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# Contents: read.me template.tex objects.tex figures.tex broadly.tex
# claims.tex
# Wrapped by srctran@world on Mon Jun 29 12:28:54 1992
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X
X 12.18.18.12.19
X 13 CAUAC 7 KANKIN
X ( January 1, 1992 )
X
X The files LaTeX files in this distribution together form a rough draft of
Xa template for a patent application. I have take phrases and legal clauses
Xout of existing patents and organized them into one document. By filling in
Xthe gaps in the files, and adding illustrations, a person should be able to
Xquickly prepare a patent application.
X
X The files in this initial release are:
X
X template.tex - The master file of the template
X objects.tex - Phrasing for "Object of invention" section
X figures.tex - Phrasing for illustrations section
X broadly.tex - Phrasing for making broad claims
X claims.tex - Important claims section.
X
XThroughout the files I use as an example the invention of a power transformer.
XMy own patent will be for such a device, and the terminology and device
Xstructure should be familiar to most people.
X
X I use the LaTeX program for publishing my patent applications. LaTeX
Xis a program that allows you to insert commands into an ASCII file to direct
Xhow the document will be printed. I only use a few LaTeX commands in the
Xabove listed files - if you don't use LaTeX, just strip out everything between
Xbraces {} or lines that start with %, and you will have an ASCII file to use
Xwith any publishing program. The LaTeX commands I use include:
X
X % - any line starting with a percent sign is a comment
X
X {\bf XXXXX} - print in bold format the string XXXXX
X
X \begin{center}
X XXXXXX - center the string XXXXXX and any lines between the
X \end{center} \begin and \end statements
X
X {\em XXXXX} - print in emphasize or italic format the string XXXXX
X
X {\tt XXXX} - print in teletype format (fixed width, as-is) the string XXXX
X
X==============================================================================
X
X Given a good template and writing skills, most people should be able to
Xuse this template to prepare an acceptable patent application with little
Xrisk, accept for the claims section. By examining approved patents, anyone
Xshould be able to prepare the abstract, introduction and other supporting
Xtext. From a legal point of view, the Claims section is the most important
X(especially for patent infringement), and it is usually worth retaining a
Xpatent lawyer just to help with this section. However by examining approved
Xpatents and reading a few books on the patent process, I believe that people
Xcan write good claims on their own, especially since the patent examiner is
Xthere to suggest better phrasings (though this is not something to rely on).
X
X A book I highly recommend is "Patent It Yourself" by David Pressman,
Xavailable from Nolo Press in Berkeley, California. It is an excellent book,
Xvery comprehensive, with lots of examples and checklists.
X
X I am not a patent attorney. I prepared these files for some patents
Xthat I am applying for, and hope that they are good enough to share. Any
Xsuggestions and additions to these files will be appreciated. In particular,
XI am interested in receiving the full text to the Claims section of approved
Xpatents, especially if they are examples of good claim writing. The files
Xand document are in a modular form, ordered in a style that appeals to me.
XIf you have other formats, please let me know.
X
X Periodically I will be posting these files to the net, as I and others
Xextend the modules in these files.
X
X I adhere to the firstborn-copyright principle. Pass these files around
X(once they converge to some final form) to anyone who needs them, but if the
Xdistribution is abused, I have right to demand in court your firstborn :-).
X
X
X
XGregory Aharonian
XSource Translation & Optimization
XP.O. Box 404
XBelmont, MA 02178
X617-489-3727
[email protected]
END_OF_read.me
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X%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
X% 12.18.18.12.19
X% 13 CAUAC 7 KANKIN
X% ( January 1, 1992 )
X%
X% This file is a template for preparing patent applications. It includes
X% sections for all of the important aspects of a patent application, including
X% the patent specification, claims, abstract, figures, and other parts. The
X% file uses the LaTeX layout program. The margin settings and line spacing are
X% set to conform to requirements of the US Patent Office, when the text is
X% printed out on 8.5 by 11 inch paper.
X%
X% This file makes use of other files which are included in the processing
X% by use of the TeX command \input{}. These files are:
X% objects.tex
X% figures.tex
X% broadly.tex
X% claims.tex
X%
X% This is version 0.5 of these files. Please send any comments and
X% suggestions to Gregory Aharonian, [email protected], to be included
X% in future releases of this template. My goal is to be able to offer to
X% people enough of a temple, which when used with a very excellent book,
X% "Patent It Yourself" by David Pressman (Nolo Press, Berkeley, CA), should
X% help people prepare their own patents. Also a good template might coax the
X% Patent Office into accepting machine readable patent specifications.
X%
X%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
X
X\documentstyle[12pt]{report}
X\topmargin 0.00 in
X\oddsidemargin 0.25 in
X\textheight 8.50 in
X\textwidth 6.00 in
X\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.5}
X\begin{document}
X
X\begin{center}
XPatent Application
X
Xof
X
XGregory Aharonian
X
Xfor
X
X{\bf IRON CORE TRANSFORMER}
X
Xof which the following is a specification:
X
X---
X
X{\bf FIELD OF THE INVENTION}
X\end{center}
X% SKIPSKIP
X
X The present invention pertains generally to electric power equipment, and
Xmore particularly to a device for the transformation of electric power between
Xdifferent levels of voltage and current.
X
X\begin{center}
X{\bf BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION}
X\end{center}
X
XHere a review of the existing technology is presented, to set the stage for
Xthe new invention. For example, consider a transformer where the windings
Xare made of superconducting wires, instead of copper wire. This section would
Xthen review existing transformers wound with room temperature wire, mentioning
Xthat the use of room temperature windings leads to energy loss from heating.
XThe section can conclude with a brief explanation of how the new invention
Xovercomes this energy loss using superconducting windings.
X
X\begin{center}
X*{\bf SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION}
X\end{center}
X
X% This section briefly discusses the new invention, and starts out with a
X% formal statement of what the new invention does in terms of "objects".
X
X\input{objects}
X
X% Once the objects of the invention are stated, then you can include a
X% review of what the new invention does. Often this review is written
X% informally, since a detailed description is required further on.
X
X
X\begin{center}
X{\bf DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART}
X\end{center}
X
X A few patents mention the use of iron for power equipment, for example,
X\begin{center}
X{\tt U.S. Pat. No. 3,827,018 ~~---~~ Thomas~~~~~~(1974)}
X\end{center}
X
X
X% ****************************************************************************
X% The vast majority of patents include figures illustrating the design of the
X% new invention. These figures have to be prepared according to Patent Office
X% rules. While you can initially submit informal drawings (hand drawn, output
X% from a CAD program), eventually you have to sumit formal drawings. However
X% in most cities you can hire patent draftspeople who will prepare formal
X% drawings for about one hundred dollars per page.
X
X\input{figures}
X
X%
X% ****************************************************************************
X
X
X\begin{center}
X{\bf DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS}
X\end{center}
X
X\begin{center}
X{PRIOR ART}
X\end{center}
X
XIf any of your figures depict inventions that have already been patented,
Xyou should describe them first. The descriptions should not be detailed,
Xbut should emphasize those aspects of the existing inventions that pertain
Xto the new invention.
X
X\begin{center}
X{\bf FIRST EMBODIMENT}
X\end{center}
X
X\begin{center}
X{\bf INITIAL PRACTICAL EMBODIMENT}
X\end{center}
X
X\begin{center}
X{\bf THIRD EMBODIMENT}
X\end{center}
X
X\begin{center}
X{ENHANCEMENTS}
X\end{center}
X
XIn this section, you can include some of the enhancements possible with
Xthis invention. For example, if you are patenting a peddled cycle with
Xtwo wheels, you might want to include a description of a cycle with
Xfive wheels.
