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Gaza Hospital Blast — an Errant Rocket or a Planned Attack ? [1]

['This Content Is Not Subject To Review Daily Kos Staff Prior To Publication.']

Date: 2023-11-08

Was the explosion and fire at the Al Ahli Hospital at Gaza City on Tuesday, October 17, more likely an errant rocket or a deliberate attack by Hamas? The author attempts to show that the existing theories of an errant Palestinian rocket are highly unlikely, and that a planned attack is the better explanation. Supporting evidence is provided.

At the beginning of the diary, there is a summary, as the diary is quite long. At the end is a poll.

Sources for this article are at the end in a section called “Sources.” The sources for the general background information are in Wikipedia and are widely available on the internet from major news organizations.

SUMMARY

This diary represents the author’s findings and conclusions of three weeks of effort trying to understand the explosion and fire at the Al Ahli Hospital that killed and injured so many innocent people. It dismisses Hamas’ theory of an Israeli air strike, which is in agreement with all the Western experts consulted by the New York Times, the Washington Post and CNN, as well as four Western governments. It carefully examines the currently accepted theory of an errant rocket causing the damage and finds this theory to be highly unlikely. The diary then looks at alternate causes of the explosion and fire, finds different ways that it could have occurred – all of them deliberate – and presents arguments for the most likely cause. Then, the diary tries to show that this attack was planned for 7:00 pm on Tuesday, October 17. Finally, the diary concludes that Hamas, and possibly Islamic Jihad, planned and carried out this attack on the hospital, and provides the motivation for this attack. The concluding section of the diary (called Conclusions) provides a more detailed description of this summary.

INTRODUCTION and BACKGROUND

On the night of October 17, 2023, an explosion took place at the Al Ahli Hospital in Gaza City, killing and injuring a large number of people sheltering in the hospital compound, as well as damaging the hospital. Hamas, Islamic Jihad, the PLO, Hezbollah, and many Middle Eastern governments blamed Israel for the attack. Israel blamed Islamic Jihad for the attack, claiming it was caused by an errant rocket. The United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Canada all claimed that Israel was not responsible for the attack based upon the analysis of their available data. Various news organizations (CNN, BBC, Washington Post, New York Times, Wall Street Journal) asked experts to examine the data available to them. The conclusion of these experts was mixed. Some said that an errant rocket, seen in an Al Jazeera video, most likely caused the explosion, and some said that this was impossible. All said that an examination of the site was necessary for a definitive conclusion, with some strongly doubting such an examination will occur.

Mass protests were held against Israel around the world. The Palestinian Authority called for 3 days of mourning. Hezbollah called for a Day of Rage against Israel. (Hezbollah is an Iranian backed terrorist group in Lebanon.) President’s Biden’s visit with leaders from Egypt, Jordan and the Palestinian Authority was cancelled due to this attack, which they blamed on Israel.

(The Palestinian Authority, or PA, is the Palestinian governing body and located in the West Bank. Its largest political party is the PLO.)

This attack follows Hamas’ brutal attack on Israel’s communities near the Gaza border on October 7, 2023, and the murder of many Israelis and people from around the world that were in the area of the attack. It also follows mass rocket attacks of Israeli cities by Hamas and Islamic Jihad from October 7 thru October 17, and Israeli bombing of Gaza after the October 7th attack. These attacks were taking place just before the explosion occurred at the hospital.

Al AHLI HOSPITAL

The Al Ahli Hospital dates from 1882, when it was established in the Old City of Gaza by the Anglican Church in England. It has been run by this church to the current day, except for a period from 1954 to 1982 when it was run by the Southern Baptist Church. It is the only Christian Church in the Gaza Strip, and is independent of the Ministry of Health in Gaza which is run by Hamas.

The hospital has 80 beds and provides related medical services. It is housed in a compound consisting of seven or more buildings surrounding a courtyard. This courtyard contains two open-air, grassy plazas with trees, and two adjacent parking lots. Overall and detailed vies of the hospital are show below.

Overall view of the hospital compound before the explosion and fire. The white dot shows the courtyard with the two large, green, open air plazas and the parking lots. The red dot is the approximate location of the small crater found, which is discussed later.

Closer view of the courtyard before the explosion and fire. The red dot is the approximate location of the small crater found, which is discussed later. The white rectangle outlines the area of the parking lots that sustained the most damage in the explosion. The red, blue and green rectangles outline tile roofs whose tiles were damaged during the explosion.

