Subpart B--Identification of Aircraft and Related Products
45.11 General.
45.13 Identification data.
45.14 Identification of critical components.
45.15 Replacement and modification parts.
Subpart C--Nationality and Registration Marks
45.21 General.
45.22 Exhibition, antique, and other aircraft: Special rules.
45.23 Display of marks; general.
45.25 Location of marks on fixed-wing aircraft.
45.27 Location of marks; nonfixed-wing aircraft.
45.29 Size of marks.
45.31 Marking of export aircraft.
45.33 Sale of aircraft; removal of marks.
SUMMARY: This final rule codifies as new part 34 all of the applicable
aircraft engine fuel venting and exhaust emission requirements of Special
Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR) 27-5, and the test procedures specified
under the regulations implementing the Clean Air Act. This rule consolidates
all of the requirements and test procedures into this part, and inserts into
other affected parts the requirements to comply with new part 34. New part 34
does not alter any of the requirements specified under SFAR 27-5 or the
regulations implementing the Clean Air Act.
This part prescribes the requirements for--
(a) Identification of aircraft, and identification of aircraft engines and
propellers that are manufactured under the terms of a type or production
certificate:
(b) Identification of certain replacement and modified parts produced for
installation on type certificated products; and
(c) Nationality and registration marking of U.S. registered aircraft.
[Doc. No. 2047, 29 FR 3223, Mar. 11, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 45-3, 32 FR
188, Jan. 10, 1967]
Subpart B--Identification of Aircraft and Related Products
Sec. 45.11 General.
(a) Aircraft and aircraft engines. Aircraft covered under Sec. 21.182 of
this chapter must be identified, and each person who manufacturers an
aircraft engine under a type or production certificate shall identify that
engine, by means of a fireproof plate that has the information specified in
Sec. 45.13 of this part marked on it by etching, stamping, engraving, or
other approved method of fireproof marking. The identification plate for
aircraft must be secured in such a manner that it will not likely be defaced
or removed during normal service, or lost or destroyed in an accident. Except
as provided in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, the aircraft
identification plate must be secured to the aircraft fuselage exterior so
that it is legible to a person on the ground, and must be either adjacent to
and aft of the rear-most entrance door or on the fuselage surface near the
tail surfaces. For aircraft engines, the identification plate must be affixed
to the engine at an accessible location in such a manner that it will not
likely be defaced or removed during normal service, or lost or destroyed in
an accident.
(b) Propellers and propeller blades and hubs. Each person who manufactures
a propeller, propeller blade, or propeller hub under the terms of a type or
production certificate shall identify his product by means of a plate,
stamping, engraving, etching, or other approved method of fireproof
identification that is placed on it on a noncritical surface, contains the
information specified in Sec. 45.13, and will not be likely to be defaced or
removed during normal service or lost or destroyed in an accident.
(c) For manned free balloons, the identification plate prescribed in
paragraph (a) of this section must be secured to the balloon envelope and
must be located, if practicable, where it is legible to the operator when the
balloon is inflated. In addition, the basket and heater assembly must be
permanently and legibly marked with the manufacturer's name, part number (or
equivalent) and serial number (or equivalent).
(d) On aircraft manufactured before March 7, 1988, the identification plate
required by paragraph (a) of this section may be secured at an accessible
exterior or interior location near an entrance, if the model designation and
builder's serial number are also displayed on the aircraft fuselage exterior.
The model designation and builder's serial number must be legible to a person
on the ground and must be located either adjacent to and aft of the rear-most
entrance door or on the fuselage near the tail surfaces. The model
designation and builder's serial number must be displayed in such a manner
that they are not likely to be defaced or removed during normal service.
(a) The identification required by Sec. 45.11 (a) and (b) shall include the
following information:
(1) Builder's name.
(2) Model designation.
(3) Builder's serial number.
(4) Type certificate number, if any.
(5) Production certificate number, if any.
(6) For aircraft engines, the established rating.
(7) On or after January 1, 1984, for aircraft engines specified in part 34
of this chapter, the date of manufacture as defined in Sec. 34.1 of that
part, and a designation, approved by the Administrator of the FAA, that
indicates compliance with the applicable exhaust emission provisions of part
34 and 40 CFR part 87. Approved designations include COMPLY, EXEMPT, and NON-
US as appropriate.