X
X\begin{center}
X{BENEFITS OF THE INVENTION}
X\end{center}
X
XThis section may or may not refer to additional figures. Often to record the
Xfact that you have thought about implications of your new invention, people
Xwill include a section describing some of the benefits of their invention.
XThus if the patent is later challenged in court, you will have a record that
Xyou did anticipate and understand the necessity and impact of your invention,
Xand that you did not just make a lucky guess when you made your invention.
X
X% ****************************************************************************
X% You should have a paragraph declaring that not only are you claiming what is
X% described in this patent specification, but also anything that is an obvious
X% variation, modification or extension of the invention. For example, stating
X% that the bicycle wheel uses say, three spokes, shouldn't limit you to
X% wheel with three spokes. This 'broadening' sections helps you avoid claiming
X% three spokes, four spokes, five spokes, etc.
X%
X
X\input{broadly}
X
X%
X% ****************************************************************************
X
X
X%
X% The Patent Office operates a service to register the fact that you have
X% invented something, that you will be patenting the invention, but want to
X% have an official record of the date you discovered the invention. To do
X% so, prepare a detailed description of your invention, and submit it to the
X% Patent Office (along with a check for six dollars). A few weeks later you
X% will receive a letter informing you that the Patent Office has you notice
X% of discovery on file, along with a identifying number, to be used when you
X% file the patent application. The files DISCLOSE.DOC and DISCLOSE.PAT have
X% additional instructions on using this service.
X%
X
X\begin{center}
X{CROSS REFERENCE TO DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT}
X\end{center}
X
XThis application is based upon Disclosure Document 123,456 filed 9 March 1990.
X
X\newpage
X
X% ****************************************************************************
X% Most of the patent application, while required and useful for defending your
X% patent intentions in court, pale in comparison to the importance of the
X% claims section of your patent. Writing patent claims is not trivial. There
X% are certain words that should be used, and ways that previous claims refer
X% back to earlier claims. Be careful, read anything you can on writing claims,
X% and consult a lawyer is this process is confusing.
X%
X
X\input{claims}
X
X%
X% ****************************************************************************
X
X\newpage
X
X\begin{center}
X{\bf ABSTRACT: ~~~~~~~IRON CORE TRANSFORMER}
X\end{center}
X
XA novel device for transforming electrical power, comprising a core member
Xmade of highly permeable magnetic material, and two or more conducting
Xwindings through which the magnetic material passes. Sheets of steel in
Xa doughnut-like rectangular shape is a typical magnetic material used, with
Xmany thin sheets used to minimize hysteresis effects. Alternating currents
Xexciting a primary winding create alternating magnetic fields which travel
Xalong the magnetic material to pass through the other windings. These
Xalternating fields in the secondary windings excite currents in these windings
Xwhich result in power being transferred from the primary winding. The ratio
Xof voltages and currents in the secondary windings is proportional to the
Xratio of the number of turns in the windings. This new device is superior
Xto existing designs of transferring electric power by using electrical
Xmotors attached to electrical generators using gear systems.
X
X\end{document}
END_OF_template.tex
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X%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
X% 12.18.18.12.19
X% 13 CAUAC 7 KANKIN
X% ( January 1, 1992 )
X%
X% This section briefly discusses the new invention, and starts out with a
X% formal statement of what the new invention does in terms of "objects".
X%
X% This is version 0.5 of these files. Please send any comments and
X% suggestions to Gregory Aharonian, [email protected], to be included
X% in future releases of this template.
X%
X%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
X
X An object of this invention is to provide a method to construct
Xelectric power transformers.
X
X It is a further object of this invention to provide such a method for
Xconstructing electric power transformers by using a core of highly permeable
Xmaterial such as steel that can guide magnetic fields.
X
X It is a further object of this invention to provide such an improved
Xelectric power transformer by placing primary and secondary windings of
Xthe transformer by wrapping conductive wire around the outside of the metal
Xcore.
X
X%%%% The following broad scope assertions can also be used:
X%
X%
X% Accordingly, its a basic object of the invention to disclose several
X% new forms of power transformer designs.
X%
X% It is another object of the invention to disclose a power transformer
X% design where the transformer core is formed from highly permeable material
X% such as steel that can guide magnetic fields.
X%
X% Another object of the invention is to disclose a power transformer design
X% that places primary and secondary windings of the transformer around the
X% outside of the metal core by wrapping conductive wires.
X%
X%
X%
X%
X%
X%
X% It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of and an
X% apparatus for electrically transforming electric power through the use of
X% a core of highly permeable material and at least two conductive windings.
X%
X% Another object is to transform electric power where the transformer core
X% is made of steel or ferrite material shaped to support conductive windings
X% and couple their magnetic fields.
X%
X% Still another object is to transform electric power where the windings
X% are made by wrapping copper wire around the outside of the transformer core.
X%
X%
X%
X%
X%
X%
X% In view of the foregoing, the main object of this invention is to
X% provide a technique for transforming electric power using a core of highly
X% permeable magnetic material around which two or more windings of conductive
X% material are wrapped.
X%
X%
X%
X%
X%
X%
X% It is therefore an object of this invention to produce an electric power
X% transformer utilizing two or more conductive windings.
X%
X% A further object of this invention to produce an electric power
X% transformer in which the coupling between the conductive windings is made
X% very high by wrapping the windings around a core of highly permeable
X% magnetic material.
END_OF_objects.tex
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X%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
X% 12.18.18.12.19
X% 13 CAUAC 7 KANKIN
X% ( January 1, 1992 )
X%
X% The vast majority of patents include diagrams illustrating the current
X% implementations of the device you are patenting (though this is not
X% necessary), followed by diagrams illustrating your new invention. In the
X% text of your patent specification, you have to provide both a brief and
X% detailed description of the diagrams. The detailed desciption should be
X% in the form of a narrative, while the brief description should be as
X% concise as possible. What follows are sample phrases that have been used
X% in brief descriptions.
X%
X% This is version 0.5 of these files. Please send any comments and
X% suggestions to Gregory Aharonian, [email protected], to be included
X% in future releases of this template.
X%
X%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
X
X
X\begin{center}
X{\bf BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS}
X\end{center}
X
X The invention will now be described in more detail, by way of example
Xonly, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
X
X%%%% The following introductions to the brief description section can also
X% be used:
X%
X%
X% The scope and nature of the invention will now further be made clear by
X% the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, of
X% which:
X%
X%
X% The invention may be better understood, and further advantages and uses
X% thereof more readily apparent, when considered in view of the following
X% detailed description of exemplary embodiments, taken with the accompanying
X% diagrams, in which:
X%
X%
X% There follows a description of a transformer in accordance with the
X% invention having primary and secondary windings around an iron core, given
X% by way of example and with reference to the figures in the accompanying
X% drawings.
X%
X%
X% An embodiment of the invention is described below by way of example with
X% reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
X%
X%
X% Many advantages and features of the invention will become readily
X% apparent from the following detailed description of the invention, and the
X% embodiments thereof, and from the claims and from the accompanying drawings.