The EXPLOSION and DAMAGE

The explosion took place around 7:00 pm on the night of October 17, 2023. The explosion was adjacent to the two open air, grassy plazas where people were sheltering from the Israeli air attacks occurring in Gaza City.

Pictures of the explosion are shown below. They are screen grabs from videos from CNN and the IDF (Israel Defense Forces). The CNN video begins with a wide flame front billowing up from the ground. No central origin for the flames is seen. The IDF video (actually a still picture in the video) appears to show two origins for the explosion and fire.

Picture close to the start of the explosion. There appears to be two origins for the explosion and fire (the white areas by the roof).

The explosion and fire a little after the picture above. The apparant origins in the picture above have merged into a single flame front.

Pictures of the damage after the explosion are show below. The most visible damage is to the cars in the parking lot, Some of the roof tiles are damaged on the red roofs, and there are pockmarks on some of the buildings (pockmarks are not visible in the pictures).

Overall view of the damage from the explosion and fire. The red roof on the right has some of its tiles blown off. There are some pockmarks on the building’s walls (not visible in this picture). The crater is partially obstructed in this picture.

View of the damaged cars in the upper parking lot. There is another damaged car to the lower left that is not shown. The red arrow above the overturned car points to the crater.

The primary effect of the explosion and fire should be on the people sheltering in the open air plazas adjacent to the parking lots. They were directly in the path of the explosion and fireball. They would most likely be killed, maimed and injured. The survivors would be traumatized, many for the rest of their lives.

There was no structural damage to the buildings. However, most of the windows facing the parking lot would have been blown out by the explosion.

There is a small crater that has been identified as the origin of the explosion. It is between the two plazas. This crater is shown below.

Crater in Courtyard of Al Ahli Hospital. Composite Image from an excellent 360o video.

HAMAS THEORY of EXPLOSION and FIRE

Shortly after the explosion and fire at the hospital, Hamas and Islamic Jihad accused Israel of conducting an airstrike (including rockets) at the hospital. This theory was dismissed by all the Western experts because an Israeli airstrike would cause much more damage than that seen. The governments of the US, the UK, France and Canada also dismissed this theory. However, Israel is still blamed by many Middle Eastern countries and some other countries for attacking the hospital.

The author dismisses this theory for lack of physical and video evidence. No remnants of the explosion have been found or produced. There are always remnants from an explosion and fire, per experts.

Hamas has issued contradictory explanations about these remnants. One is that the “remnants vanished like salt in water.” The other is that they would produce some remnants. Islamic Jihad said that they have the warhead, but they never produced it.

The Gaza bomb squad (officially the Ordnance Disposal Unit) examined the crater the night of the explosion. The headline picture shows one of the members reaching into the crater for something – possibly the remnants of the warhead.

There is no video, photographs or reports of Israeli warplanes over the hospital dropping bombs or shooting missiles. Nor are there any videos of missiles or rockets hitting the hospital prior to the explosion.

An ERRANT ROCKET as the CAUSE of the EXPLOSION and FIRE

The currently accepted theory of the cause of the explosion and fire at the hospital is that a piece of an errant rocket that exploded over Gaza fell at the entrance to the parking lot, setting off an explosion and fire. This piece contained rocket fuel which ignited, causing the explosion and fire. This theory was accepted by experts that CNN and the Wall Street Journal consulted, based upon an Al Jazeera video of a rocket exploding in the sky. This theory was first put forward by Israel’s IDF, and then agreed upon by the US, the UK, France and Canada. Israel and the US relied upon this Al Jazeera video as one of their sources. The US said that they relied upon other sources, but they haven’t said what those specific sources are.

The video most used of the errant rocket is from Al Jazeera. The video shows the rocket ascending to the north, then turning around and heading back from the northeast. There is then a shaft of bright light that briefly goes out of the rocket. Soon after, the rocket explodes, followed by a fire. After the fire goes out, the rocket disappears into the black sky. Next, there is an explosion and fire in the distance, northeast of the hospital. About two seconds later, there is a bigger and brighter explosion closer to the camera, followed by a fire. This explosion and fire are at the hospital.

According to Al Jazeera, the shaft of light is from an Israeli Iron Dome rocket intercepting and destroying the errant rocket. However, what we see is a shaft of light coming from the rocket. An Iron Dome rocket intercepting the errant rocket would show a shaft of light going into the rocket, instead of going out of the rocket. Thus, the Al Jazeera explanation of the light is impossible. Experts said that the light is from the rocket disintegrating.

