This is a text-only version of the following page on https://raymii.org:

This is a text-only version of the following page on https://raymii.org:
---
Title : Bonding NIC Teaming on Ubuntu 12.04
Author : Remy van Elst
Date : 14-02-2014
URL : https://raymii.org/s/tutorials/NIC_Bonding_on_Ubuntu_12.04.html
Format : Markdown/HTML
---

Bonding, also called port trunking or link aggregation means combining several
network interfaces (NICs) to a single link, providing either high-availability,
load-balancing, maximum throughput, or a combination of these.

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**Warning! Make sure you have ILO/BMC out of band remote access to your server.
You are going to change vital network settings, this may result in loss of
connectivity if done wrong.**

### Install required packages

`ifenslave` is used to attach and detach slave network interfaces to a bonding
device. Install the package:

apt-get install ifenslave

### Kernel Module

Before Ubuntu can configure your network cards into a NIC bond, you need to
ensure that the correct kernel module `bonding` is present, and loaded at boot
time.

Edit the file:

vim /etc/modules

Add the word `bonding` to the file:

bonding

Also, load the module manually for now:

modprobe bonding

### Bonding network config

Edit the file:

vim /etc/network/interfaces

Example config for an round-robin load balancing setup:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet manual
bond-master bond0

auto eth1
iface eth1 inet manual
bond-master bond0

auto bond0
iface bond0 inet static
# For jumbo frames, change mtu to 9000
mtu 1500
address 172.16.20.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 172.16.20.0
broadcast 172.16.20.255
gateway 172.16.20.1
dns-nameservers 172.16.20.2
bond-miimon 100 # Specifies the MII link monitoring frequency in milliseconds. This determines how often the link state of each slave is inspected for link failures.
bond-downdelay 200 # Specifies the time, in milliseconds, to wait before disabling a slave after a link failure has been detected.
bond-updelay 200 # Specifies the time, in milliseconds, to wait before enabling a slave after a link recovery has been detected.
bond-mode 0
bond-slaves none # we already defined the interfaces above with bond-master

For round-robin/load balancing, use `bond-mode: balance-rr`.

### Bonding modes explained

#### Mode 0 - balance-rr

Round-robin policy: Transmit packets in sequential order from the first
available slave through the last. This mode provides load balancing and fault
tolerance.

#### Mode 1 - active-backup

Active-backup policy: Only one slave in the bond is active. A different slave
becomes active if, and only if, the active slave fails. The bond's MAC address
is externally visible on only one port (network adapter) to avoid confusing the
switch. This mode provides fault tolerance. The primary option affects the
behavior of this mode.

#### Mode 2 - balance-xor

XOR policy: Transmit based on [(source MAC address XOR'd with destination MAC
address) modulo slave count]. This selects the same slave for each destination
MAC address. This mode provides load balancing and fault tolerance.

#### Mode 3 - broadcast

Broadcast policy: transmits everything on all slave interfaces. This mode
provides fault tolerance.

#### Mode 4 - 802.3ad

IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation. Creates aggregation groups that share the
same speed and duplex settings. Utilizes all slaves in the active aggregator
according to the 802.3ad specification.

##### Prerequisites:

* Ethtool support in the base drivers for retrieving the speed and duplex of each slave.
* A switch that supports IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation (LACP) . Most switches will require some type of configuration to enable 802.3ad mode.

#### Mode 5 - balance-tlb

Adaptive transmit load balancing: channel bonding that does not require any
special switch support. The outgoing traffic is distributed according to the
current load (computed relative to the speed) on each slave. Incoming traffic is
received by the current slave. If the receiving slave fails, another slave takes
over the MAC address of the failed receiving slave.

##### Prerequisites:

* Ethtool support in the base drivers for retrieving the speed of each slave.

#### Mode 6 - balance-alb

Adaptive load balancing: includes balance-tlb plus receive load balancing (rlb)
for IPV4 traffic, and does not require any special switch support. The receive
load balancing is achieved by ARP negotiation. The bonding driver intercepts the
ARP Replies sent by the local system on their way out and overwrites the source
hardware address with the unique hardware address of one of the slaves in the
bond such that different peers use different hardware addresses for the server.

### Sources

* documentation on linux network bonding: <https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt>

[1]: https://www.digitalocean.com/?refcode=7435ae6b8212

---

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