X%
X%
X% One transformer arrangement in accordance with the invention will now be
X% described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in
X% which:
X%
X%
X% The manner of accomplishment of these objectives and the presence or
X% other advantages of the present invention will become apparent as the
X% description proceed with reference to the drawing in which:
X%
X%
X% So that the manner in which the above recited features, advantages and
X% objects of the present invention are attained and can be understood in
X% detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized
X% above, may be had by reference to the embodiments thereof illustrated in the
X% appended drawings, in which:
X%
X%
X% The features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent
X% on reading the following description of non-limitative, illustrative
X% embodiments and with reference to the attached drawings, wherein shows:
X%
X%
X% The manner of accomplishment of these and other objects and the presence
X% of other advantages of the present invention will become apparent as the
X% description proceeds with reference to the drawings in which:
X%
X%
X% A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant
X% advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better
X% understood by reference to the following detailed descriptions when
X% considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
X%
X%
X% Further objects, features and advantages of our invention will become
X% apparent from the following detailed descriptions taken in conjunction with
X% the accompanying drawings showing a preferred embodiment of our invention,
X% in which:
X%
X%
X% Other objects, features and advantages will occur from the following
X% description of a preferred embodiment and the accompanying diagrams, in
X% which:
X%
X%
X% The invention, both as to organization and method of operation, together
X% with further objects and advantages thereof may best be understood by
X% reference to the following description taken in connection with the
X% accompanying drawing, in which:
X%
X%
X% The invention will be more fully appreciated from the following detailed
X% description when the same is considered in connection with the accompanying
X% drawings, in which:
X%
X%
X% The object, features, and details of the invention will be more readily
X% apparent in light of the detailed description and disclosure in connection
X% with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
X%
X%
X% Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in
X% conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
X
X
X% ****************************************************************************
X% ****************************************************************************
X%
X%
X% Now comes the actual brief description of the drawings. There are no
X% preferred ways of writing these statements, but the style should be
X% consistent for the entire collection.
X
X
X FIG. {\bf 1} is a perspective view of one of the two main embodiments of the
Xtransformer, consisting of a highly permeable metallic core, and two
Xconductive windings that are not coaxial;
X
X FIG. {\bf 1} is a perspective view of the other main embodiment of the
Xtransformer, consisting of a highly permeable metallic core, and two
Xconductive windings that are coaxial;
X
X FIG. {\bf 2} is a perspective view of a variant of the first form of the
Xdevice shown in FIG. {\bf 1}, wherein multiple conductive windings are placed
Xaround the metallic core;
X
X FIG. {\bf 1} is a schematic diagram of an amplifier circuit for modulating
Xa power signal;
X
X FIG. {\bf 1} shows a typical geometry for the transformer of this invention;
X
X FIG. {\bf 2} and {\bf 2A} are a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the
Xcore of the transformer and its windings;
X
X FIG. {\bf 3} is a graph illustrating voltage or electric field variations
Xwith the current density in the transformer winding;
X
X FIG. {\bf XXX} is the final drawing, and unlike the previous statements, this
Xstatement is terminated by a period instead of a semicolon.
X
X% ****************************************************************************
X% ****************************************************************************
X%
X%
X% When drawing your diagrams, you cannot anticipate every possible way of
X% constructing your invention, and provide a drawing for each one. The goal
X% of good patent drawings is to capture the essence of your invention. To
X% make sure no one explicitly or implicitly thinks that you are claiming to
X% invent only the specific version of the device in your diagrams, you should
X% include one of the following statements as a transition to the detailed
X% description.
X%
X
X While the patent invention shall now be described with reference to the
Xpreferred embodiments shown in the drawings, it should be understood that
Xthe intention is not to limit the invention only to the particular
Xembodiments shown but rather to cover all alterations, modifications and
Xequivalent arrangements possible within the scope of appended claims.
X
X%%%% The following transitions to the detailed description section can also
X% be used:
X%
X%
X% The invention and its various embodiments may be better understood by
X% now turning to the following detailed description.
X%
X%
X% While this invention is susceptible to embodiment in many different forms,
X% there is shown in the drawings, and will herein be described in detail,
X% several preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be understood,
X% however, that the present disclosure is to be considered as exemplification
X% of the principles of the invention to specific embodiments illustrated.
X%
X%
X% It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only
X% typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered
X% limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally
X% effective embodiments.
X%
X%
X% Having generally described the invention, a further understanding can be
X% obtained by reference to certain specific preferred embodiments which are
X% provided herein for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to
X% be limiting unless otherwise specified.
X
X% ****************************************************************************
X% ****************************************************************************
X%
X%
X% Some patent writers like to make it quite clear that any terms they use
X% in describing the components of their invention are general terms, and not
X% limited in any particular way. For example, if they use the word "resistor",
X% they would like to indicate any material in a confined package that offers
X% resistance to an electrical current. These qualifications are specific to
X% the parts in the invention, and have no particular style.
X
X In all aspects of the present invention, references to {\em windings}
Xmean any material or device that transports large amounts of current for
Xindefinite periods of time. These materials/devices include: traditional metal
Xconductors such as copper and aluminum, low temperature superconductors such
Xas niobium alloys, and high temperature ceramic or organic superconductors.
XNo constraints are placed on the shape of {\em windings} used, with single and
Xmulti-stranded wires, and metal or ceramic conducting sheets all usable.
X
X%%%% Here are some other generalization statements.
X%
X% Throughout this discussion which follows, it should be understood that
X% the terms "diode", "switch", "capacitor", "transformer", and "inductor" are
X% used in the functional sense and not exclusively with reference to specific
X% solid state components, mechanical equivalents, discrete components, or
X% winding arrangements. Moreover, "winding" includes one winding, turn or
X% equivalent, or plurality of turns.
END_OF_figures.tex
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X%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
X% 12.18.18.12.19
X% 13 CAUAC 7 KANKIN
X% ( January 1, 1992 )
X%
X% When describing your invention, you cannot anticipate every possible way
X% of constructing your invention, and provide a drawing for each one. The
X% goal of good patent writing is to capture the essence of your invention.
X% To make sure no one explicitly or implicitly thinks that you are claiming
X% to invent only the specific version of the device in your claims, figures,
X% and descriptions, you should include one of the following statements that
X% seeks to claim all directly related variants of your invention.
X%
X% This is version 0.5 of these files. Please send any comments and
X% suggestions to Gregory Aharonian, [email protected], to be included
X% in future releases of this template.
X%
X%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
X
X\begin{center}
X{\bf OTHER EMBODIMENTS}
X\end{center}
X
X From the foregoing description, it will thus be evident that the present
Xinvention provides a design for electric power transformers. As various
Xchanges can be made in the above embodiments and operating methods without
Xdeparting from the spirit or scope of the following claims, it is intended
Xthat all matter contained in the above description or shown in the
Xaccompanying drawings should be interpreted as illustrative and not in a
Xlimiting sense.
X
X Variations or modifications to the design and construction of this
Xinvention, within the scope of the appended claims, may occur to those skilled
Xin the art upon reviewing the disclosure herein (especially to those using
Xcomputer aided design systems). Such variations or modifications, if within
Xthe spirit of this invention, are intended to be encompassed within the scope
Xof any claims to patent protection issuing upon this invention.
X
X%%%% The following broad scope assertions can also be used:
X%
X%
X% It is understood that the above described embodiments of the invention
X% are illustrative only and modifications of the invention are illustrative
X% only and modifications and alterations thereof may occur to those skilled
X% in the art. Accordingly, it is desired that this invention not be limited
X% to the embodiments disclosed herein but is to be limited only as defined by
X% the appended claims.
X%
X%
X% Although this invention has been described with respect to preferred
X% embodiments, it should be understood that many variations and modifications
X% will now be obvious to those skilled in the art, and it is preferred,
X% therefore, that the scope of the invention be limited, not by the specific
X% disclosure herein, but only by the appended claims.
X%
X%
X% Many alterations and modifications may be made by those having ordinary
X% skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the
X% invention. Therefore, the illustrated embodiment must be taken as set
X% forth simply for the purposes of clarity of explanation and not as a
X% limitation of the invention as defined in the following claims.