The theory of an errant rocket also requires a very improbable event to occur. The piece of the rocket that landed in the courtyard of the hospital landed in an area that would cause the most casualties to the people sheltering in the courtyard. If this area is 10 yards long by 10 yards wide (a generous area), and the debris from the rocket lands in area of a 500-yard radius (a little over a quarter mile), then the probability of any one piece of the rocket hitting this precise area of greatest damage is about 1 in 10,000, or stated another way, there is a 99.99% chance that it wouldn’t hit this area, which is pretty close to a 100% chance. It should hit somewhere else. (The calculation is the square footage of the 10x10 area divided by the square footage of a circle with a 500-yard radius. The chance that the piece would hit any one area is the same as all the other areas.)

The New York Times, the Washington Post and CNN independently conducted a detailed analysis of the video of the errant rocket in the Al Jazeera video. They synchronized this video with video from 2 to 3 other videos of the errant rocket taken in Israel. The other videos were taken just south of Tel Aviv, just north of Gaza, and just east of Gaza City. Using these different videos, they were able to triangulate the location of where the errant rocket was fired from, where it landed, and if its remnants could have hit the hospital.

They found that the rocket was launched from Israel, at or near an Israeli Iron Dome battery. The rocket exploded and landed in Israel, east of the border. They determined that it was impossible for the remnants from the rocket to hit the hospital based upon the experts they consulted.

The New York Times, the Washington Post, and CNN showed their results to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence for comment. The office was not convinced, and said that they had other videos and information to back up their conclusions about an errant rocket. However, they refused to provide further information about these videos and information, other than to say the videos were public and one of the videos was the Al Jazeera video.

There was an earlier explosion and fire northeast of the hospital in the various videos. But nobody has investigated this explosion & fire and reported their results to the public, other than to acknowledge this explosion and fire. This earlier explosion and fire should have killed and injured people in densely-populated Gaza City, yet no mention is made about what happened. Investigating this earlier video may help us understand what happened at the hospital, since both events occurred within two seconds of each other.

The above discussions and findings, especially those of the New York Times, the Washington Post, and CNN, mean that the errant rocket theory of the explosion and fire at the hospital, as shown in the Al Jazeera video, is highly unlikely.

OTHER CAUSES of the EXPLOSION and FIRE

If we accept the Washington Post, the New York Times and CNN’s analysis of the Al Jazeera rocket video, and refuse to accept the claims of the US that they have 3 more videos plus additional evidence (none of which they will release) that prove the errant rocket theory shown by this video, then there are two other options. First, there could be a piece from a second errant rocket. Second, somebody deliberately shot something into the hospital courtyard.

It is possible that there was a second errant rocket which had a malfunction and broke up. This piece could have fallen into the courtyard, exploded and caused a fire. However, no other malfunctioning rocket (that would cause the explosion and fire at the hospital) is seen in any of the videos, and none was reported, so such a possibility is remote.

Therefore, we must consider that someone deliberately shot something into the hospital courtyard. Who that somebody is, and what that something is remains to be determined, as each side is pointing their finger at the other side. If we first look at that something, then it may be easier to determine who that someone is.

The choices for what was shot into the courtyard are:

Airstrike

Rocket or Missile

Artillery

Mortar

All of the experts consulted by the five media were unanimous that Israel did not conduct an airstrike. They all said that an Israeli airstrike would have been much more damaging than what occurred. In addition, there is no video of any airstrike, nor of the sound of airplanes. Because the Palestinian terror groups don’t have airplanes, they are ruled out of conducting airstrikes.

Another rocket or missile is a possibility. However, there is no video evidence for another rocket or missile. The Palestinian rockets are not accurate enough to hit the courtyard of the hospital. A shoulder fired missile was considered by the author, but these are primarily used to shoot straight, and no information was found about shooting them over buildings, especially from a distance.

Artillery is also a possibility. However, most of the experts consulted by the five media said that artillery wasn’t used. Artillery can’t fly over a building and hit a target just beyond it.

Mortar

The last method is a mortar. A mortar is the best weapon to lob a shell over a hill and hit the slope on the other side of a hill – or in the case of the hospital, to lob a shell over buildings several stories high and into a courtyard just beyond these buildings. Because of its high, arching trajectory, it can clear the buildings and then fall into the courtyard. There is some good evidence to support the use of a mortar.

