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07/28 Open Thread - The Fourteenth Amendment [1]
['This Content Is Not Subject To Review Daily Kos Staff Prior To Publication.']
Date: 2025-07-28
On this day in 1866, Congress passed the Army Reorganization Act creating 6 regiments of black soldiers. These men became the famous Buffalo Soldiers. While the US was always desirous of more Indian fighters and other warriors and/or cannon fodder for other conflicts, the creation of these regiments was quite cynical, as was the creation of further such formations. The US military was to remain segregated along racial lines until July 26, 1948, when President Truman issued Executive Order 9981.
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On this day in 1868, the 14th Amendment to the US constitution was certified. This is a somewhat complicated hodge-podge of provisions. It should be remembered that, as written, the US Constitution left voting up to the states. To vote for members of the House, people had to qualify to vote for the "most numerous branch of the state legislature"- a qualification determined by state law. Senators were chosen by the state legislatures. The state also appointed "in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct" the electors who voted for the President and Vice President. Generally the state houses consisted of and were selected by white male property owners and no others. Further, direct taxes and seats in the House were apportioned based on state populations excludingIndians not taxed, a term of art that has been moot since about 1926 iirc. Got that? So let's take a look at it.
Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
1. People born here or naturalized are citizens of the US and the state they live in
2. States can't abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens or deprive ANY PERSON of life, liberty or property without due process of law (whatever the hell THAT is).
3. States can't deny ANY PERSON of equal protection of the laws
A real freaking blockbuster so far, n'est ce pas?
Section 2 apportions seats in the house based on the state population excluding Indians not taxed BUT
IF anybody is deprived of the right to vote in any election for electors for the Pres and VP, Congressional Reps, executive or judicial officers of a state or state legislators THEN the state's number of representatives shall be reduced in proportion to the number of denied voters divided by the state population. THAT, CHILDREN, IS THE ENTIRETY OF YOUR SO-CALLED "RIGHT TO VOTE", so read it closely, in the original, until you get it.
It is, however, OK to deny people the right to vote for participation in insurrection or rebellion or other crimes.
Section 3 says that if you ever had a federal or state gig of any type that required youto swear an oath to uphold the Constitution of the US and then engaged in insurrection or rebellion or gave aid or comfort to the enemies of the US then you can't hold federal or state office.
Section 4The validity of the public debt of the US shall not be questioned but neither the US nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave.
Section 5 Congress has the power to pass laws enforcing this (DUH).
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On This Day in 1917. the Silent Parade in New York City took place. An estimated 8 to 15 thousand Black US citizens marched in response to a series of racially motovated attacks and lynchings and to protest and draw attention to lynchings and other racially motivated violence against black people. It was hoped that Congress and/or the President might take some sort of action to stop such events, but they did zip shit. In fact nobody did zip shit until LBJ's 1968 Civil Rights Act and the 2022 Emmett Till Antilynching Act. The immediate aftermath was, in fact, that lynchings increased in number for at least the following 5 years.
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Meanwhile, on this date in 1915, the US Military Occupation of Haiti began. US Marines invaded Haiti and immediately imposed a military dictatorship where the US Marines ruled by martial law. It would last 19 years (actually longer), and involve the enslavement of huge numbers of Haitians through a so-called corvee system of forced labor which led to the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Haitians. The Marines, many of whom were racists, had no qualms about torturing and shooting Haitians, including massacring villages, some of which were even bombed. On December 17, 1914 the US Marines stole Haiti's entire gold reserve of $500,000 and shipped it off to the National City Bank's New York City vault. After slaughtering the people and raping the economy for 19 years, the US Marines finally pulled out on August 15, 1934, after first transferring power to a proxy army of Gendarmes created, organized, hired, trained and indoctrinated by said US Marines.
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On this day in history:
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1821 – José de San Martín declared the independence of Peru from Spain.
1866 – Vinnie Ream, then 18, became the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue
1866 - Congress passed the Army Reorganization Act creating 6 regiments of black soldiers.
1868 – The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution was certified
1896 – The city of Miami was incorporated.
1911 – The Australasian Antarctic Expedition began as the SY Aurora departed London.
1914 – In the culmination of the July Crisis, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, igniting World War I.
1915 – The United States began a 19-year occupation of Haiti.
1917 – The Silent Parade took place in New York City, in protest against murders, lynchings, and other violence directed towards African Americans.
1932 – U.S. president Herbert Hoover ordered the United States Army to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, D.C.
1935 – First flight of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.
1939 – The Sutton Hoo helmet was discovered.
1943 – The Royal Air Force bombed Hamburg, Germany causing a firestorm that killed 42,000 German civilians.
1945 – A U.S. Army B-25 bomber crashed into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 and injuring 26.
1962 – Beginning of the 8th World Festival of Youth and Students
1965 – U.S. President LBJ announced his order to up the number of US troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000.
1973 – Nearly 600,000 people attended a rock festival at the Watkins Glen International Raceway.
1976 – The Tangshan earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 moment magnitude flattened Tangshan in the People's Republic of China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851.
1996 – The remains of a prehistoric man were discovered near Kennewick, Washington.
2005 – The Provisional IRA ended its armed campaign against British rule in Northern Ireland.
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Some people who were born on this day:
Wherever morality is based on theology, wherever the right is made dependent on divine authority, the most immoral, unjust, infamous things can be justified and established.