X%
X%
X% From the foregoing, it will be observed that numerous variations and
X% modifications may be effected without departing from the true spirit and
X% scope of the novel concept of the invention. It should be understood that no
X% limitation with respect to the specific structure and circuit arrangements
X% illustrated is intended or should be inferred. It is, of course, intended
X% to cover by the appended claims all such modifications as fall within the
X% scope of the claims.
X%
X%
X% In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with
X% reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will, however, be
X% evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereunto
X% without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention as
X% set forth in the appended claims. The specifications and drawings are,
X% accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than in a restrictive
X% sense.
X%
X%
X% The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the invention
X% has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not
X% intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form
X% disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in
X% light of the above teachings. The embodiment was chosen and described in
X% order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical
X% application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the
X% invention in various modifications as are suited to the particular use
X% contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by
X% the claims appended hereto.
X%
X%
X% Having now fully described the invention, it will be apparent to one of
X% ordinary skill in the art that many changes and modifications can be made
X% thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as set
X% forth herein.
X%
X%
X% It is understood that our invention is not confined to the particular
X% construction and arrangement of parts herein illustrated and described,
X% but embraces all such modified forms thereof as may come within the scope
X% of the following claims.
X%
X%
X% It will be apparent that many modifications and variations are possible
X% in light of the above teachings. It therefore is to be understood that
X% within the scope of the appending claims, the invention may be practiced
X% other than is specifically described.
X%
X%
X% Alternative embodiments and variations of the transformer taught in the
X% present specification may suggest themselves to those skilled in the art
X% upon reading of the above description. The following claims should be
X% interpreted to include those equivalents which are apparent from the above
X% description.
X%
X%
X% Other and different approximations to the transformer may occur to those
X% skilled in the art. Accordingly, having shown and described what is at
X% present considered to be several preferred embodiments of the invention, it
X% should be understood that the same has been shown by way of illustration
X% and not limitation. And, all modifications, alterations, and changes coming
X% within the spirit and scope of the invention are herein meant to be
X% included.
X%
X%
X% Many modifications and alterations may be made by those having ordinary
X% skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the
X% invention. Therefore the illustrated embodiments should be read only by
X% way of example and should not be viewed as limiting invention as defined
X% in the following claims.
X%
X%
X% While a particular form of transformer has been described in some
X% detail herein, changes and modifications may be made without parting from
X% the spirit of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the present
X% invention be limited in scope only by the terms of the following claims.
X%
X%
X% The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness of
X% understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations should be understood
X% therefrom for further modifications will be obvious to those skilled in
X% the art.
X%
X%
X% Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention
X% are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be
X% understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may
X% be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
X%
X%
X% The foregoing description of the invention is explanatory thereof and
X% various changes in the size, shape and materials, as well as in the details
X% of the illustrated construction may be made.
X%
X%
X% While particular embodiments have been disclosed, it is understood that
X% the invention is not limited thereto since modifications may be made by
X% those skilled in the art, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings.
X% It is, therefore, contemplated that the appended claims cover any such
X% modifications that incorporate those features which constitute the essential
X% features of the present invention.
END_OF_broadly.tex
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X%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
X% 12.18.18.12.19
X% 13 CAUAC 7 KANKIN
X% ( January 1, 1992 )
X%
X% The most important part of the patent application is the claims. This
X% defines what it is you are inventing, and what you seek to protect as your
X% proprietary invention under the patent laws. For the most part, it doesn't
X% matter how you word the rest of the patent application (as long as it
X% follows patent regulations). However how you word your claims is very
X% important.
X% A well defined set of claims will give you much protection against others
X% infringing on your invention. Writing such a well defined set of claims is
X% difficult, usually best left to your patent lawyer.
X% Important and preferred words in the claims include 'comprising', 'said',
X% 'means', 'comprises', and 'wherein'. Note how they are used.
X% Most patents usually have twenty claims or less. The patent examiners
X% prefer this, and it costs extra to have more than twenty claims. The
X% following example of a claim has 55 claims (which is very excessive).
X% However, it is a very good example of stating an invention through claims
X% in a variety of ways. These claims are for patent 4,864,478 by Gordon Bloom.
X%
X% This is version 0.5 of these files. Please send any comments and
X% suggestions to Gregory Aharonian, [email protected], to be included
X% in future releases of this template.
X%
X%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
X
X\begin{center}
X{\bf CLAIMS}
X\end{center}
X
XThe embodiments of the invention in which I claim an exclusive property or
Xprivilege are defined as follows:
X
X{\bf 1}. A power converter with integrated magnetics, comprising:
X
Xa magnetic core having at least two windings, windings of transformer means
Xpassing through one winding window, and windings of inductor means passing
Xthrough one other winding window, said windings being wound relative to each
Xother about said core, such that the flux of said inductor means opposes the
Xdirection of flux developed by said transformer means and increases the
Xavailable flux for transformer action;
X
Xa first circuit of a first diode in series with a first switch;
X
Xa second circuit of a second diode in series with a second switch;
X
Xand capacitor means in parallel with said first circuit and connected at least
Xto one end of said second circuit, said transformer means including primary
Xwinding means with one end of said primary winding means being joined to the
Xjunction between said first diode and said first switch and the other end of
Xsaid primary winding means being joined to the junction between said second
Xdiode and said second switch.
X
X{\bf 2}. The converter of claim {\bf 1}, wherein said winding windows have
Xunequal area and said one winding window has an area less than that of said
Xone other winding window.
X
X{\bf 3}. The converter of claim {\bf 2}, wherein said core is generally
Xrectangular and said winding windows are rectangular; wherein said core
Xcomprises an inner leg which defines at least part of the adjacent sides of
Xsaid winding windows; and wherein said adjacent side of said smaller winding
Xwindow is longer than said adjacent side of said larger winding window.
X
X{\bf 4}. The converter of claim {\bf 1}, wherein said core comprises three
Xshort legsl; wherein one of said short legs has a cross-sectional area greater
Xthan a second short leg and less than the third short leg; and wherein said
Xsecond short leg is adapted to receive a bobbin carrying said windings of said
Xtransformer means, and said third short leg is adapted to receive a bobbin
Xcarrying said windings of said inductor means.
X
X{\bf 5}. The converter of claim {\bf 1}, wherein said inductor means includes
Xinductor winding means which has one end connected to the junction between
Xsaid first diode and said first switch, and has its other end adapted to be
Xconnected to a source of voltage.
X
X{\bf 6}. The converter of claim {\bf 1}, wherein said primary winding means
Xcomprises two windings having a common center tap; and wherein said capacitor
Xmeans comprises two capacitors in series with each other, the junction between
Xsaid two capacitors being connected to said center tap; and wherein said
Xsecond circuit is connected in parallel with said two capacitors in series.
X
X{\bf 7}. A power converter with integrated magnetics, comprising:
X
Xa magnetic core having two winding windows of unequal area and three legs of
Xunequal cross sectional area with the leg having the largest cross sectional
Xarea defining an air gap,
X
Xwindings of power transformer means passing around the leg with the smallest
Xcross sectional area and through only the one winding window with the smaller
Xarea to form a transformer core leg, and
X
Xwindings of inductor winding means passing around said leg with the largest
Xcross sectional area through only the other winding window, said windings of
Xsaid inductor winding means being wound relative to said windings of said
Xpower transformer about said core, such that the flux of said inductor winding
Xmeans opposes the direction of flux developed by said power transformer means
Xin said transformer core leg and increases the available flux for transformer
Xaction.