A soldier fires a mortar. A shell is seen after flying out of the hollow mortar tube

A picture of a mortar with a shell being fired is shown at the right,

The experts consulted by the media said the size of the crater is the right size for a mortar. The angle of the crater appears to be greater than 45 degrees and could be as much as 85 degrees. (The angles used by a mortar are typically 45 to 85 degrees.)

Mortars can be accurate with an experienced crew. The path the mortar shell was fired along was close to a diagonal path, which is the longest path in the courtyard, and allowed for the greatest error. The crew hit the middle of this path.

Mortars can use incendiary munitions, and mortar shells with this munition are available for purchase from arms dealers. An incendiary mortar shell can explain the explosion and fire.

A mortar also has the advantage that a couple of people can carry it, quickly set it up, fire it, and then break it down and leave.

An argument against a mortar is that it wouldn’t make a large fireball. One of the experts consulted suggested that shrapnel from a projectile could have hit one of the cars causing it to explode. Essentially, the shrapnel, which a mortar produces, would turn the car into a car bomb. There are two badly damaged cars in the pictures. If both these were hit by shrapnel and exploded, then this could create the large fireball along with the mortar’s incendiary explosive.

Car Bomb

There is strong evidence for a car bomb being used in the explosion and fire at the hospital. As shown in the picture below, there is a car that has been turned upside down. Prior to the explosion, the car was likely standing over the rectangular depressed area adjacent to the rear of the car. The paving stones in the this area are missing, and some of the dirt has been dug out, especially towards the topmost corner of the depressed area. The engine compartment, or front, of the car has been blown out leaving the engine by itself without any fenders. The doors of the car are open, and the car is burnt on the inside.

An explosion from a car bomb provides the best explanation for what occurred. A car bomb in the engine compartment would flip the car over, blow out the paving stones, and dig out the dirt under these stones. Additional explosions elsewhere in the car would blow open the doors and ignite a fire which would spread to the adjacent cars.

For comparison, a picture of a car bomb in London England from 1975 is shown below. Its engine compartment was blown out, causing the car to flip over. There was no fire in this attack. The overturned cars in these two pictures are similar, and both have their engine sections blown up. These similarities mean the the overturned car at th hospital was most likely a car bomb.

The overturned car is to the right, and the second most damaged car is to the left. The overturned car is most likely a car bomb. The other car may be a car bomb.

An overturned car caused by a car bomb in London England. The driver of the London car miraculously survived with only a broken leg.

There may be another car at the hospital which contained a car bomb. It is the second most damaged car and is to the left of the upside down car. Two of its doors have been blown out, the roof has been blown out and bent over, and its hood looks like it was blown off and then laid back over the front of the car. The car has slid into the truck next to it. The car interior is also burnt. A car bomb in the car’s interior would explain the condition of this car.

The upside down car was parked blocking entry and exit to the larger of the two sections of the parking lot along with the burned out car above it. There were cars to either side of it, which caught fire and burned, amplifying the effect of the car bomb.

Car bombs could be set off by the mortar if a pressure sensitive fuse was attached to them so the shockwave from the explosion of the mortar shell would activate this fuse on the cars.

There are good reasons for using a mortar to set off a car bomb. The first is to create a larger explosion and fire. The second is for deniability. If a Palestinian terror group did attack the hospital with a car bomb, then they would need to show that a car bomb wasn't used. Otherwise they would be accused of attacking the hospital, as these groups are well known for their use of car bombs. Using a mortar, or other munition, to set off a car bomb ensures a simultaneous explosion and fire, and deflects attention to another cause that can be blamed on Israel.

The author favors the mortar because the size and angle of the crater agree with that of a mortar; it is used to hit targets on the opposite side of obstacles; it can be accurate; and there are incendiary shells for it. In addition, one or two cars exploded in the parking lot, either deliberately or by accident, to create the fireball and large fire.

PLANNING the ATTACK

If there was a deliberate attack on the hospital, then there should be advance planning for this attack. There may be some evidence for such planning. Some of this evidence is circumstantial. However, circumstantial evidence can, and is used, to prove guilt in criminal trials in the US. (see Sources) (Circumstantial evidence is best used with direct evidence, but can be used without direct evidence.)

