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Morning Open Thread: Women’s History, from an Exiled Queen to a Craft Beer Maven [1]
['This Content Is Not Subject To Review Daily Kos Staff Prior To Publication.']
Date: 2025-03-14
March is National Women’s History Month
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“There is a stubbornness about me
that can never bear to be frightened
at the will of others. My courage always
rises at every attempt to intimidate me.”
– spoken by Elizabeth Bennett
in Jane Austen’s novel
Pride and Prejudice
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“I’ve been absolutely terrified
every minute of my life — and I’ve
never let it keep me from doing a
single thing I wanted to do.”
– Georgia O’Keefe,
20th Century American Painter
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Women’s History for March 14th:
1489 – Caterina Cornaro, the last Queen of Cyprus, goes into exile, after being forced to abdicate, and sell to the Republic of Venice the administration of Cyprus.
1815 – Josephine Lang born, German composer and pianist, primarily noted for songs and choral works.
1822 – Teresa Cristina delle Due Sicilie (of the Two Sicilies) born; became Empress consort of Brazil when she married Dom Pedro II, the last monarch of the Empire of Brazil. Through raised in a repressive, ultra conservative family, she was interested in learning, particularly about the sciences and the arts. She gave birth to four children, but only her daughter Isabel lived to adulthood. Teresa Cristina won hearts of the Brazilian people with her patience, simplicity, kindness, and generosity, while keeping her distance from political controversy. She sponsored archaeological studies, and immigration of Italians to Brazil, and promoted Brazilian culture. She became known as “Mother of the Brazilians.” When the Imperial Family were sent into exile after a coup d'état staged by army officers in 1889, she was devastated to be forced to leave her beloved adopted country. A little more than a month after the monarchy's collapse, she died at age 67, grieving and despondent, of respiratory failure leading to cardiac arrest.
1833 – Lucy Hobbs Taylor born, women’s rights advocate, first American woman to graduate from dental school, as a Doctor of Dental Surgery. She had been denied entrance into dental schools between 1861 and 1865, so she practiced without a diploma until the Iowa State Dental Society supported her ambition for a college degree and demanded her admission, so she was accepted by the Ohio College of Dentistry. After graduation, she practiced for a short time in Chicago, then married James M. Taylor and taught him dentistry. The couple moved to Lawrence, Kansas, in December, 1867, opened a joint office, and built a prosperous practice.
1836 – Isabella Mayson Beeton born, author, cookery columnist, and journalist, “Mrs. Beeton,” known for her 1861 book Mrs Beeton’s Book of Household Management.
1851 – Anna C. Maxwell born, American nurse, served as superintendent for several nursing schools, and was involved in nursing in both the Spanish-American War and WWI. She was awarded the Medaille de l’Hygiene Publique by the French government for her work in WWI. Maxwell was one of the first women to be buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
1868 – Emily Murphy born, Canadian jurist, author, and activist, first woman magistrate not only in Canada, but in the British Empire. She was one of the ‘Famous Five’ whose ‘Persons Case’ which went all the way to the Privy Council of England, and established Canadian women as ‘persons’ under the law.
1887 – Sylvia Beach born, American ex-pat proprietor of Shakespeare & Company, the famous English-language bookstore in Paris which was a gathering place for ‘Lost Generation’ Americans, like Ernest Hemingway, Man Ray, Gertrude Stein and F. Scott Fitzgerald. Beach was the original publisher of James Joyce’s controversial novel Ulysses.
1894 – Osa Leighty Johnson born, American documentary filmmaker, author, and adventurer. With her husband Martin, she studied wildlife and peoples in East and Central Africa, South Pacific Islanders and aborigines of British North Borneo. They created feature films like Among the Cannibal Isles of the South Seas, Trailing Wild African Animals, Osa’s Four Years in Paradise, and Across the World with Mr. and Mrs. Johnson. She wrote I Married Adventure, her autobiography, which was the best-selling non-fiction book of 1940. After her husband’s death, she made her own TV show, The Big Game Hunt, which debuted in 1952. It was the first television wildlife series. The Martin and Osa Johnson Safari Museum is in Chanute, Kansas, her hometown.
