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News on Both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes [1]
['This Content Is Not Subject To Review Daily Kos Staff Prior To Publication.']
Date: 2025-06-25
We have two big stories to delve into this week, suggesting cures for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. As always, we have to wait as early research is translated into full clinical trials and possible regulatory approval. But there is an astonishing number of such potential breakthroughs entering such trials.
That includes numerous methods for creating new beta cells for Type 1 sufferers, who have lost theirs to an autoimmune response, and cannot produce insulin on their own. It also includes deeper understanding of the mechanisms of insulin resistance in T2D, with a variety of possible paths to overcoming it.
Mitochondria (picture above) are the organelles inside that process glucose, storing the resulting energy as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for all of the varied cellular processes that require it.
Zimislecel
x 💥 🍃 🏥 New Stem Cell Therapy Effective for Severe Diabetes (Type 1)
🧪
Single treatment led to reduced or no need for insulin in all 12 patients New England Journal of Medicine Report
nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2506549
Gift Article NYT
[image or embed] — kinesinmotors.bsky.social (@kinesinmotors.bsky.social) June 21, 2025 at 4:35 PM
Stem Cell–Derived, Fully Differentiated Islets for Type 1 Diabetes
We conducted a phase 1–2 study of zimislecel in persons with type 1 diabetes. In part A, participants received a half dose of zimislecel (0.4×109 cells) as a single infusion into the portal vein, with an option for a second half dose within 2 years. In parts B and C, participants received a full dose of zimislecel (0.8×109 cells) as a single infusion. All the participants also received glucocorticoid-free immunosuppressive therapy. The primary end point in part A was safety. The primary end point in part C was freedom from severe hypoglycemic events during days 90 through 365, with a glycated hemoglobin level of less than 7% or a decrease of at least 1 percentage point from baseline in the glycated hemoglobin level at one or more time points between days 180 and 365. Secondary end points in part C included safety and insulin independence between days 180 and 365. Assessment of the primary and secondary end points in part C involved the participants who received the full dose of zimislecel as a single infusion in part B or C. Detection of serum C-peptide during a 4-hour mixed-meal tolerance test was used to assess engraftment and islet function. All the analyses were interim and not prespecified. A total of 14 participants (2 in part A and 12 in parts B and C) completed at least 12 months of follow-up and were included in the analyses. C-peptide was undetectable at baseline in all 14 participants. After zimislecel infusion, all the participants had engraftment and islet function, as evidenced by the detection of C-peptide. Neutropenia was the most common serious adverse event, occurring in 3 participants. Two deaths occurred — one caused by cryptococcal meningitis and one by severe dementia with agitation owing to the progression of preexisting neurocognitive impairment. All 12 participants in parts B and C were free of severe hypoglycemic events and had a glycated hemoglobin level of less than 7%; these participants spent more than 70% of the time in the target glucose range (70 to 180 mg per deciliter). Ten of the 12 participants (83%) had insulin independence and were not using exogenous insulin at day 365. Conclusions The results of this small, short-term study involving persons with type 1 diabetes support the hypothesis that zimislecel can restore physiologic islet function, warranting further clinical investigation. (Funded by Vertex Pharmaceuticals; VX-880-101 FORWARD ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04786262 .)
Zimislecel, a novel cell therapy, appears to restore islet function in type 1 diabetes
Stressed Mitochondria
Scientists identify a cellular 'switch' that could reverse type 2 diabetes
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