Timing

The explosion and fire occurred just after the Islamic Jihad rocket barrage on Israel. Timing this explosion and fire just after the barrage ties the two together, and provides a plausible explanation for the explosion and fire due to an accidental rocket problem. Or, this timing could cause Israel to launch an Iron Dome rocket, which also could provide a plausible explanation for the explosion and fire, and cast blame on Israel. Al Jazeera said that Israel caused the destruction of the Islamic Jihad rocket that led to the hospital explosion and fire. Both of these explanations (accident & Israel’s fault) were made and accepted. Having an explosion and fire occur at the hospital all by itself, with no video evidence of anything else going on would point the finger at Hamas.

Car Bomb

If a car bomb was used in the explosion and fire, and there is good evidence for this, then this car bomb was almost certain to have been planned in advance. People normally don’t drive around with a bomb in their engine compartment. The only other explanation is that someone wanted to assassinate the driver of the upside down car. But there should be easier methods to assassinate someone in Gaza City without the use of valuable fuel and explosives which are in short supply.

The blocking of the larger parking lot by two cars would likely have been planned in advance. People don’t normally block the entrance and exit to a parking lot. They may double park, but this blocks only one or two cars.

WHO CAUSED the EXPLOSION and FIRE

There are two to three parties that have been accused of starting the explosion and fire at the hospital – Hamas, Islamic Jihad and Israel. Since Islamic Jihad is allied with Hamas, when Hamas is referred to in this section Islamic Jihad is included.

Israel has been accused of using an airstrike or rocket to cause the explosion and fire at the hospital. As discussed above, there is no video support for these statements, and none has been provided by Hamas. Israel has also been exonerated by the US, UK, France and Canada. Thus, Israel is highly unlikely to have caused the explosion and fire at the hospital.

Thus, Hamas most likely caused the explosion and fire at the hospital. Rockets, errant rockets, and artillery have been shown to be highly unlikely to have caused the explosion and fire at the hospital. Mortars are the most likely cause of the explosion and fire at the hospital based upon the analysis above.

Hamas controls the government and is the main military force in Gaza. They have mortars and are capable to setting up a mortar and firing it into the hospital courtyard. As such, Hamas is the most likely party to have caused the explosion and fire at the hospital.

Furthermore, the failure of Hamas to produce any remnants from the explosion and fire, along with their contradictory statements about these remnants can be considered proof of guilt under US law (see Sources). The failure of Islamic Jihad to produce the warhead they said they have can also be considered proof of guilt. These same failures occurred with the shrapnel that wounded people. The ground and hospital should be littered with shrapnel, and pieces of shrapnel would be removed from wounds. These pieces can be analyzed to tell what they are made out of and where they came from. However, none of this shrapnel has been produced.

MOTIVE

The primary motive for a direct attack on the hospital by Hamas, in the author’s opinion, was to scuttle the upcoming meeting in Jordan between the US, Egyptian and Jordanian Presidents and the Head of the Palestinian Authority. All four of these parties are enemies of Hamas. Hamas has good reason to believe that any agreements made at this meeting could be very detrimental to them. Put another way, this meeting was an existential threat to Hamas and Islamic Jihad. And, they were very successful in scuttling this meeting.

There were other benefits to Hamas from the attack on the Gaza hospital. They were able to make Israel look like the villain in the eyes of the world. They were able to deflect some of the criticism of their earlier actions in Israel (which started this recent debacle). And, they were partially successful in making Israel’s actions appear equivalent to their own actions. However, the author isn’t willing to believe that Hamas would attack the Gaza hospital for the benefits in this paragraph, but they would do so to stop the existential threat posed by the meeting of their enemies.

The only risks to Hamas from carrying out this attack are that they would be found to have deliberately attacked a hospital in Gaza, which they have successfully deflected so far with the Al Jazeera video of the errant rocket. And, they would cause more people to move out of northern Gaza and to the south. These risks are far overshadowed by the existential threat posed by the meeting of their enemies.

CONCLUSIONS

The errant rocket theory of the explosion of the fire is either wrong or highly unlikely. The New York Times, the Washington Post, and CNN have shown that the errant rocket used in the widely-used Al Jazeera video (also used by the US) couldn’t have caused the explosion and fire. The errant rocket is most likely an Israeli Iron Dome missile breaking up over Israel and too far away to hit the Al Ahli hospital. Furthermore, there is no evidence publicly available for any other errant rocket hitting the hospital.