Osa Johnson with Wah-Wah
the Gibbon
1902 – Margaret A. Hickey born, American attorney, journalist, and women’s rights activist; as a lawyer, she worked primarily in poverty law because of the Depression, and established the Margaret Hickey School for Secretaries in 1933; chaired the Women’s Advisory Committee of the War Manpower Commission (1942). She was president of the National Federation of Business and Professional Women (1944-1946), and represented the NFBPW at the UN Conference in San Francisco (1945). Served as chair of the Commission on the Status of Women in 1961.
1918 – ‘Dickey’ Chapelle born as Georgette Meyer, American photojournalist known for her work as a war correspondent from WWII through the Vietnam War.
1918 – Zoia Horn born in Ukraine, American librarian; her family emigrated to Canada when she was 8 years old, and then to New York City, where she attended the Pratt Institute Library School and first began working in a library in 1942. She joined the American Library Association and state library organizations. She was a peace activist, participating in vigils protesting the Vietnam War. In 1968, she became Head of the Reference Department at Bucknell University in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. In January 1971, she was contacted by the FBI agents seeking information on Father Philip Berrigan, noted anti-war activist, who was serving a sentence in a nearby federal prison for burning draft files. The FBI believed he was plotting with six others to blow up heating tunnels under Washington DC, and to kidnap Henry Kissinger. Boyd Douglas, a prisoner working at the Bucknell library on a work/study program, was relaying letters between Berrigan and other anti-war activists. Horn was subpoenaed by the prosecution, but refused to testify at the trial on grounds that her forced testimony would threaten intellectual and academic freedom. She served 20 days in jail, but was released after the prosecution’s case proved unreliable. Judith Krug, of the American Library Association’s Office for Intellectual Freedom, called Horn “the first librarian who spent time in jail for a value of our profession.” In 2002, she was honored with the Robert B. Downs Intellectual Freedom Award. She continued to speak out on issues of intellectual freedom, defending librarians who were dismissed or attacked for supplying “subversive materials,” and opposed the Patriot Act provisions for library surveillance, and for gaining warrants for records of library patrons. Horn also campaigned against fees in public libraries because they created barriers to information access.
1921 – Ada Louise Huxtable born, author, architecture critic and preservationist. She won the inaugural Pulitzer Prize for Criticism in 1970.
1922 – China Zorrilla born, Uruguayan theatre, film, and television actress, producer, director, and writer. A “Grande Dame” of South American theatre who was popular on stage, screen, and television in both Argentina and Uruguay. Co-founder of Teatro de la Ciudad de Montevideo, which also toured in Buenos Aires, Paris, and Madrid. They won the Spanish Critics Award for their 1961 productions of plays by Spanish authors Federico García Lorca and Lope de Vega. In the 1960s, she staged a children’s musical, Canciones para mirar, written by Argentine poet Maria Elena Walsh, in New York City. Zorilla was a correspondent for the Uruguayan newspaper El País, covering events like the Cannes Film Festival. She also directed operas by Puccini and Rossini at the Teatro Argentino de La Plata for their 1977 season. In 2008, she was invested Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres by the French Government. She lived to be 90 years old.
1923 – Diane Arbus born, unique American photographer, noted for photographing marginalized people; the first American photographer whose work was displayed at the influential Venice Biennale.
1942 – Anne Sheafe Miller, age 33, of New Haven, CT, was dying of hemolytic streptococcal septicemia, then a common infection resulting from miscarriage. Four weeks of treatment, including sulfa drugs, had failed to stop the infection, and her temperature kept climbing. Dr. John Bumstead was her physician, but he was also treating another patient, John F. Fulton, MD, in a hospital room just down the hall. Dr. Fulton was a clinician and researcher known for his extensive research into the relationship between the brain and disease. During the war, Fulton had put his reputation and contacts to work to help Howard Florey, a friend from his student days at Oxford. Florey was an Australian researcher who expanded on Alexander Fleming’s 1928 discovery of penicillin by isolating its active ingredient and demonstrating its therapeutic properties. Dr. Bumstead asked Dr. Fulton to use his connections to get a sample of penicillin to try on Anne Miller. 5.5 grams of penicillin, flown in from Merck and Co., were delivered to the hospital by a state trooper. Nobody knew how much of a dose to give the patient. It had been used on a few patients in England, but had never been tried in the U.S. On March 14, Miller received her first dose via intravenous drip at 3:30 p.m., and two more doses during the night. The next morning her temperature, which had hovered between 103 and 106.5 degrees, dropped to normal for the first time in four weeks. By following day, her bacteria count had dropped, her appetite had returned, and she had eaten four meals. Miller fully recovered, and lived to the age of 90. Her dramatic recovery helped convince the U.S. pharmaceutical industry that the antibiotic was viable and worthy of mass production.