(i) The designation COMPLY indicates that the engine is in compliance with
all of the applicable exhaust emissions provisions of part 34. For any engine
with a rated thrust in excess of 26.7 kilonewtons (6000 pounds) which is not
used or intended for use in commercial operations and which is in compliance
with the applicable provisions of part 34, but does not comply with the
hydrocarbon emissions standard of Sec. 34.21(d), the statement "May not be
used as a commercial aircraft engine" must be noted in the permanent
powerplant record that accompanies the engine at the time of manufacture of
the engine.
(ii) The designation EXEMPT indicates that the engine has been granted an
exemption pursuant to the applicable provision of Sec. 34.7 (a)(1), (a)(4),
(b), (c), or (d), and an indication of the type of exemption and the reason
for the grant must be noted in the permanent powerplant record that
accompanies the engine from the time of manufacture of the engine.
(iii) The designation NON-US indicates that the engine has been granted an
exemption pursuant to Sec. 34.7(a)(1), and the notation "This aircraft may
not be operated within the United States", or an equivalent notation approved
by the Administrator of the FAA, must be inserted in the aircraft logbook, or
alternate equivalent document, at the time of installation of the engine.
(8) Any other information the Administrator finds appropriate.
(b) Except as provided in paragraph (d)(1) of this section, no person may
remove, change, or place identification information required by paragraph (a)
of this section, on any aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller, propeller
blade, or propeller hub, without the approval of the Administrator.
(c) Except as provided in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, no person may
remove or install any identification plate required by Sec. 45.11 of this
part, without the approval of the Administrator.
(d) Persons performing work under the provisions of Part 43 of this chapter
may, in accordance with methods, techniques, and practices acceptable to the
Administrator--
(1) Remove, change, or place the identification information required by
paragraph (a) of this section on any aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller,
propeller blade, or propeller hub; or
(2) Remove an identification plate required by Sec. 45.11 when necessary
during maintenance operations.
(e) No person may install an identification plate removed in accordance
with paragraph (d)(2) of this section on any aircraft, aircraft engine,
propeller, propeller blade, or propeller hub other than the one from which it
was removed.
SUMMARY: This final rule codifies as new part 34 all of the applicable
aircraft engine fuel venting and exhaust emission requirements of Special
Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR) 27-5, and the test procedures specified
under the regulations implementing the Clean Air Act. This rule consolidates
all of the requirements and test procedures into this part, and inserts into
other affected parts the requirements to comply with new part 34. New part 34
does not alter any of the requirements specified under SFAR 27-5 or the
regulations implementing the Clean Air Act.
Each person who produces a part for which a replacement time, inspection
interval, or related procedure is specified in the Airworthiness Limitations
section of a manufacturer's maintenance manual or Instructions for Continued
Airworthiness shall permanently and legibly mark that component with a part
number (or equivalent) and a serial number (or equivalent).
[Amdt. 45-16, 51 FR 40703, Nov. 7, 1986]
Sec. 45.15 Replacement and modification parts.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each person who
produces a replacement or modification part under a Parts Manufacturer
Approval issued under Sec. 21.303 of this chapter shall permanently and
legibly mark the part with--
(1) The letters "FAA-PMA";
(2) The name, trademark, or symbol of the holder of the Parts Manufacturer
Approval;
(3) The part number; and
(4) The name and model designation of each type certificated product on
which the part is eligible for installation.
(b) If the Administrator finds that a part is too small or that it is
otherwise impractical to mark a part with any of the information required by
paragraph (a) of this section, a tag attached to the part or its container
must include the information that could not be marked on the part. If the
marking required by paragraph (a)(4) of this section is so extensive that to
mark it on a tag is impractical, the tag attached to the part or the
container may refer to a specific readily available manual or catalog for
part eligibility information.
[Amdt. 45-8, 37 FR 10660, May 26, 1972, as amended by Amdt. 45-14, 47 FR
13315, Mar. 29, 1982]
Subpart C--Nationality and Registration Marks
Sec. 45.21 General.
(a) Except as provided in Sec. 45.22, no person may operate a U.S.-
registered aircraft unless that aircraft displays nationality and
registration marks in accordance with the requirements of this section and
Secs. 45.23 through 45.33.