X
X{\bf 8}. An integrated magnetics power converter, comprising: a magnetic core
Xhaving at least two winding windows; primary winding means and secondary
Xwinding means of a transformer passing through one winding window; inductor
Xwinding means passing through another window, said winding means being
Xdisposed relative to each other such that the flux of said inductor winding
Xmeans opposes the direction of flux developed by said primary winding means;
Xa first circuit having a first diode in series with a first switch; a second
Xcircuit having a second diode in series with a second switch; two capacitors
Xin series with each other and in parallel with said first circuit and said
Xsecond circuit, one opposite end of said primary winding means being joined to
Xthe junction between said first first diode and said first switch and the
Xother opposite end being joined to the junction between said second diode and
Xsaid second switch; and two diodes connected in series, said primary winding
Xmeans comprising two winding parts with the adjacent ends of each winding part
Xconnected to one of the free ends of said two diodes and with the junction
Xbetween said two diodes connected to the common junction between said two
Xcapacitors.
X
X{\bf 9}. An integrated magnetics power converter, comprising: a magnetic core
Xhaving at least two winding windows; primary winding means and secondary
Xwinding means of a power transformer passing through one winding window;
Xinductor winding means passing through another winding window, said winding
Xmeans being wound relative to each other such that the flux of said inductor
Xwinding means opposes the direction of flux developed by said primary winding
Xmeans; a first circuit of a first diode in series with a first switch; a
Xsecond circuit of a second diode in series with a second switch, one end of
Xsaid primary winding means being joined to the junction between said first
Xdiode and said first switch and the other end of said primary winding means
Xbeing joined to the junction between said second diode and said second switch,
Xsaid inductor means comprising two inductors, one inductor having one end
Xbeing adapted to be connected to a source of voltage and having its other end
Xconnected to the junction between said second diode and said second switch;
Xand capacitor means connected in parallel with said first circuit to define
Xa parallel circuit, said parallel circuit being connected in series with the
Xother of said two inductors to define a series-parallel circuit, said
Xseries-parallel circuit being in parallel with said second circuit.
X
X{\bf 10}. The converter of claim {\bf 9}, further including an isolation
Xdiode in series with one end of said primary winding means, the other end of
Xsaid primary winding means being connected to the junction between one of
Xsaid first switch and second switch and its diode, the other end of said
Xisolation diode being connected to the other of said first switch and second
Xswitch and its diode.
X
X{\bf 11}. An integrated magnetics power converter, comprising: a magnetic
Xcore having at least two winding windows; a center tapped primary winding and
Xa secondary winding of a power transformer passing through one winding window;
Xinductor winding means passing through another window; a first circuit of a
Xfirst diode in series with a first switch; a second circuit of a second diode
Xin series with a second switch; one end of said primary winding being joined
Xto the junction between said first diode and said first switch and the other
Xend of said primary winding being joined to the junction between said second
Xdiode and said second switch; and the equivalent of two capacitors in series
Xwith each other and in parallel with said first circuit and said second
Xcircuit, the junction between said two capacitors being connected to said
Xcenter tap; and the equivalent of two input capacitors in series with each
Xother with their common junction connected to said center tap, said inductor
Xwinding means comprising two inductor windings, one of said two inductor
Xwindings having one end connected to the junction between said first switch
Xand said first diode and having its other end connected to a source of voltage
Xand to one end of said two input capacitors in series with each other, the
Xother of said two inductor windings having one end connected to the parallel
Xcombination of said first circuit and said second circuit and having its
Xother end connected to the other end of said two input capacitors in series
Xwith each other.
X
X{\bf 12}. An integrated magnetics power converter, comprising: a core having
Xat least three legs including a center leg which is closer to one or two
Xouter legs; primary winding means and a secondary winding means of a
Xtransformer passing around said one outer leg; an inductor winding passing
Xaround the other outer leg; a first circuit of a first diode in series with
Xa first switch, said inductor winding having one end connected to the junction
Xbetween said first diode and said first switch, the other end of said inductor
Xwinding being adapted to be connected to a source of voltage; a second circuit
Xof a second diode in series with a second switch, one end of said primary
Xwinding means being joined to the junction between said first diode and said
Xfirst switch and the other end being joined to the junction between said
Xsecond diode and said second switch; capacitor means in parallel with said
Xfirst circuit and said second circuit; and a third switch across said first
Xswitch which is closed when said first switch and said second switch are open.
X
X{\bf 13}. The apparatus of claim {\bf 12}, further including a third diode
Xwhich is in series with said third switch, the series combination of said
Xthird diode and third switch being in parallel with said first switch.
X
X{\bf 14}. The converter of claim {\bf 13}, wherein said third switch is a
XMOSFET transistor and said another diode is a SCHOTTKY diode.
X
X{\bf 15}. An integrated magnetics power converter, comprising:
X
Xa magnetic core;
X
Xprimary winding means and secondary winding means, carried by one part of
Xsaid core, for a transformer;
X
Xinductor winding means, carried by another part of said core, for developing
Xflux in said one part of said core to oppose the direction of flux developed
Xby said primary winding means;
X
Xa first series circuit comprising said inductor winding means having one end
Xconnected to one end of a biasing diode and comprising a first switch
Xconnected to the other end of said biassing diode, the other end of said
Xinductor winding means being adapted to be connected to a voltage source;
X
Xa second series circuit comprising a reset winding having one end connected
Xto one end of a first diode and comprising a second switch having one end
Xconnected to the other end of said first diode, said primary winding having
Xone end connected to the junction between said biassing diode and said first
Xswitch and having its other end connected to the other end of said second
Xswitch;
X
Xcapacitor means across said reset winding and said first diode; and
X
Xa second diode connecting the junction between said first diode and said reset
Xwinding with the junction between said inductor winding and said biasing
Xdiode.
X
X{\bf 16}. The converter of claim {\bf 15}, wherein said core has at least
Xthree legs to define at least part of two winding windows of unequal area;
Xwherein said transformer is carried on one leg such that said primary winding
Xmeans and said secondary winding means passes through the smaller winding
Xwindow; and wherein said inductor winding means is carried on an opposite leg
Xand passes through the larger winding window.
X
X{\bf 17}. An integrated magnetics power converter, comprising: a magnetic
Xcore; a first inductor winding carried by said core and in series with one
Xend of a first diode; a second inductor winding carried by said core and in
Xseries with one end of a second diode; a first switch connecting the junction
Xbetween said first inductor winding and said first diode with the other end
Xof said second diode; a second switch connecting the junction between said
Xsecond inductor winding and said second diode with the other end of said
Xfirst diode; and two capacitors in series with each other to connect said
Xother ends of said first diode and said second diode, the common junction
Xbetween said two capacitors and the free ends of said inductor windings
Xdefining the inputs of a boost section of the converter.
X
X{\bf 18}. The converter of claim {\bf 17}, further including primary
Xtransformer winding means on said magnetic core; and a buck circuit
Xconnected to said other ends of said first diode and said second diode, said
Xbuck circuit including primary transformer winding means.
X
X{\bf 19}. The converter of claim {\bf 18}, wherein said primary winding
Xmeans has a center tap connected to the junction between said two capacitor
Xin series; and further including:
X
Xa) two buck switches, each buck switch having one end connected to one end of
Xsaid primary winding means and its other end connected to said other end of
Xone of said first and second diodes; and
X
Xb) a third and a fourth diode, each having one end connected to the junction
Xbetween said one end of said primary winding and one buck switch and its
Xother end connected to the other end of the other buck switch.
