\section{\module{zipfile} ---
        Work with ZIP archives}

\declaremodule{standard}{zipfile}
\modulesynopsis{Read and write ZIP-format archive files.}
\moduleauthor{James C. Ahlstrom}{[email protected]}
\sectionauthor{James C. Ahlstrom}{[email protected]}
% LaTeX markup by Fred L. Drake, Jr. <[email protected]>

\versionadded{1.6}

The ZIP file format is a common archive and compression standard.
This module provides tools to create, read, write, append, and list a
ZIP file.  Any advanced use of this module will require an
understanding of the format, as defined in
\citetitle[http://www.pkware.com/business_and_developers/developer/appnote/]
{PKZIP Application Note}.

This module does not currently handle ZIP files which have appended
comments, or multi-disk ZIP files. It can handle ZIP files that use the
ZIP64 extensions (that is ZIP files that are more than 4 GByte in size).

The available attributes of this module are:

\begin{excdesc}{error}
 The error raised for bad ZIP files.
\end{excdesc}

\begin{excdesc}{LargeZipFile}
 The error raised when a ZIP file would require ZIP64 functionality but that
 has not been enabled.
\end{excdesc}

\begin{classdesc*}{ZipFile}
 The class for reading and writing ZIP files.  See
 ``\citetitle{ZipFile Objects}'' (section \ref{zipfile-objects}) for
 constructor details.
\end{classdesc*}

\begin{classdesc*}{PyZipFile}
 Class for creating ZIP archives containing Python libraries.
\end{classdesc*}

\begin{classdesc}{ZipInfo}{\optional{filename\optional{, date_time}}}
 Class used to represent information about a member of an archive.
 Instances of this class are returned by the \method{getinfo()} and
 \method{infolist()} methods of \class{ZipFile} objects.  Most users
 of the \module{zipfile} module will not need to create these, but
 only use those created by this module.
 \var{filename} should be the full name of the archive member, and
 \var{date_time} should be a tuple containing six fields which
 describe the time of the last modification to the file; the fields
 are described in section \ref{zipinfo-objects}, ``ZipInfo Objects.''
\end{classdesc}

\begin{funcdesc}{is_zipfile}{filename}
 Returns \code{True} if \var{filename} is a valid ZIP file based on its magic
 number, otherwise returns \code{False}.  This module does not currently
 handle ZIP files which have appended comments.
\end{funcdesc}

\begin{datadesc}{ZIP_STORED}
 The numeric constant for an uncompressed archive member.
\end{datadesc}

\begin{datadesc}{ZIP_DEFLATED}
 The numeric constant for the usual ZIP compression method.  This
 requires the zlib module.  No other compression methods are
 currently supported.
\end{datadesc}


\begin{seealso}
 \seetitle[http://www.pkware.com/business_and_developers/developer/appnote/]
          {PKZIP Application Note}{Documentation on the ZIP file format by
           Phil Katz, the creator of the format and algorithms used.}

 \seetitle[http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/]{Info-ZIP Home Page}{
           Information about the Info-ZIP project's ZIP archive
           programs and development libraries.}
\end{seealso}


\subsection{ZipFile Objects \label{zipfile-objects}}

\begin{classdesc}{ZipFile}{file\optional{, mode\optional{, compression\optional{, allowZip64}}}}
 Open a ZIP file, where \var{file} can be either a path to a file
 (a string) or a file-like object.  The \var{mode} parameter
 should be \code{'r'} to read an existing file, \code{'w'} to
 truncate and write a new file, or \code{'a'} to append to an
 existing file.  For \var{mode} is \code{'a'} and \var{file}
 refers to an existing ZIP file, then additional files are added to
 it.  If \var{file} does not refer to a ZIP file, then a new ZIP
 archive is appended to the file.  This is meant for adding a ZIP
 archive to another file, such as \file{python.exe}.  Using

\begin{verbatim}
cat myzip.zip >> python.exe
\end{verbatim}

 also works, and at least \program{WinZip} can read such files.
 \var{compression} is the ZIP compression method to use when writing
 the archive, and should be \constant{ZIP_STORED} or
 \constant{ZIP_DEFLATED}; unrecognized values will cause
 \exception{RuntimeError} to be raised.  If \constant{ZIP_DEFLATED}
 is specified but the \refmodule{zlib} module is not available,
 \exception{RuntimeError} is also raised.  The default is
 \constant{ZIP_STORED}.
 If \var{allowZip64} is \code{True} zipfile will create ZIP files that use
 the ZIP64 extensions when the zipfile is larger than 2 GB. If it is
 false (the default) \module{zipfile} will raise an exception when the
 ZIP file would require ZIP64 extensions. ZIP64 extensions are disabled by
 default because the default \program{zip} and \program{unzip} commands on
 \UNIX{} (the InfoZIP utilities) don't support these extensions.
\end{classdesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{close}{}
 Close the archive file.  You must call \method{close()} before
 exiting your program or essential records will not be written.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{getinfo}{name}
 Return a \class{ZipInfo} object with information about the archive
 member \var{name}.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{infolist}{}
 Return a list containing a \class{ZipInfo} object for each member of
 the archive.  The objects are in the same order as their entries in
 the actual ZIP file on disk if an existing archive was opened.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{namelist}{}
 Return a list of archive members by name.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{printdir}{}
 Print a table of contents for the archive to \code{sys.stdout}.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{read}{name}
 Return the bytes of the file in the archive.  The archive must be
 open for read or append.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{testzip}{}
 Read all the files in the archive and check their CRC's and file
 headers.  Return the name of the first bad file, or else return \code{None}.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{write}{filename\optional{, arcname\optional{,
                         compress_type}}}
 Write the file named \var{filename} to the archive, giving it the
 archive name \var{arcname} (by default, this will be the same as
 \var{filename}, but without a drive letter and with leading path
 separators removed).  If given, \var{compress_type} overrides the
 value given for the \var{compression} parameter to the constructor
 for the new entry.  The archive must be open with mode \code{'w'}
 or \code{'a'}.