(b) Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, no person may place
on any aircraft a design, mark, or symbol that modifies or confuses the
nationality and registration marks.
(c) Aircraft nationality and registration marks must--
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, be painted on the
aircraft or affixed by any other means insuring a similar degree of
permanence;
(2) Have no ornamentation;
(3) Contrast in color with the background; and
(4) Be legible.
(d) The aircraft nationality and registration marks may be affixed to an
aircraft with readily removable material if--
(1) It is intended for immediate delivery to a foreign purchaser;
(2) It is bearing a temporary registration number; or
(3) It is marked temporarily to meet the requirements of Sec. 45.22(c)(1)
or Sec. 45.29(h) of this part, or both.
[Doc. No. 8093, Amdt. 45-5, 33 FR 450, Jan 12, 1968, as amended by Amdt. 45-
17, 52 FR 34102, Sept. 9, 1987]
Sec. 45.22 Exhibition, antique, and other aircraft: Special rules.
(a) When display of aircraft nationality and registration marks in
accordance with Secs. 45.21 and 45.23 through 45.33 would be inconsistent
with exhibition of that aircraft, a U.S.-registered aircraft may be operated
without displaying those marks anywhere on the aircraft if:
(1) It is operated for the purpose of exhibition, including a motion
picture or television production, or an airshow;
(2) Except for practice and test fights necessary for exhibition purposes,
it is operated only at the location of the exhibition, between the exhibition
locations, and between those locations and the base of operations of the
aircraft; and
(3) For each flight in the United States:
(i) It is operated with the prior approval of the Flight Standards District
Office, in the case of a flight within the designated airport control zone of
the takeoff airport, or within 5 miles of that airport if it has no
designated control zone; or
(ii) It is operated under a flight plan filed under either Sec. 91.153 or
Sec. 91.169 of this chapter describing the marks it displays, in the case of
any other flight.
(b) A small U.S.-registered aircraft built at least 30 years ago or a U.S.-
registered aircraft for which an experimental certificate has been issued
under Sec. 21.191(d) or 21.191(g) for operation as an exhibition aircraft or
as an amateur-built aircraft and which has the same external configuration as
an aircraft built at least 30 years ago may be operated without displaying
marks in accordance with Secs. 45.21 and 45.23 through 45.33 if:
(1) It displays in accordance with Sec. 45.21(c) marks at least 2 inches
high on each side of the fuselage or vertical tail surface consisting of the
Roman capital letter "N" followed by:
(i) The U.S. registration number of the aircraft; or
(ii) The symbol appropriate to the airworthiness certificate of the
aircraft ("C", standard; "R", restricted; "L", limited; or "X", experimental)
followed by the U.S. registration number of the aircraft; and
(2) It displays no other mark that begins with the letter "N" anywhere on
the aircraft, unless it is the same mark that is displayed under paragraph
(b)(1) of this section.
(c) No person may operate an aircraft under paragraph (a) or (b) of this
section--
(1) In an ADIZ or DEWIZ described in Part 99 of this chapter unless it
temporarily bears marks in accordance with Secs. 45.21 and 45.23 through
45.33;
(2) In a foreign country unless that country consents to that operation; or
(3) In any operation conducted under Part 121, 127, 133, 135, or 137 of
this chapter.
(d) If, due to the configuration of an aircraft, it is impossible for a
person to mark it in accordance with Secs. 45.21 and 45.23 through 45.33, he
may apply to the Administrator for a different marking procedure.
Effective Date Note: Amdt. No. 45-21, 56 FR 65653, Dec. 17, 1991, revised
paragraph (a)(3)(i) effective September 16, 1993 to read as follows:
(a) * * *
(3) * * *
(i) It is operated with the prior approval of the Flight Standards District
Office, in the case of a flight within the lateral boundaries of the surface
areas of Class B, Class C, Class D, or Class E airspace designated for the
takeoff airport, or within 4.4 nautical miles of that airport if it is within
Class G airspace; or
SUMMARY: This final rule amends the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) to
adopt certain recommendations of the National Airspace Review (NAR)
concerning changes to regulations and procedures in regard to airspace
classifications. These changes are intended to :(1) Simplify airspace
designations; (2) achieve international commonality of airspace designations;
(3) increase standardization of equipment requirements for operations in
various classifications of airspace; (4) describe appropriate pilot
certificate requirements, visual flight rules (VFR) visibility and distance
from cloud rules, and air traffic services offered in each class of airspace;
and (5) satisfy the responsibilities of the United States as a member of the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The final rule also amends
the requirement for minimum distance from clouds in certain airspace areas
and the requirements for communications with air traffic control (ATC) in
certain airspace areas; eliminates airport radar service areas (ARSAs),
control zones, and terminal control areas (TCAs) as airspace classifications;
and eliminates the term "airport traffic area." The FAA believes simplified
airspace classifications will reduce existing airspace complexity and thereby
enhance safety.