X
X{\bf 20}. An integrated magnetics power converter, comprising: a magnetic
Xcore; a first inductor winding carried by said core and in series with one
Xend of a first diode and a second inductor winding carried by said core and
Xin series with one end of a second diode; a first switch connecting the
Xjunction between said first inductor winding and said first diode to the
Xother end of said second diode; a second switch connecting the junction
Xbetween said second inductor winding and said second diode to the other end
Xof said first diode; two capacitors in series with each other and connected
Xto said other ends of said first diode and said second diode; two primary
Xwindings on said core; and a third diode and a fourth diode, one end of one
Xprimary winding being connected to the junction between said first inductor
Xwinding and said first diode and with the other end connected by said third
Xdiode to the junction between said two capacitors in series, one end of the
Xother primary winding being connected to the junction between said second
Xinductor winding and said second diode and with the other end connected by
Xsaid fourth diode to the junction between said two capacitors in series.
X
X{\bf 21}. An integrated magnetics power converter, comprising: a magnetic
Xcore; a primary transformer winding carried by said core; a first inductor
Xwinding carried by said core and in series with one end of a first diode;
Xa second inductor winding in series with one end of a second diode; capacitor
Xmeans for connecting together the other ends of said first diode and said
Xsecond diode; an isolation diode connected to one end of said primary
Xtransformer winding; and two switches, the other end of said primary
Xtransformer winding being connected by a first switch to said other end of
Xsaid first diode, the other end of said isolation diode being connected by
Xa second switch to said other end of said second diode.
X
X{\bf 22}. A converter, comprising: a magnetic core defining in cross-section
Xat least two windows; primary winding means and secondary winding means of a
Xtransformer passing through one window, said primary winding means comprising
Xtwo primary windings joined in series with each other and wound in the same
Xsense; at least one inductor winding passing through the other window, said
Xwindings being wound relative to each other such that the phasing of said
Xinductor winding opposes the direction of flux developed by said two primary
Xwindings; a first switch having one end connected to one end of primary
Xwinding, the other end of said one primary winding being connected at a
Xcommon junction to one end of the other primary winding, said first switch
Xand said one primary winding defining a first series circuit, said first
Xseries circuit being adapted to receive a voltage source across the other
Xend of said first switch and the other end of said one primary winding; and
Xa second switch in series with said one inductor winding to define a second
Xseries circuit which is in parallel with said two primary windings and said
Xfirst switch.
X
X{\bf 23}. The converter of claim {\bf 22}, wherein said secondary winding
Xmeans comprises two secondary windings wound in the same sense, each
Xsecondary winding having one end connected to a common ground; and further
Xincluding another inductor wining and two diodes, each diode connecting one
Xend of said another inductor winding with one of the other ends of said two
Xsecondary windings.
X
X{\bf 24}. The converter of claim {\bf 23}, further including a network in
Xparallel with said another inductor winding, said network comprising a
Xresistor and capacitor in parallel with each other and in series with a
Xthird diode.
X
X{\bf 25}. An integrated magnetics power converter, comprising: a magnetic
Xcore defining in cross-section at least two winding windows; at least one
Xprimary winding and one secondary winding of a transformer passing through
Xthe one winding window; at least one inductor winding passing through
Xanother winding window, said windings being wound relative to each other
Xsuch that the flux of said inductor winding opposes the direction of flux
Xdeveloped by said primary winding; a first series circuit comprising one
Xswitch in series with said inductor winding, said first series circuit
Xbeing adapted to be connected across a voltage source; and a second series
Xcircuit in parallel with said first switch, said second series circuit
Xcomprising a second switch and said primary winding.
X
X{\bf 26}. The converter of claim {\bf 25}, wherein said first switch and
Xsaid second switch have a different duty cycle and wherein the ratio of
Xthe output voltage of the converter to the input voltage is equal to ratio
Xof the turns on said secondary winding to the product of the turns on
Xsaid primary winding and the duty cycle of the second switch.
X
X{\bf 27}. An integrated magnetics power converter, comprising: a generally
Xrectangular magnetic core having at least two winding windows; a primary
Xwinding and a secondary winding of a transformer passing through one
Xwinding window; an inductor winding passing through another winding window,
Xsaid windings being would relative to each other such that the phasing of
Xsaid inductor winding opposes the direction of flux developed by said
Xprimary winding; a first switch in series with said primary winding to define
Xa first series circuit; and a second switch in series with said inductor
Xwinding to define a second series circuit, said first series circuit being
Xin parallel with said second series circuit and adapted to be connected
Xacross a source of DC-voltage.
X
X{\bf 28}. The integrated magnetics power converter of claim {\bf 27},
Xwherein said magnetic core has only two winding windows of unequal area.
X
X{\bf 29}. A converter having a boost stage in series with a buck stage,
Xcomprising:
X
Xa magnetic core having one bobbin means around which power transformer
Xwindings are wound and another bobbin means around which inductor windings are
Xwound so as to form an integrated magnetics assembly, said magnetic core
Xhaving only two winding windows of unequal area and three legs of unequal
Xcross sectional area with the leg having the largest cross sectional area
Xdefining an air gap, said power transformer windings including a primary
Xwinding, said power transformer windings and said inductor windings being
Xwound relative to each other such that the flux of said inductor windings
Xopposes the direction of flux developed by said power transformer windings
Xin the leg of smallest cross section;
X
Xswitching means for controlling the flow of current through said primary
Xwinding, said switching means comprising:
X
X(a) a first circuit for joining a node to a circuit ground using a first
Xdiode in series with a first switch,
X
X(b) a second circuit of a second diode having one end joined to one end of a
Xsecond switch, said first diode and the other end of said second switch being
Xjoined to said node and said first switch and said second switch having the
Xsame duty cycle,
X
X(c) means, using at least part of said inductor windings, for supplying DC
Xcurrent to the junction between said first diode and said first switch, and
X
X(d) capacitor means in parallel with said first circuit, said primary winding
Xof said transformer joining said junction between said first switch and said
Xfirst diode to the junction between said second switch and said second diode;
Xand
X
Xoperating means for operating said switching means in a continuous mode of
Xenergy storage under minimum output loading conditions while providing
Xadequate time for removing the magnetization energy of the transformer part
Xof said integrated magnetics assembly, said operating means comprising:
X
X(a) resistor means; and
X
X(b) capacitor means in parallel with said resistor means for joining the other
Xend of said second diode to said junction between said first switch and said
Xfirst diode.
X
X{\bf 30}. A converter, comprising:
X
Xa magnetic core having one bobbin means around which power transformer
Xwindings are wound and another bobbin means around which inductor windings are
Xwound so as to form an integrated magnetics assembly, said power transformer
Xwindings including a center tapped primary winding said inductor windings and
Xcore forming a first inductor and a second inductor;
X
Xswitching means for controlling the flow of current through said primary
Xwinding, said switching means comprising: one switch having one end connected
Xto one end of said center tapped primary winding, a second switch with one end
Xconnected to the other end of said center tapped primary winding, a first
Xdiode which connects the other end of said first switch to said other end of
Xsaid primary winding, and a second diode which connects the other end of said
Xsecond switch to said one end of said primary winding; and
X
Xoperating means for operating said switching means in a continuous mode of
Xenergy storage under minimum output loading conditions while providing
Xadequate time for removing the magnetization energy of the transformer part
Xof said integrated magnetics assembly, said operating means comprising:
X
X(a) a third diode having one end connected to one end of said first inductor,
Xsaid third diode having its other end connected to said other end of said
Xsecond switch;
X
X(b) a fourth diode having one end connected to one end of said second
Xinductor, said fourth diode having its other end connected to said other end
Xof said first switch;
X
X(c) capacitive means for capacitively coupling said other ends of said third
Xand fourth diodes to said center tap of said primary winding;
X
X(d) a third switch connecting said one end of said third diode to said other
Xend of said fourth diode; and
X
X(e) a fourth switch connecting said one end of said fourth diode to said
Xother end of said third diode.