Anne Sheafe Miller
1948 – Nicole Taton Capitaine born, French astronomer, expert in astrometry, at the Paris Observatory; graduated in 1970 from Pierre and Marie Curie University, and earned a doctorate there in 1972. In 1985, she became deputy director of the department of fundamental astronomy at the Paris Observatory, and the director of the observatory in 1993. She was part of the Space Geodesy Research Group (GRGS). Retired in 2013; now an emeritus astronomer
Paris Observatory
1948 – In the UK, new laws were proposed allowing British women married to foreigners to automatically retain their citizenship; only the status of women who choose to formally renounce their British citizenship would change. WWII saw almost 70,000 British women marry U.S. soldiers.
British WWII brides headed for the U.S. to be reunited with their American husbands
1948 – Nicole Taton Capitaine born, French astronomer, expert in astrometry, at the Paris Observatory; graduated in 1970 from Pierre and Marie Curie University, and earned a doctorate there in 1972. In 1985, she became deputy director of the department of fundamental astronomy at the Paris Observatory, and the director of the observatory in 1993. She was part of the Space Geodesy Research Group (GRGS). Retired in 2013; now an emeritus astronomer.
1958 – Francine Stock born, British radio producer and news presenter, who has also worked in BBC television, and novelist; she’s worked for the BBC since 1983 on several programmes, including Newsnight, The Money Programme, and Front Row. She has written two novels: A Foreign Country, which was shortlisted for the Whitbread First Novel award, and Man-Made Fibre.
1960 – Heidi B. Hammel born, American planetary astronomer; vice president of the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), which operates world-class astronomical observatories like the National Solar Observatory and Hubble Space Telescope; she is the interdisciplinary scientist for the James Webb Space Telescope; 2002 recipient of the Carl Sagan Medal for communication enhancing the public’s understanding of planetary science.
1972 – Irom Chanu Sharmila born, Indian poet, civil rights and political activist, often called “the world’s longest hunger striker,” for her hunger strike which lasted from 2000 to 2016, to protest the civil rights violations under the Armed Forces Special Powers Act which only applies to her home state of Manipur, and gives the army power to search properties without a warrant, to arrest people, or to use deadly force if there is "reasonable suspicion" that a person is acting against the state. She was arrested several times for “attempting suicide,” and nasogastric intubation forced on her for long periods while in custody. Amnesty International declared her as a prisoner of conscience.“People just started praising my glory without listening to what I wanted from them. That prolonged sense of responsibility and commitment was left to me alone. It needed to be a collective cause, a mass cause. I was isolated and idolised, living on a pedestal, without voice, without feeling,” she says. In July 2016 she shocked the country and her supporters by abruptly announcing an end date to her fast. “Nothing had changed in people’s mindsets after 16 years,” she says. “I really wanted to change myself, the environment, the tactics, everything.” In August 2016, she ended her fast, after 5,574 days.
1975 – Rushanara Ali born in Bangladesh, British Labour politician, Member of Parliament for Bethnal Green and Bow since 2010; worked at the Communities Directorate of the Home Office (2002-2005), where she led a work programme to mobilise local and national agencies in the aftermath of the 2001 riots; research fellow at the Institute of Public Policy Research (1999–2002); worked on human rights issues at the Foreign Office (2000–2001); worked as parliamentary assistant to MP Oona King (1997-1999). When she went to Oxford, she was the first in her family to go to university, then worked as a research assistant for sociologist Michael Young. Rushanara Ali also helped develop Language Line, a national telephone interpreting service available in over 100 languages.
1977 – Britta Byström born, Swedish composer, primarily of orchestral music, but she has also composed vocal music and opera.