EFFECTIVE DATE: These regulations become effective September 16, 1993,
except that Secs. 11.61(c), 91.215(d), 71.601, 71.603, 71.605, 71.607, and
71.609 and Part 75 become effective December 12, 1991, and except that
amendatory instruction number 20, Sec. 71.1 is effective as of September 15,
1993, and that Secs. 71.11 and 71.19 become effective October 15, 1992. The
incorporation by reference of FAA Order 7400.7 in Sec. 71.1 (amendatory
instruction number 20) is approved by the Director of the Federal Register
as of December 17, 1991, through September 15, 1993. The incorporation by
reference of FAA Order 7400.9 in Sec. 71.1 (amendatory instruction number 24)
is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of September 16,
1993 through September 15, 1994.
(a) Each operator of an aircraft shall display on that aircraft marks
consisting of the Roman capital letter "N" (denoting United States
registration) followed by the registration number of the aircraft. Each
suffix letter used in the marks displayed must also be a Roman capital
letter.
(b) When marks that include only the Roman capital letter "N" and the
registration number are displayed on limited or restricted category aircraft
or experimental or provisionally certificated aircraft, the operator shall
also display on that aircraft near each entrance to the cabin or cockpit, in
letters not less than 2 inches nor more than 6 inches in height, the words
"limited," "restricted," "experimental," or "provisional airworthiness," as
the case may be.
[Doc. No. 8093, Amdt. 45-5, 33 FR 450, Jan. 12, 1968, as amended by Amdt. 45-
9, 42 FR 41102, Aug. 15, 1977]
Sec. 45.25 Location of marks on fixed-wing aircraft.
(a) The operator of a fixed-wing aircraft shall display the required marks
on either the vertical tail surfaces or the sides of the fuselage, except as
provided in Sec. 45.29(f).
(b) The marks required by paragraph (a) of this section shall be displayed
as follows:
(1) If displayed on the vertical tail surfaces, horizontally on both
surfaces, horizontally on both surfaces of a single vertical tail or on the
outer surfaces of a multivertical tail. However, on aircraft on which marks
at least 3 inches high may be displayed in accordance with Sec. 45.29(b)(1),
the marks may be displayed vertically on the vertical tail surfaces.
(2) If displayed on the fuselage surfaces, horizontally on both sides of
the fuselage between the trailing edge of the wing and the leading edge of
the horizontal stabilizer. However, if engine pods or other appurtenances are
located in this area and are an integral part of the fuselage side surfaces,
the operator may place the marks on those pods or appurtenances.
[Amdt. 45-9, 42 FR 41102, Aug. 15, 1977]
Sec. 45.27 Location of marks; nonfixed-wing aircraft.
(a) Rotorcraft. Each operator of a rotorcraft shall display on that
rotorcraft horizontally on both surfaces of the cabin, fuselage, boom, or
tail the marks required by Sec. 45.23.
(b) Airships. Each operator of an airship shall display on that airship the
marks required by Sec. 45.23, horizontally on--
(1) The upper surface of the right horizontal stabilizer and on the under
surface of the left horizontal stabilizer with the top of the marks toward
the leading edge of each stabilizer; and
(2) Each side of the bottom half of the vertical stabilizer.
(c) Spherical balloons. Each operator of a spherical balloon shall display
the marks required by Sec. 45.23 in two places diametrically opposite and
near the maximum horizontal circumference of that balloon.
(d) Nonspherical balloons. Each operator of a nonspherical balloon shall
display the marks required by Sec. 45.23 on each side of the balloon near its
maximum cross section and immediately above either the rigging band or the
points of attachment of the basket or cabin suspension cables.
