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Leaked Execution Video of Saddam Hussein | |
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Introduction | |
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The execution of former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein took place on | |
Saturday, 30 December 2006. Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging, | |
after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special | |
Tribunal for the murder of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites in the town of Dujail in | |
1982, in retaliation for an assassination attempt against him. | |
The Iraqi government released an official videotape of his execution, | |
showing him being led to the gallows, and ending after the hangman's | |
noose was placed over his head. International public controversy arose | |
when a mobile phone recording of the hanging showed him surrounded by | |
a contingent of his countrymen who jeered him in Arabic and praised | |
the Shia cleric Muqtada al-Sadr, and his subsequent fall through the | |
trap door of the gallows. The atmosphere of the execution drew | |
criticism around the world from nations that oppose as well as support | |
capital punishment. On Sunday 31 December 2006, Saddam Hussein's body | |
was returned to his birthplace of Al-Awja, near Tikrit, and was buried | |
near the graves of other family members. | |
Prior to execution | |
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After being sentenced to death by an Iraqi court, Saddam requested to | |
be executed by firing squad rather than hanging, claiming it as the | |
lawful military capital punishment and citing his military position of | |
commander of the Iraqi military. This request was denied by the court. | |
Two days prior to the execution, a letter written by Saddam appeared | |
on the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party website. In the letter, he urged | |
the Iraqi people to unite, and not to hate the people of countries | |
that invaded Iraq, like the United States, but instead the | |
decision-makers. He said he was ready to die as a martyr and he said | |
that this is his death sentence. In the hours before the execution, | |
Saddam ate his last meal of chicken and rice with a cup of hot water | |
and honey. | |
Time and place | |
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Saddam was executed by hanging at approximately 06:00 UTC +03:00 on | |
the first day of Eid al-Adha. Reports conflicted as to the exact time | |
of the execution, with some sources reporting the time as 06:00, | |
06:05, or some, as late as 06:10. | |
The execution took place at the joint Iraqi-American military base | |
Camp Justice, located in Kazimain, a north-eastern suburb of Baghdad. | |
Contrary to initial reports, Saddam was executed alone, not at the | |
same time as his co-defendants Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti and Awad | |
Hamed al-Bandar, who were executed on 15 January 2007. Barzan was | |
decapitated by the rope due to incorrect calculations of his body | |
weight and length of drop. Saddam's cousin and one of his six | |
co-defendants Ali Hassan al-Majid was sentenced to death and was | |
hanged on 25 January 2010. | |
Proceedings | |
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A senior Iraqi official who was involved in the events leading to | |
Saddam's death was quoted as saying, "The Americans wanted to delay | |
the execution by 15 days because they weren't keen on having him | |
executed right away. But during the day [before the execution] the | |
prime minister's office provided all the documents they asked for and | |
the Americans changed their minds when they saw the prime minister was | |
very insistent. Then it was just a case of finalizing the details." | |
U.S. military spokesman Maj. Gen. William Caldwell told journalists in | |
Baghdad that after "physical control" of Saddam was given to the Iraqi | |
government, "the multinational force had absolutely no direct | |
involvement with [the execution] whatsoever." There were no U.S. | |
representatives present in the execution chamber. | |
Reports circulated that Saddam's behavior was "submissive" and that he | |
was carrying the Qur'an he had been keeping with him throughout his | |
trial before his execution. Al-Rubaie, who was a witness to Saddam's | |
execution, described Saddam as repeatedly shouting "down with the | |
invaders". Al-Rubaie reportedly asked Saddam if he had any remorse or | |
fear, to which Saddam replied: | |
"No, I am a militant and I have no fear for myself. I have spent my | |
life in jihad and fighting aggression. Anyone who takes this route | |
should not be afraid." | |
Sami al-Askari, a witness to the execution, said, "Before the rope was | |
put around his neck, Saddam shouted, 'Allahu Akbar. The Muslim Ummah | |
will be victorious and Palestine is Arab!'" Saddam also stressed that | |
the Iraqis should fight the American invaders. After the rope was | |
secured, guards shouted various rebukes including "Muqtada! Muqtada! | |
Muqtada!" as reference to Muqtada al-Sadr; Saddam repeated the name | |
mockingly and rebuked the shouts stating, "Do you consider this | |
bravery?" | |
A Shi'a version of an Islamic prayer was recited by some of those | |
present in the room. One observer told Saddam: | |
"Go to hell!" Saddam replied, "The hell that is Iraq?" | |
The deputy prosecutor, Munqith al-Faroun, responded to hecklers, | |
stating, "Please, stop. The man is facing an execution." | |
Saddam began to recite the Shahada twice. As he neared the end of his | |
second recitation when he was about to say "Muhammad", the trapdoor | |
sprang. | |
According to 'The New York Times', the executioners "cheer their | |
Shi'ite heroes so persistently that one observer [in the execution | |
chambers] makes a remark about how the effort to rein in militias does | |
not seem to be going well." During the drop there was an audible crack | |
indicating that his neck was broken. After Saddam was suspended for a | |
few minutes, the doctor present listened with a stethoscope for a | |
heartbeat. After he detected none, the rope was cut, and the body was | |
placed in a coffin. He was confirmed dead at 06:03. | |
Alleged postmortem stabbings | |
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According to Talal Misrab, the head guard at Saddam's tomb, who also | |
helped in the burial, Saddam was stabbed six times after he was | |
executed. The head of Saddam's tribe, Sheikh Hasan al-Neda, denies | |
