This is a text-only version of the following page on https://raymii.org:

This is a text-only version of the following page on https://raymii.org:
---
Title : Retro PC Ads - 1975 Sphere 1
Author : Remy van Elst
Date : 29-05-2019
URL : https://raymii.org/s/articles/Retro_PC_Ads_1975_Sphere_1.html
Format : Markdown/HTML
---

In this series of articles I'll cover old computer advertisements. You might
know I like retro computers like the [PDP-8][7] and [OpenVMS][8], but these old
magazine advertisements show a whole range of other cool systems. Both for
consumers and businesses, including pricing and technical terms. In the series
I'll look at the advertisements, give you some history and if available, current
status and other fun facts on the system.

[All articles in the retro PC ads series are found here][10].

 Recently I removed all Google Ads from this site due to their invasive tracking, as well as Google Analytics. Please, if you found this content useful, consider a small donation using any of the options below: <a href="https://leafnode.nl">I'm developing an open source monitoring app called Leaf Node Monitoring, for windows, linux & android. Go check it out!</a> <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/RaymiiOrg/">Consider sponsoring me on Github. It means the world to me if you show your appreciation and you'll help pay the server costs.</a> <a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/?refcode=7435ae6b8212">You can also sponsor me by getting a Digital Ocean VPS. With this referral link you'll get $100 credit for 60 days. </a> 

### 1975: Sphere 1

The Sphere 1 was a personal computer from 1975 built around the Motorola 6800
CPU. It was built by Sphere Corporation, located in Bountiful, Utah. Marketed as
the first real computer (due to having a built in keyboard and monitor) targeted
at consumers, it ran PDS (program development system) and included an editor,
assembler and an edition of BASIC. The first few editions came as a kit, later
on fully assembled units were available.

#### The advertisement

> The Sphere 1 computer system was designed to provide an uncompromising
computer system at minimal cost.

![sphere][2]

Original size: [page 1][3] & [page 2][4].

Source: [The computer "system" concept [Advertisement]. (1975, September). BYTE
Magazine, 1(1), 0-100. A computer with built-in console terminal from sphere][1]

The advertisement is located in the first issue of Byte magazine. Byte magazine
was a computer magazine started in 1975, all of the old issues can be read
online [the archive.org][5].

The two page advertisement starts off with a big header stating that it shipped
with a built in console terminal. In that timeperiod, most computers were big
bulky business mainframes, had front panels with lights and switches or had to
be plugged in to a television. So providing an all in one system was a big
selling point for businesses. The front panel was replaced by the operating
system (named Program Development System or PDS) allowing users to type in their
commands instead of toggling switches and reading memory addresses from lights.

The power supply is in a seperate chassis, to eliminate heat, therefore the
system had no built in fan. The terminal provided with the system has a 16x32
character resolution, the keyboard has 23 keys, including a numeric keypad. I'm
not sure if it was a seperate numpad block or if it was a number row since the
pictures show different keyboards. The keyboard has "tactile feed keyswitches",
2-key rollover and a star cursor block (not the arrow key layout we have today,
that's an inverse T layout).

This is a picture of a later model Sphere 1:

![][6]

[source][11]

The system has 4K of RAM and can be extended with a memory board to 16K of RAM.
More RAM was required for the extended BASIC package. The CPU, the Motorola
6800, is an 8-bit CPU and ran at 1 MHz. Different peripherals were available, in
the ad it states printers, paper tape readers and floppy disks. There was a
programmable digital input output port where these plugged in, so I guess you
could only use one peripheral at a time.

The Sphere 1 included a keyboard operated reset feature consisting of two keys
wired in series that sent a reset signal to the CPU triggering a hard reboot.
Wise considered this to be the first keyboard activated reset, a predecessor to
the now-common Ctrl-Alt-Delete key combination. The Sphere keyboard has two
reset switches and both had to be press at the same time. One was in the upper
right of the keyboard and one was in the lower left, thus a reset required two
hands.

The operating system, as stated named PDS, was on 1K of read only memory. It
includes an editor, assembler and debugger. A BASIC package was available, the
advertisement lists all the supported BASIC commands. There is a mention of the
"FLOPPY DISK OPERATING SYSTEM", an extended version of PDS with extended tools
(editor, assembler, debugger) and support for a file structure (naming files).

Kits started at 650 US dollar for the "HOBBIEST" edition. 1345 US dollar got you
the full system with BASIC, the assembler, editor, terminal, cassette tape unit
and a modem.

I like that the advertisement starts off as a regular advertisement, but does a
technical deep dive right away. According to Wikipedia, the Sphere 1 was
discontinued in 1977 and sold 1300 units. The company, Sphere Co, [went
bankrupt][13] in that year. The inventor of the Sphere 1, Michael Wise, was the
president of Sphere Co. up until March 1976. He died in 2002.

Converting the price (inflation) to 2019, the systems comes in at 6338 US
dollar. ([source][12]). The Sphere Co. no longer exists but the creator of the
Sphere 1 (Michael), was later involved in the development of the TRS-80 and
Commodore PET.

Today in 2019, you can buy an iMac Pro for 4999 US dollar with the following
specs:

- 3.2GHz 8-core Intel Xeon W processor with turbo Boost up to 4.2GHz
- 32GB 2666MHz ECC RAM
- 1TB SSD storage
- Radeon Pro Vega GPU 56 with 8GB HBM2 memory
- 10Gb Ethernet
- Four Thunderbolt 3 ports
- 27-inch Retina 5K 5120-by-2880 P3 display

The Sphere 1 had the following specs:

- 1 MHz 8-bit Motorola 6800
- 4 Kb of RAM, expandable to 16 Kb
- 1 Kb of ROM for the OS
- 16x32 character video terminal
- Optional 600 Baud Modem
- Optional floppy drive (256,256 bytes, comparable to IBM 3540)
- Optional audio cassete tape drive (for storage)
- 23 key keyboard
- 1 I/O port

[A technical brochure of the Sphere 1 can be found here.][14]

[1]: https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1975-09/page/n95
[2]: https://raymii.org/s/inc/img/retroads/sphere1.png
[3]: https://raymii.org/s/inc/img/retroads/1975_09_BYTE_00-01_The_Worlds_Greatest_Toy_0095.jpg
[4]: https://raymii.org/s/inc/img/retroads/1975_09_BYTE_00-01_The_Worlds_Greatest_Toy_0096.jpg
[5]: https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine
[6]: https://raymii.org/s/inc/img/retroads/sphere1.jpg
[7]: https://raymii.org/s/tags/pidp8.html
[8]: https://raymii.org/s/tags/openvms.html
[10]: https://raymii.org/s/tags/retro-ads.html
[11]: http://sphere1.yolasite.com/
[12]: http://www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/1975?amount=1345
[13]: https://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Personal/Sphere1.html
[14]: https://raymii.org/s/inc/img/retroads/Sphere1_Brochure.pdf

---

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