~~ Ludwig Feuerbach
1458 – Jacopo Sannazaro, poet, humanist and epigrammist
1609 – Judith Leyster, painter
1796 – Ignaz Bösendorfer, businessman, founded the Bösendorfer Company
1804 – Ludwig Feuerbach, anthropologist and philosopher
1844 – Gerard Manley Hopkins, poet
1857 – Ballington Booth, activist, co-founded Volunteers of America
1866 – Beatrix Potter, children's book writer and illustrator
1867 – Charles Dillon Perrine, astronomer
1879 – Lucy Burns, activist, co-founded the National Woman's Party
1879 – Stefan Filipkiewicz, painter
1887 – Marcel Duchamp, painter and sculptor
1893 – Rued Langgaard, organist and composer
1901 – Rudy Vallée, actor, singer, and saxophonist
1902 – Sir Karl Popper, philosopher and academic
1907 – Earl Tupper, inventor and businessman, founded Tupperware Brands
1909 – Malcolm Lowry, novelist and poet
1914 – Carmen Dragon, conductor and composer
1915 – Charles Hard Townes, physicist and academic
1915 – Dick Sprang, illustrator
1915 – Frankie Yankovic, polka musician
1922 – Jacques Piccard, ceanographer and engineer
1923 – Ray Ellis, conductor and producer
1925 – Baruch Samuel Blumberg, physician and academic
1926 – Charlie Biddle, bassist
1930 – Junior Kimbrough, singer and guitarist
1938 – Arsen Dedić, singer, songwriter, and poet
1943 – Mike Bloomfield, guitarist and songwriter
1943 – Richard Wright, singer, songwriter, and keyboard player
1945 – Jim Davis, cartoonist, created Garfield
1946 – Jonathan Edwards, singer, songwriter, and guitarist
1948 – Gerald Casale, singer, songwriter, guitarist, and director
1948 – Eiichi Ohtaki, singer, songwriter, and producer
1950 – Shahyar Ghanbari, singer, songwriter
1951 – Gregg Giuffria, rock musician and businessman
1954 – Gerd Faltings, mathematician and academic
1954 – Steve Morse, singer, songwriter, and guitarist
1960 – Jon J. Muth, author and illustrator
1962 – Rachel Sweet, singer, television writer, and actress
1965 – Priscilla Chan, singer
1966 – Shikao Suga, singer, songwriter, and guitarist
1967 – Taka Hirose, bass player
1970 – Michael Amott, guitarist and songwriter
1971 – Stephen Lynch, singer, songwriter and actor
1973 – Marc Dupré, singer, songwriter, and guitarist
1976 – Jacoby Shaddix, singer, songwriter
1978 – Hitomi Yaida, singer, songwriter, and guitarist
1979 – Birgitta Haukdal, singer, songwriter, and producer
1979 – Lee Min-woo, singer, songwriter, and dancer
1993 – Cher Lloyd, singer
1994 – Hyojung, singer
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Some people who died on this day:
A pessimist is a man who tells the truth prematurely. Read more at
https://www.brainyquote.com/authors/cyrano-de-bergerac-quotes
~~ Cyrano de Bergerac
1631 – Guillén de Castro y Bellvis, playwright
1655 – Cyrano de Bergerac, poet and playwright
1667 – Abraham Cowley, poet and author
1741 – Antonio Vivaldi, violinist and composer
1750 – Johann Sebastian Bach, organist and composer
1818 – Gaspard Monge, mathematician and engineer
1838 – Bernhard Crusell, composer
1869 – Jan Evangelista Purkyně, anatomist and physiologist
1928 – Édouard-Henri Avril, painter
1930 – Allvar Gullstrand, ophthalmologist and optician
1942 – Flinders Petrie, archaeologist and academic
1963 – Carl Borgward, engineer, founder of Borgward Group
1968 – Otto Hahn, chemist and academic
1969 – Frank Loesser, composer
1972 – Helen Traubel, soprano and actress
1980 – Rose Rand, logician and philosopher, Vienna Circle member
1982 – Keith Green, singer, songwriter, and pianist
1996 – Roger Tory Peterson, ornithologist and academic
2002 – Archer John Porter Martin, chemist and academic
2003 – Valerie Goulding, activist and politician
2004 – Francis Crick, biologist and biophysicist
2012 – Colin Horsley, pianist and educator
2013 – Rita Reys, jazz singer
2021 – Dusty Hill, musician
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Some Holidays, Holy Days, Festivals, Feast Days, Days of Recognition, and such:
National Soccer Day
National Milk Chocolate Day
National Hamburger Day
Buffalo Soldiers Day
World Nature Conservation Day
World Hepatitis Day
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Today's Tunes
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Army Reorganization Act
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x YouTube Video
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US occupation of Haiti
x YouTube Video
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The silent parade
x YouTube Video
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LBJ troop increase
x YouTube Video
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Rued Langgaard
x YouTube Video
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Rudy Vallée
x YouTube Video
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Carmen Dragon
x YouTube Video
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Frankie Yankovic
x YouTube Video
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Charlie Biddle
x YouTube Video
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Junior Kimbrough
x YouTube Video
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Mike Bloomfield
x YouTube Video
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Richard Wright
x YouTube Video
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Gerald Casale
x YouTube Video
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Steve Morse
x YouTube Video
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Antonio Vivaldi
x YouTube Video
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Johann Sebastian Bach
x YouTube Video
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Bernhard Crusell
x YouTube Video
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Frank Loesser
x YouTube Video
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Roger Tory Peterson
x YouTube Video
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Rita Reys
x YouTube Video
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Dusty Hill
x YouTube Video
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1973 Watkins Glen Festival
x YouTube Video
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Ok, it's an open thread, so it's up to you folks now. What's on your mind?
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Cross posted from
http://caucus99percent.com
Open Thread, Buffalo Soldiers, Fourteenth Amendment, Silent March, Occupation of Haiti, LBJ, Mike Bloomfield, Vivaldi, Bach, Roger Tory Peterson, Dusty Hill, Watkins Glen Festival
[END]
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