this claim. Mowaffak al-Rubaie, Iraq's security advisor, stated, "I | |
oversaw the whole process from A-Z and Saddam Hussein's body was not | |
stabbed or mutilated, and he was not humiliated before execution." | |
Burial | |
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Saddam's body was buried in his birthplace of Al-Awja in Tikrit, Iraq, | |
near family members, including his two sons Uday and Qusay Hussein, on | |
31 December 2006 at 04:00 local time (01:00 GMT). His body was | |
transported to Tikrit by a U.S. military helicopter, where it was | |
handed over from Iraqi Government possession to Sheikh Ali al-Nida, | |
the late head of the Albu Nasir tribe and governor of Saladin. It was | |
buried about three kilometers (2 mi) from his two sons' bodies, in the | |
same extensive cemetery. Saddam Hussein's grave, in a family plot, was | |
dug into the floor of an octagonal, domed building he had ordered the | |
construction of in the 1980s for religious festivals at the site. | |
Saddam's eldest daughter Raghad Hussein, under asylum in Jordan, had | |
asked that "his body be buried in Yemen temporarily until Iraq is | |
liberated and it can be reburied in Iraq", a family spokesperson said | |
by telephone. The family also said his body might be buried in Ramadi, | |
citing safety concerns, though there are no plans to do this. The tomb | |
where Saddam's body was buried was later destroyed during fighting | |
between Islamic State (ISIL, ISIS, IS) militants and Iraqi State | |
military forces. Saddam's body had reportedly been removed by a Sunni | |
tribal group before the tomb's destruction. | |
Media coverage | |
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The primary news source for the execution was the state-run Iraqi | |
television news station Al Iraqiya, whose announcer said that | |
"criminal Saddam was hanged to death". A scrolling headline read, | |
"Saddam's execution marks the end of a dark period of Iraq's history". | |
The BBC noted that a doctor, a lawyer, and various officials were | |
present, and that a video recording of the execution was made. Al | |
Arabiya reported that Saddam's lawyer had confirmed Saddam's death. | |
Major news networks carried official video of the moments leading up | |
to Saddam's execution. The Iraqi government also released pictures of | |
Saddam's dead body in a shroud. | |
Mobile phone video | |
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While officially released footage of the event stopped short of | |
showing the actual execution, an amateur video shot using a camera | |
phone from a staircase leading up to the gallows surface, contained | |
low-quality footage of the entire hanging. The amateur footage, unlike | |
the official footage, included sound; witnesses could be heard | |
taunting Saddam at the gallows. | |
On 3 January 2007, the Iraqi government arrested the guard who they | |
believe made the mobile phone video. However, it was too late to | |
prevent the video from spreading across the internet. Iraqi National | |
Security Advisor, Mowaffak al-Rubaie, later held a press conference | |
where he announced that three arrests had been made in connection with | |
the investigation into the video recording and leak. | |
Legality | |
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Human Rights Watch issued a statement that the "execution follows a | |
flawed trial and marks a significant step away from the rule of law in | |
Iraq." Amnesty International issued a statement that it "opposed the | |
death penalty in all circumstances but it was especially egregious | |
when this ultimate punishment is imposed after an unfair trial." Two | |
days before the execution, the International Federation of Human | |
Rights released a statement calling upon the Head of State to issue a | |
moratorium on the death sentence pronounced against Saddam Hussein by | |
hanging. The organization also said Saddam should be treated as a | |
prisoner of war under the Geneva Conventions. Juan Cole said that the | |
execution might lead to more sectarian turmoil. "The trial and | |
execution of Saddam were about revenge, not justice. Instead of | |
promoting national reconciliation, this act of revenge helped Saddam | |
portray himself one last time as a symbol of Sunni Arab resistance, | |
and became one more incitement to sectarian warfare", he said. | |
Lawyers for Saddam called the trial "a flagrant violation of | |
international law" and plan to continue "using all legal paths | |
available locally and internationally until public opinion gets the | |
truth about this political assassination." In a separate statement, | |
Saddam's American defense lawyer called the execution "an unfortunate | |
display of arrogant aggressor's injustice by the United States of | |
America under the leadership of American President George W. Bush. It | |
sets back achievements in international criminal law many decades and | |
sends a clear message to people all over the world that the United | |
States' aggression cannot be stopped by the law. It is truly a sad day | |
for international justice and sad beginning to a new year." | |
Perception of the Iraq government | |
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Following the leaking of mobile phone footage of Saddam Hussein's | |
execution, along with the detention on 3 January 2007, of a guard | |
under the Justice Ministry headed by a Sunni Iraqi minister Hashim | |
Abderrahman al-Shibli, suspicions have arisen that the ministry may | |
have intended to inflame sectarian tensions. In an interview with 'La | |
Rep�blica' on 19 January 2007, Muqtada al-Sadr said that the people | |
who were in the room during execution were "people paid to discredit | |
him" and the purpose of the unofficial video was to "make Muqtad� look | |
like the real enemy of the Sunnis." | |
United States President George W. Bush mentioned on 4 January 2007 | |
that he wished that the execution "had gone on in a more dignified | |
way." Bush later stated, in a 16 January 2007 interview with U.S. | |
television host Jim Lehrer, that Saddam's execution "looked like it | |
was kind of a revenge killing." Bush said he was "disappointed and | |
felt like they fumbled the�particularly the Saddam Hussein�execution. | |
It reinforced doubts in people's minds that the Maliki government and | |
the unity government of Iraq is a serious government. ... And it sent | |
a mixed signal to the American people and the people around the | |
world." | |
Article Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_of_Saddam_Hussein |