 \note{There is no official file name encoding for ZIP files.
 If you have unicode file names, please convert them to byte strings
 in your desired encoding before passing them to \method{write()}.
 WinZip interprets all file names as encoded in CP437, also known
 as DOS Latin.}

 \note{Archive names should be relative to the archive root, that is,
       they should not start with a path separator.}
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{writestr}{zinfo_or_arcname, bytes}
 Write the string \var{bytes} to the archive; \var{zinfo_or_arcname}
 is either the file name it will be given in the archive, or a
 \class{ZipInfo} instance.  If it's an instance, at least the
 filename, date, and time must be given.  If it's a name, the date
 and time is set to the current date and time. The archive must be
 opened with mode \code{'w'} or \code{'a'}.
\end{methoddesc}


The following data attribute is also available:

\begin{memberdesc}{debug}
 The level of debug output to use.  This may be set from \code{0}
 (the default, no output) to \code{3} (the most output).  Debugging
 information is written to \code{sys.stdout}.
\end{memberdesc}


\subsection{PyZipFile Objects \label{pyzipfile-objects}}

The \class{PyZipFile} constructor takes the same parameters as the
\class{ZipFile} constructor.  Instances have one method in addition to
those of \class{ZipFile} objects.

\begin{methoddesc}[PyZipFile]{writepy}{pathname\optional{, basename}}
 Search for files \file{*.py} and add the corresponding file to the
 archive.  The corresponding file is a \file{*.pyo} file if
 available, else a \file{*.pyc} file, compiling if necessary.  If the
 pathname is a file, the filename must end with \file{.py}, and just
 the (corresponding \file{*.py[co]}) file is added at the top level
 (no path information).  If it is a directory, and the directory is
 not a package directory, then all the files \file{*.py[co]} are
 added at the top level.  If the directory is a package directory,
 then all \file{*.py[oc]} are added under the package name as a file
 path, and if any subdirectories are package directories, all of
 these are added recursively.  \var{basename} is intended for
 internal use only.  The \method{writepy()} method makes archives
 with file names like this:

\begin{verbatim}
   string.pyc                                # Top level name
   test/__init__.pyc                         # Package directory
   test/testall.pyc                          # Module test.testall
   test/bogus/__init__.pyc                   # Subpackage directory
   test/bogus/myfile.pyc                     # Submodule test.bogus.myfile
\end{verbatim}
\end{methoddesc}


\subsection{ZipInfo Objects \label{zipinfo-objects}}

Instances of the \class{ZipInfo} class are returned by the
\method{getinfo()} and \method{infolist()} methods of
\class{ZipFile} objects.  Each object stores information about a
single member of the ZIP archive.

Instances have the following attributes:

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{filename}
 Name of the file in the archive.
\end{memberdesc}

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{date_time}
 The time and date of the last modification to the archive
 member.  This is a tuple of six values:

\begin{tableii}{c|l}{code}{Index}{Value}
 \lineii{0}{Year}
 \lineii{1}{Month (one-based)}
 \lineii{2}{Day of month (one-based)}
 \lineii{3}{Hours (zero-based)}
 \lineii{4}{Minutes (zero-based)}
 \lineii{5}{Seconds (zero-based)}
\end{tableii}
\end{memberdesc}

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{compress_type}
 Type of compression for the archive member.
\end{memberdesc}

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{comment}
 Comment for the individual archive member.
\end{memberdesc}

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{extra}
 Expansion field data.  The
 \citetitle[http://www.pkware.com/business_and_developers/developer/appnote/]
 {PKZIP Application Note} contains some comments on the internal
 structure of the data contained in this string.
\end{memberdesc}

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{create_system}
 System which created ZIP archive.
\end{memberdesc}

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{create_version}
 PKZIP version which created ZIP archive.
\end{memberdesc}

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{extract_version}
 PKZIP version needed to extract archive.
\end{memberdesc}

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{reserved}
 Must be zero.
\end{memberdesc}

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{flag_bits}
 ZIP flag bits.
\end{memberdesc}

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{volume}
 Volume number of file header.
\end{memberdesc}

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{internal_attr}
 Internal attributes.
\end{memberdesc}

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{external_attr}
External file attributes.
\end{memberdesc}

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{header_offset}
 Byte offset to the file header.
\end{memberdesc}

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{CRC}
 CRC-32 of the uncompressed file.
\end{memberdesc}

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{compress_size}
 Size of the compressed data.
\end{memberdesc}

\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{file_size}
 Size of the uncompressed file.
\end{memberdesc}

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