1997 – Simone Biles born, American artistic gymnast who holds a combined 32 Olympic and World Championship medals, 19 of them gold. In January, 2018, Biles confirmed on Twitter that Larry Nassar, former USA Gymnastics physician, has sexually assaulted her. She also alleged that USA Gymnastics had helped cover it up. In September 2021, she told the Senate Judiciary Committee that USA Gymnastics and the United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee "failed to do their jobs."
Simone Biles
2019 – At least 49 people were killed in mass shootings at two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, Police Commissioner Mike Bush said, and dozens more seriously wounded. Police said three people were taken into custody, and one person was charged with murder. A man who claimed responsibility for the attacks posted links to a white-nationalist, anti-immigrant manifesto on social media and identified himself as a racist. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said many of those targeted may be migrants and refugees. "It is clear that this can now only be described as a terrorist attack," Ardern said, adding that this "will be one of New Zealand's darkest days." New Zealand's national security alert status was raised to high.
2020 – Countries around the world continued to enact strict measures such as border closures and flight cancellations to combat the spread of the novel COVID-19 coronavirus. In New Zealand, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced government implementation of a policy under which all travelers, even New Zealanders, must self-isolate upon their arrival in the country for 14 days starting March 15 at midnight. Ardern said New Zealand "will have the widest ranging and toughest border restrictions of any country in the world" and "I make no apologies." All cruise ships were banned from coming to New Zealand until June 30 as well. There had been only six confirmed cases and no deaths attributed to COVID-19 in New Zealand as of that date. The total on March 15, 2021, were 2076 confirmed covid cases and 356 probable cases, with 26 deaths.
Jacinda Ardern — photo
by Mark Tantrum
2021 – Women protested across Australia against sexual violence and gender inequality, with tens of thousands hitting the streets as outrage grew over rape allegations that have convulsed the conservative government. #March4Justice rallies were held in more than 40 Australian cities and towns, with a major demonstration in Canberra following allegations of sexual assault in the nation's parliament. Former government staffer Brittany Higgins alleged publicly last month that she had been raped by a colleague in a minister's office in 2019. The government has ordered an independent inquiry into parliament's workplace culture and established new support services for staff. But critics say systemic change is needed – not just in politics but across Australian society. Brittany Higgins told the crowd in Canberra her story was "a painful reminder to women that it can happen in Parliament House, and can truly happen anywhere. We fundamentally recognise the system is broken, the glass ceiling is still in place. We are here because it is unfathomable that we are still having to fight this same stale, tired fight." #March4Justice is demanding a raft of measures including independent investigations into all cases of gendered violence, a boost in public funding for prevention and the implementation of recommendations from a 2020 national inquiry into sexual harassment at work. A group of independent and minor party women politicians announced they are working to amend a loophole in legislation, which shields members of parliament and the judiciary from liability for workplace sexual harassment.
Brittany Higgins
2022 – It was Steve Huxley, a Liverpudlian and long-term Barcelona resident, who introduced the city to craft beer when he opened the Barcelona Brewing Company in 1993, but it was a woman, Judit Cartex, who helped establish Barcelona as Spain’s craft beer capital. “Beer has always been a part of my life,” she says. “We were poor and all we had to drink was tap water, no Coca-Cola. Except on Sundays my mother and grandmother would open a litre bottle of beer to watch football on TV. Very English, no? … It was Steve who opened our eyes to the possibilities of craft beer, not just in Barcelona but in the rest of Spain,” says Cartex, who learned her trade from Huxley and ran her own brewery, Cerveza Barra, until the floor collapsed and the building was condemned. Covadonga García Pérez is one of many female brewers in this traditionally male world. She says, “As a brewer you feel you’re contributing to the common good. It’s not a job, it’s a vocation.” García Pérez brews at La Textil, a sleek new brew pub in central Barcelona, and is now collaborating with Cristina Fernández Romero of Espiga, a brewery just outside the city, on a joint brewing project. They have named their new beer Punto Violeta after the campaign to provide safe public places for women who are being harassed.
Judit Cartex - Cerveza Barra craft beer in Barcelona
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G’Morning/Afternoon/Evening MOTlies!
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[END]
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