[Doc. No. 2047, 29 FR 3223, Mar. 11, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 45-15, 48 FR
11392, Mar. 17, 1983]
Sec. 45.29 Size of marks.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, each operator of
an aircraft shall display marks on the aircraft meeting the size requirements
of this section.
(b) Height. Except as provided in paragraph (h) of this part, the
nationality and registration marks must be of equal height and on--
(1) Fixed-wing aircraft, must be at least 12 inches high, except that:
(i) An aircraft displaying marks at least 2 inches high before November 1,
1981 and an aircraft manufactured after November 2, 1981, but before January
1, 1983, may display those marks until the aircraft is repainted or the marks
are repainted, restored, or changed;
(ii) Marks at least 3 inches high may be displayed on a glider;
(iii) Marks at least 3 inches high may be displayed on an aircraft for
which an experimental certificate has been issued under Sec. 21.191(d) or
21.191(g) for operating as an exhibition aircraft or as an amateur-built
aircraft when the maximum cruising speed of the aircraft does not exceed 180
knots CAS; and
(iv) Marks may be displayed on an exhibition, antique, or other aircraft in
accordance with Sec. 45.22.
(2) Airships, spherical balloons, and nonspherical balloons, must be at
least 3 inches high; and
(3) Rotorcraft, must be at least 12 inches high, except that rotorcraft
displaying before April 18, 1983, marks required by Sec. 45.29(b)(3) in
effect on April 17, 1983, and rotorcraft manufactured on or after April 18,
1983, but before December 31, 1983, may display those marks until the
aircraft is repainted or the marks are repainted, restored, or changed.
(c) Width. Characters must be two-thirds as wide as they are high, except
the number "1", which must be one-sixth as wide as it is high, and the
letters "M" and "W" which may be as wide as they are high.
(d) Thickness. Characters must be formed by solid lines one-sixth as thick
as the character is high.
(e) Spacing. The space between each character may not be less than one-
fourth of the character width.
(f) If either one of the surfaces authorized for displaying required marks
under Sec. 45.25 is large enough for display of marks meeting the size
requirements of this section and the other is not, full-size marks shall be
placed on the larger surface. If neither surface is large enough for full-
size marks, marks as large as practicable shall be displayed on the larger of
the two surfaces. If any surface authorized to be marked by Sec. 45.27 is not
large enough for full-size marks, marks as large as practicable shall be
placed on the largest of the authorized surfaces.
(g) Uniformity. The marks required by this part for fixed-wing aircraft
must have the same height, width, thickness, and spacing on both sides of the
aircraft.
(h) After March 7, 1988, each operator of an aircraft penetrating an ADIZ
or DEWIZ shall display on that aircraft temporary or permanent nationality
and registration marks at least 12 inches high.
[Doc. No. 2047, 29 FR 3223, Mar. 11, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 45-2, 31 FR
9863, July 21, 1966; Amdt. 45-9, 42 FR 41102, Aug. 15, 1977; Amdt. 45-13, 46
FR 48604, Oct. 1, 1981; Amdt. 45-15, 48 FR 11392, Mar. 17, 1983; Amdt. 45-17,
52 FR 34102, Sept. 9, 1987; 52 FR 36566, Sept. 30, 1987]
Sec. 45.31 Marking of export aircraft.
A person who manufactures an aircraft in the United States for delivery
outside thereof may display on that aircraft any marks required by the State
of registry of the aircraft. However, no person may operate an aircraft so
marked within the United States, except for test and demonstration flights
for a limited period of time, or while in necessary transit to the purchaser.
Sec. 45.33 Sale of aircraft; removal of marks.
When an aircraft that is registered in the United States is sold, the
holder of the Certificate of Aircraft Registration shall remove, before its
delivery to the purchaser, all United States marks from the aircraft, unless
the purchaser is--
(a) A citizen of the United States;
(b) An individual citizen of a foreign country who is lawfully admitted for
permanent residence in the United States; or
(c) When the aircraft is to be based and primarily used in the United
States, a corporation (other than a corporation which is a citizen of the
United States) lawfully organized and doing business under the laws of the
United States or any State thereof.
