <= endlineno:
warnings.append(list[index])
index += 1
if not slashes and not warnings:
pass
elif slashes and not warnings:
report(slashes, "No conclusive evidence")
elif warnings and not slashes:
reportphantomwarnings(warnings, f)
else:
if len(slashes) > 1:
if not multi_ok:
rows = []
lastrow = None
for (row, col), line in slashes:
if row == lastrow:
continue
rows.append(row)
lastrow = row
assert rows
if len(rows) == 1:
print "*** More than one / operator in line", rows[0]
else:
print "*** More than one / operator per statement",
print "in lines %d-%d" % (rows[0], rows[-1])
intlong = []
floatcomplex = []
bad = []
for lineno, what in warnings:
if what in ("int", "long"):
intlong.append(what)
elif what in ("float", "complex"):
floatcomplex.append(what)
else:
bad.append(what)
lastrow = None
for (row, col), line in slashes:
if row == lastrow:
continue
lastrow = row
line = chop(line)
if line[col:col+1] != "/":
print "*** Can't find the / operator in line %d:" % row
print "*", line
continue
if bad:
print "*** Bad warning for line %d:" % row, bad
print "*", line
elif intlong and not floatcomplex:
print "%dc%d" % (row, row)
print "<", line
print "---"
print ">", line[:col] + "/" + line[col:]
elif floatcomplex and not intlong:
print "True division / operator at line %d:" % row
print "=", line
elif intlong and floatcomplex:
print "*** Ambiguous / operator (%s, %s) at line %d:" % (
"|".join(intlong), "|".join(floatcomplex), row)
print "?", line
fp.close()
def reportphantomwarnings(warnings, f):
blocks = []
lastrow = None
lastblock = None
for row, what in warnings:
if row != lastrow:
lastblock = [row]
blocks.append(lastblock)
lastblock.append(what)
for block in blocks:
row = block[0]
whats = "/".join(block[1:])
print "*** Phantom %s warnings for line %d:" % (whats, row)
f.report(row, mark="*")
def report(slashes, message):
lastrow = None
for (row, col), line in slashes:
if row != lastrow:
print "*** %s on line %d:" % (message, row)
print "*", chop(line)
lastrow = row
class FileContext:
def __init__(self, fp, window=5, lineno=1):
self.fp = fp
self.window = 5
self.lineno = 1
self.eoflookahead = 0
self.lookahead = []
self.buffer = []
def fill(self):
while len(self.lookahead) < self.window and not self.eoflookahead:
line = self.fp.readline()
if not line:
self.eoflookahead = 1
break
self.lookahead.append(line)
def readline(self):
self.fill()
if not self.lookahead:
return ""
line = self.lookahead.pop(0)
self.buffer.append(line)
self.lineno += 1
return line
def truncate(self):
del self.buffer[-window:]
def __getitem__(self, index):
self.fill()
bufstart = self.lineno - len(self.buffer)
lookend = self.lineno + len(self.lookahead)
if bufstart <= index < self.lineno:
return self.buffer[index - bufstart]
if self.lineno <= index < lookend:
return self.lookahead[index - self.lineno]
raise KeyError
def report(self, first, last=None, mark="*"):
if last is None:
last = first
for i in range(first, last+1):
try:
line = self[first]
except KeyError:
line = "<missing line>"
print mark, chop(line)
def scanline(g):
slashes = []
startlineno = None
endlineno = None
for type, token, start, end, line in g:
endlineno = end[0]
if startlineno is None:
startlineno = endlineno
if token in ("/", "/="):
slashes.append((start, line))
if type == tokenize.NEWLINE:
break
return startlineno, endlineno, slashes
def chop(line):
if line.endswith("\n"):
return line[:-1]
else:
return line