X
X{\bf 31}. The converter of claim {\bf 30}, wherein said capacitive means is
Xtwo capacitors in series with each other and said center tap is connected to
Xthe common junction between said two capacitors in series.
X
X{\bf 32}. An integrated magnetics power converter, comprising:
X
Xa magnetic core having two winding windows of unequal area; at least one
Xprimary winding and one secondary winding of a transformer passing through
Xthe smaller winding window; an inductor winding passing through the larger
Xof the two winding windows, said windings being wound relative to each other
Xsuch that the flux of said inductor winding opposes the direction of flux
Xdeveloped by said primary winding; a first circuit of a first diode in series
Xwith a first switch, said primary winding having one end joined to the
Xjunction between said first diode and said first switch; a second circuit of
Xa second diode in series with a second switch, said primary winding having
Xits other end joined to the junction between said second diode and said
Xsecond switch, and capacitor means in parallel with said first circuit and
Xsaid second circuit, said inductor winding having one end connected to the
Xjunction between one diode and its switch, and the other end being adapted
Xto be connected to a source of voltage.
X
X{\bf 33}. The converter of claim {\bf 32}, further including: a third diode
Xfor joining said one end of said inductor winding to the junction between
Xsaid one diode and its switch; and a fourth diode for joining said one end
Xof said inductor winding to the common junction of one of said first and
Xsecond circuits and said capacitor means.
X
X{\bf 34}. An integrated magnetics converter, comprising: a magnetic core;
Xprimary winding means of a transformer comprising two primary windings wound
Xin opposite directions on said core; secondary winding means of said
Xtransformer on said core; inductor winding means on said core comprising two
Xinductor windings wound in opposite directions;
X
Xa first series circuit of a diode in series with one primary winding;
X
Xa second series circuit of a first switch in series the other primary winding;
X
Xcapacitor means in parallel with said first series circuit and said second
Xseries circuit;
X
Xone inductor in series with a second switch to charge said capacitor means
Xand in series a third switch to ground;
X
Xa third series circuit comprising a fourth switch in series with said
Xsecondary winding means; and
X
Xa fourth series circuit comprising a fifth switch in series with the other
Xinductor winding.
X
X{\bf 35}. The converter of claim {\bf 34}, further including an output
Xcapacitor in parallel with said third series circuit and said fourth series
Xcircuit.
X
X{\bf 36}. The converter of claim {\bf 34}, wherein said first switch, second
Xswitch and said fourth switch have one duty cycle and said first switch and
Xsaid fifth switch have another duty cycle.
X
X{\bf 37}. The converter of claim {\bf 36}, wherein said duty cycles are
Xcomplementary.
X
X{\bf 38}. An integrated magnetics power converter, comprising: a core having
Xat least two winding windows and three flux legs, with one of said legs
Xdefining an air gap; a first series circuit of one primary winding which is
Xcarried by said core and which is in series with a switch, across which
Xvoltage is inputted; a secondary winding which is carried by said core and
Xwhich is in series with one diode, across which voltage is outputted;
Xinductor winding means which is carried by said core and which is in series
Xwith a second diode, across which is applied said voltage output; and reset
Xwinding means in series with an inductor and a capacitor and both in
Xparallel with said second diode.
X
X{\bf 39}. The converter of claim {\bf 38}, wherein said inductor winding
Xmeans comprises two inductor windings in series with each other with one
Xinductor winding on the same leg as said primary winding and with the other
Xinductor winding on the same leg as said secondary winding.
X
X{\bf 40}. The converter of claim {\bf 38}, wherein said reset winding means
Xcomprises two reset windings in series with each other with one reset
Xwinding on the same leg as said primary winding and with the other reset
Xwinding on the same leg as said secondary winding.
X
X{\bf 41}. The converter of claim {\bf 38}, further including: another
Xsecondary winding in series with a third diode and on the same leg as
Xsaid primary winding, said another secondary winding and said secondary
Xwinding being wound in the opposite sense; and another primary winding in
Xseries with a second switch and on the same leg as said secondary winding,
Xsaid primary winding and another primary winding being wound in the
Xopposite sense.
X
X{\bf 42}. The converter of claim {\bf 38}, further including: two split
Xinductor windings on said core and in series with said first series circuit,
Xacross which voltage is inputed; and a second series circuit, in parallel
Xwith said first series circuit, comprising a second primary winding in series
Xwith a second switch.
X
X{\bf 43}. The converter of claim {\bf 42}, further including: a third
Xswitch which joins said first series circuit to said two split inductor
Xwindings; and a fourth switch which joins said one second series circuit to
Xsaid two split inductor windings.
X
X{\bf 44}. A power converter, comprising:
X
Xa magnetic core having only two winding windows of unequal area and three legs
Xof unequal cross sectional area with the leg having the largest cross
Xsectional area defining an air gap;
X
Xa buck stage having windings of transformer means passing around the leg with
Xthe smallest cross sectional area and through only the one winding window
Xwith the smaller area to form a transformer core leg, and
X
Xa boost stage for supplying said buck stage, said boost stage having the same
Xduty cycle as said buck stage and having windings of inductor means passing
Xthrough only the other winding window, said windings of said inductor means
Xbeing wound relative to said windings of said transformer means about said
Xcore such that the flux of said inductor means opposes the direction of flux
Xdeveloped by said transformer means in said transformer core leg and increases
Xthe available flux for transformer action, said boost stage comprising:
X
X(a) first inductor means having one end in series with one end of a first
Xdiode;
X
X(b) second inductor means having one end in series with one end of a second
Xdiode, said first inductor means and said second inductor means being carried
Xby said leg with the largest cross sectional area;
X
X(c) a first switch connecting the junction between said first inductor means
Xand said first diode with the other end of said second diode;
X
X(d) a second switch connecting the junction between said second inductor means
Xand said second diode with the other end of said first diode; and
X
X(e) capacitor means for capacitively connecting said other ends of said first
Xdiode and said second diode to a common node, the input to said boost stage
Xbeing applied between said common node and the other ends of said first
Xinductor means and said inductor means.
X
X{\bf 45}. A converter, comprising: a magnetic core having one bobbin means
Xaround which power transformer windings are wound and another bobbin means
Xaround which inductor windings are wound so as to form an integrated magnetics
Xassembly, said inductor winding and said core comprising a first inductor and
Xa second inductor, said power transformer windings including a primary
Xwinding;
X
Xswitching means for controlling the flow of current through said primary
Xwinding; and
X
Xoperating means for operating said switching means in a continuous mode of
Xenergy storage under minimum output loading conditions while providing
Xadequate time for removing the magnetization energy of the transformer part
Xof said integrated magnetics assembly, said operating means comprising a
Xdiode in series with said primary winding to form a primary circuit, said
Xswitching means comprising:
X
X(a) said first inductor in series with a first diode and a first switch and
Xjoined to one end of said primary circuit;
X
X(b) said second inductor in series with a second diode and a second switch
Xand joined to the other end of said primary circuit;
X
X(c) means for joining the junction between said first diode and said first
Xinductor to said other end of said primary circuit;
X
X(d) means for joining the junction between said second diode and said second
Xinductor to said one end of said primary circuit; and
X
X(e) means for capacitively coupling said junction between said first diode and
Xsaid first switch to said junction between said second diode and said second
Xswitch.