The following are the author’s opinions. The reasoning behind them is described in the body of this diary. The statements by the United States that they have other videos, satellite images and information which shows another errant rocket caused the explosion and fire are deliberately ignored. So are the statements by the New York Times and CNN that agree with these statements. Nothing about these videos (except the Al Jazeera video), satellite images and information has been disclosed, and the author is unwilling to accept them on blind faith. Instead, only the videos, satellite images and information available to the author are used.

Based upon the timing of the explosion and fire and the presence of a car bomb, the attack on the Al Ahli Hospital was not an accident nor an errant rocket disintegrating and hitting the hospital. The explosion and fire were timed to closely follow the Islamic Jihad rocket barrage. One or two car bombs were planted at the hospital, and the entrance and exit to the larger parking lot was deliberately blocked.

The attack on the hospital was most likely made by a mortar. One or two car bombs amplified the explosion and damage.

Hamas has failed to produce any remnants from the explosion and fire, and has made contradictory statements about these remnants. Islamic Jihad has failed to produce the warhead they said they have. These failures can be considered proof of guilt under US law.

The primary motive for a direct attack on the hospital by Hamas was to scuttle the upcoming meeting in Jordan between the US, Egyptian and Jordanian Presidents and the Head of the Palestinian Authority. This meeting among their enemies was an existential threat to Hamas and Islamic Jihad.

While it would be best to have an on-site investigation of the hospital courtyard in order to be definitive, such an investigation is highly unlikely. As such, we can only work with the information available to us, and see if it can lead to a reasonable answer that agrees with the available information.

If the author’s arguments are correct, then Hamas, and possibly Islamic Jihad, planned and carried out the attack on the Al Ahli Hospital.

Please note that the conclusions of this diary may change if Hamas, Islamic Jihad, Israel, the United States, or someone else releases more information related to the explosion and fire at the Al Ahli Hospital. But since the Israel-Hamas conflict has become a war, we shouldn’t hold our breath waiting for additional information.

SOURCES

The sources used in this article are given below, along with the links to their web sites, and some comments about the sites as appropriate. They are put here to make the sources and their links easy to locate for the reader, as well as to allow comments.

Background and Details of the Explosion: Wikipedia –https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ahli_Arab_Hospital_explosion#Aftermath

Al Ahli Hospital: Wikipedia – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ahli_Arab_Hospital

News Report on Explosion and Damage Found: BBC – https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67144061; Guardian – https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/18/al-ahli-arab-hospital-piecing-together-what-happened-as-israel-insists-militant-rocket-to-blame

Al Jazeera Video of Explosion – https://twitter.com/nexta_tv/

Two Fires From Explosion – IDF; https://videoidf.azureedge.net/79c67f70-e995-4451-a836-7f15d6e88a5d

Damage Found:

BBC and Guardian above;

IDF – https://videoidf.azureedge.net/79c67f70-e995-4451-a836-7f15d6e88a5d

Analyses of the Explosion and Fire:

Al Jazeera – https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/19/what-hit-ahli-hospital-in-gaza, and

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/18/what-do-we-know-about-the-strike-on-the-hospital-in-gaza

BBC — https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67216929

CNN – https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/21/middleeast/cnn-investigates-forensic-analysis-gaza-hospital-blast/index.html

New York Times – https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/03/briefing/gaza-hospital-explosion.html

Washington Post – https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2023/10/26/gaza-hospital-blast-evidence-israel-hamas/

Wall Street Journal Video — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6HcaYiuCK8 — Article Blocked by Paywall

Israeli’s Explanation of the Explosion: https://idfanc.activetrail.biz/ANC1810202362

Comments of Experts:

Remnants – CNN Analysis above. See Marc Garlasco.

Shrapnel & Car Bomb – CNN Analysis above. Around page 7 if printed.

London Car Bomb – https://www.nytimes.com/1975/11/04/archives/london-explosion-is-10th-in-2-months.html

Hamas and Islamic Jihad Statements on Remnants: Wikipedia – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ahli_Arab_Hospital_explosion; see Section entitled “Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad.”

Proof of Guilt by Destruction of Evidence or Failure to Produce Evidence –https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/rule_37, see “For Not Obeying a Discovery Order,” items i and vi. Or, for the lawyers, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 37-b-2-A-i, vi.

Proof of Guilt by Circumstantial Evidence – https://www.egattorneys.com/circumstantial-evidence-in-criminal-cases

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