X
X{\bf 46}. An integrated magnetics power converter, comprising: a first
Xinductor in series with one end of a first diode; a second inductor in series
Xwith one end of a second diode; a first switch connecting the junction
Xbetween said first inductor and said first diode with the other end of said
Xsecond diode; a second switch connecting the junction between said second
Xinductor and second diode with the other end of said first diode; means,
Xcomprising the equivalent of two capacitors in series with each other, for
Xconnecting said other ends of said first diode and said second diode; a
Xprimary transformer winding having a center tap connected to the junction
Xbetween said two capacitors in series, said primary transformer winding and
Xsaid first inductor and said second inductor sharing the same core; two
Xbuck switches, each connecting one end of said primary winding with one of
Xsaid other ends of said first and second diodes; and a third and fourth
Xdiode, each connected between the junction between said one end of said
Xprimary winding and one buck switch and to the other end of the other buck
Xswitch.
X
X{\bf 47}. An integrated magnetics power converter, comprising: a first
Xinductor in series with one end of a first diode; a second inductor in series
Xwith one end of a second diode, said first inductor and said second inductor
Xbeing carried by the same core; a first switch connecting the junction
Xbetween said first inductor and said first diode with the other end of said
Xsecond diode; a second switch connecting the junction between said second
Xinductor and second didoe with the other end of said first diode; connecting
Xmeans, equivalent to two capacitors in series with each other, for connecting
Xsaid other ends of said first diode and said second diode; a transformer
Xhaving two primary windings on said core, each primary winding having an end
Xconnected to the junction between one inductor and its diode; and means,
Xequivalent to a third and fourth diode, for connecting the junction between
Xsaid equivalent of two capacitors in series anad one of the other ends of
Xsaid two primary windings.
X
X{\bf 48}. A converter, comprising:
X
Xa magnetic core having one bobbin means around which power transformer
Xwindings are wound and another bobbin means around which inductor windings
Xare wound so as to form an integrated magnetics assembly, said power
Xtransformer windings including a primary winding;
X
Xswitching means for controlling the flow of current through said primary
Xwinding; and
X
Xoperating means for operating said switching means in a continuous mode of
Xenergy storage under minimum output loading conditions while providing
Xadequate time for removing the magnetization energy of the transformer part
Xof said integrated magnetics assembly, said operating means comprising a
Xdissipative averaging reset circuit in parallel with said primary winding.
X
X{\bf 49}. The converter of claim {\bf 48}, wherein said dissipative averaging
Xcircuit comprises a diode in series with the parallel combination of a
Xcapacitor and a resistor.
X
X{\bf 50}. A converter, comprising:
X
Xa magnetic core having one bobbin means around which power transformer
Xwindings are wound and another bobbin means around which inductor windings
Xare wound so as to form an integrated magnetics assembly, said power
Xtransformer windings including a primary winding;
X
Xswitching means for controlling the flow of current through said primary
Xwinding, said switching means comprising a first circuit of a first diode in
Xseries with a first switch and comprising a second circuit of a second diode
Xin series with a second switch with said primary winding of said transformer
Xjoining the junction between said first switch and said first diode to the
Xjunction between said second switch and said second diode; and
X
Xoperating means for operating said switching means in a continuous mode of
Xenergy storage under minimum output loading conditions while providing
Xadequate time for removing the magnetization energy of the transformer part
Xof said integrated magnetics assembly, said operating means comprising a
Xthird circuit of a third switch in series with a third diode, said third
Xcircuit being in parallel with said first diode, said third switch being
Xclosed when said first and second switches are open.
X
X{\bf 51}. A converter, comprising:
X
Xa magnetic core having one bobbin means around which power transformer
Xwindings are wound and another bobbin means around which inductor windings
Xare wound so as to form an integrated magnetics assembly, said power
Xtransformer windings including a primary winding;
X
Xswitching means for controlling the flow of current through said primary
Xwinding, said switching means comprising a first circuit of a first diode
Xin series with a first switch and comprising a second circuit of a second
Xdiode in series with a second switch, said primary winding of said transformer
Xjoining the junction between said first switch and said first diode to the
Xjunction between said second switch and said second diode; and
X
Xoperating means for operating said switching means in a continuous mode of
Xenergy storage under minimum output loading conditions while providing
Xadequate time for removing the magnetization energy of the transformer part
Xof said integrated magnetics assembly, said operating means comprising means
Xfor providing bi-directional path around said first diode.
X
X{\bf 52}. A converter, comprising:
X
Xa magnetic core having one bobbin means around which power transformer
Xwindings are wound and another bobbin means around which inductor windings
Xare wound so as to form an integrated magnetics assembly, said power
Xtransformer windings including a primary winding;
X
Xswitching means for controlling the flow of current through said primary
Xwinding; and
X
Xoperating means for operating said switching means in a continuous mode of
Xenergy storage under minimum output loading conditions while providing
Xadequate time for removingthe magnetization energy of the transformer part
Xof said integrated magnetics assembly, said operating means comprising a
Xreset winding on said one bobbin means with sufficient turns to shorten the
Xreset time of said transformer windings.
X
X{\bf 53}. The converter of claim {\bf 52}, wherein said switching means
Xcomprises: a first circuit of a first switch connected to one end of said
Xprimary winding and a second switch connected to the opposite end of said
Xprimary winding; a capacitor in parallel with said first circuit; and a
Xsecond circuit, in parallel with said capacitor, of a first diode in series
Xwith reset winding.
X
X{\bf 54}. The converter of claim {\bf 53}, further including one inductor
Xwinding with one end adapted to be connected to the converter input and an
Xopposite end joined by a second diode to the junction between said first
Xswitch and said primary winding and joined by a third diode to the other end
Xof said second switch.
X
X{\bf 55}. A converter having a boost stage in series with a buck stage,
Xcomprising:
X
Xa magnetic core having one bobbin means around which power transformer
Xwindings are wound and another bobbin means around which inductor windings
Xare wound so as to form an integrated magnetics assembly, said magnetic core
Xhaving only two winding windows of unequal area and three legs of unequal
Xcross sectional area with the leg having the largest cross sectional area
Xdefining an air gap, said power transformer windings including a primary
Xwinding, said power transformer windings and said inductor windings being
Xwound relative to each other such that the flux of said inductor windings
Xopposes the direction of flux developed by said power transformer windings;
X
Xswitching means for controlling the flow of current through said primary
Xwinding, said switching means comprising:
X
X(a) a first circuit for joining a node to a circuit ground using a first
Xdiode in series with a first switch,
X
X(b) a second circuit for joining said node to said circuit ground using a
Xsecond diode in series with a second switch, said first diode and said
Xsecond switch being joined to said node and said first switch and said
Xsecond switch having the same duty cycle,
X
X(c) means, using at least part of said inductor windings, for supplying
XDC current to the junction between said first diode and said first switch,
Xand
X
X(d) capacitor means in parallel with said first circuit and said second
Xcircuit, said primary winding of said transformer joining the junction
Xbetween said first switch and said first diode to the junction between said
Xsecond switch and said second diode; and
X
Xoperating means for operating said switching means in a continuous mode of
Xenergy storage under minimum output loading conditions while providing
Xadequate time for removing the magnetization energy of the transformer part
Xof said integrated magnetics assembly, said operating means comprising:
X
X(a) Schottky diode means joined at one of its ends to said node; and
X
X(b) MOSFET means, in series with said Schottky diode means and joined to
Xsaid junction between said first switch and said first diode, for providing
Xa bi-directional path in said first circuit, said MOSFET means being gated
Xwhen said first switch and said second switch are in an OFF condition.
END_OF_claims.tex
if test 42393 -ne `wc -c <claims.tex`; then
echo shar: \"claims.tex\" unpacked with wrong size!
fi
# end of overwriting check
fi
echo shar: End of shell archive.
exit 0