Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 45-1 [Note]
Subpart A--General
Sec.
105.1 Applicability.
Subpart B--Operating Rules
105.11 Applicability.
105.13 General.
105.14 Radio equipment and use requirements.
105.15 Jumps over or into congested areas or open air assembly of persons.
105.17 Jumps over or onto airports.
105.19 Jumps in or into control zones with functioning control towers
operated by the United States.
105.20 Jumps in or into airport radar service areas.
105.21 Jumps into or within positive control areas and terminal control
areas.
105.23 Jumps in or into other airspace.
105.25 Information required, and notice of cancellation or postponement of
jump.
105.27 Jumps over or within restricted or prohibited areas.
105.29 Flight visibility and clearance from clouds requirements.
105.33 Parachute jumps between sunset and sunrise.
105.35 Liquor and drugs.
105.37 Inspections.
Subpart C--Parachute Equipment
105.41 Applicability.
105.43 Parachute equipment and packing requirements.
EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: Amdt. 105-10, 56 FR 65663, Dec. 17, 1991, revised Sec.
105.19 and removed and reserved Sec.s 105.20 and 105.21 effective
September 16, 1993. For the convenience of the user, the revised and reserved
items are set forth as follows:
PART 105--PARACHUTE JUMPING
* * * * *
Subpart B--Operating Rules
* * * * *
105.19 Jumps in or into Class A, Class B, Class C, and Class D airspace.
105.20 [Reserved]
105.21 [Reserved]
Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 45-1
Editorial Note: For the text of SFAR No. 45-1, see Part 71 of this chapter.
Subpart A--General
Sec. 105.1 Applicability.
(a) This part prescribes rules governing parachute jumps made in the United
States except parachute jumps necessary because of an inflight emergency.
(b) For the purposes of this part, a "parachute jump" means the descent of
a person, to the surface from an aircraft in flight, when he intends to use,
or uses, a parachute during all or part of that descent.
Subpart B--Operating Rules
Sec. 105.11 Applicability.
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, this
subpart prescribes operating rules governing parachute jumps to which this
part applies.
(b) This subpart does not apply to a parachute jump necessary to meet an
emergency on the surface, when it is made at the direction, or with the
approval, of an agency of the United States, or of a State, Puerto Rico, the
District of Columbia, or a possession of the United States, or of a political
subdivision of any of them.
(c) Sections 105.13 through 105.17 and Secs. 105.27 through 105.37 of this
subpart do not apply to a parachute jump made by a member of an Armed Force:
(1) Over or within a restricted area when that area is under the control of
an Armed Force; or
(2) In military operations in uncontrolled airspace.
(d) Section 105.23 does not apply to a parachute jump made by a member of
an Armed Force within a restricted area that extends upward from the surface
when that area is under the control of an Armed Force.
[Doc. No. 1491, 27 FR 11636, Nov. 27, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 105-4, 33 FR
11901, Aug. 22, 1968]
Sec. 105.13 General.
No person may make a parachute jump, and no pilot in command of an aircraft
may allow a parachute jump to be made from that aircraft, if that jump
creates a hazard to air traffic or to persons or property on the surface.
Sec. 105.14 Radio equipment and use requirements.
(a) Except when otherwise authorized by ATC--
(1) No person may make a parachute jump, and no pilot in command of an
aircraft may allow a parachute jump to be made from that aircraft, in or into
controlled airspace unless, during that flight--
(i) The aircraft is equipped with a functioning two-way radio
communications system appropriate to the ATC facilities to be used;
(ii) Radio communications have been established between the aircraft and
the nearest FAA air traffic control facility or FAA flight service station at
least 5 minutes before the jumping activity is to begin, for the purpose of
receiving information in the aircraft about known air traffic in the vicinity
of the jumping activity; and
(iii) The information described in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section has
been received by the pilot in command and the jumpers in that flight; and
(2) The pilot in command of an aircraft used for any jumping activity in or
into controlled airspace shall, during each flight--
(i) Maintain or have maintained a continuous watch on the appropriate
frequency of the aircraft's radio communications system from the time radio
communications are first established between the aircraft and ATC, until he
advises ATC that the jumping activity is ended from that flight; and
(ii) Advise ATC that the jumping activity is ended for that flight when the
last parachute jumper from the aircraft reaches the ground.
(b) If, during any flight, the required radio communications system is or
becomes inoperative, any jumping activity from the aircraft in or into
controlled airspace shall be abandoned. However, if the communications system
becomes inoperative in flight after receipt of a required ATC authorization,
the jumping activity from that flight may be continued.
[Amdt. 105-2, 31 FR 16612, Dec. 29, 1966]
Sec. 105.15 Jumps over or into congested areas or open air assembly of
persons.
(a) No person may make a parachute jump, and no pilot in command of an
aircraft may allow a parachute jump to be made from that aircraft, over or
into a congested area of a city, town, or settlement, or an open air assembly
of person unless a certificate of authorization for that jump has been issued
under this section. However, a parachutist may drift over that congested area
or open air assembly with a fully deployed and properly functioning parachute
if he is at a sufficient altitude to avoid creating a hazard to persons and
property on the ground.
(b) An application for a certificate of authorization issued under this
section is made in a form and in a manner prescribed by the Administrator and
must be submitted to the FAA Flight Standards District Office having
jurisdiction over the area in which the parachute jump is to be made, at
least 4 days before the day of that jump.
(c) Each holder of a certificate of authorization issued under this section
shall present that certificate for inspection upon the request of the
Administrator, or any Federal, State, or local official.
Unless prior approval has been given by the airport management, no person
may make a parachute jump, and no pilot in command of an aircraft may allow a
parachute jump to be made from that aircraft--
(a) Over an airport that does not have a functioning control tower operated
by the United States; or
(b) Onto any airport.
However, a parachutist may drift over that airport with a fully deployed and
properly functioning parachute if he is at least 2,000 feet above that
airport's traffic pattern, and avoids creating a hazard to air traffic or to
persons and property on the ground.
Sec. 105.19 Jumps in or into Class A, Class B, Class C, and Class D
airspace.
(a) No person may make a parachute jump, and no pilot in command may allow
a parachute jump to be made from that aircraft, in or into Class A, Class B,
Class C, and Class D airspace without, or in violation of, the terms of an
ATC authorization issued under this section.
(b) Each request for an authorization under this section must be submitted
to the nearest FAA air traffic control facility or FAA flight service station
and must include the information prescribed by Sec. 105.25(a).
EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: Amdt. 105-10, 56 FR 65663, Dec. 17, 1991, revised
Sec. 105.19 effective September 16, 1993. The text of Sec. 105.19 in effect
until September 16, 1993 reads as follows:
Sec. 105.19 Jumps in or into control zones with functioning control towers
operated by the United States.
(a) No person may make a parachute jump, and no pilot in command may allow
a parachute jump to be made from that aircraft, in or into a control zone in
which there is a functioning control tower operated by the United States
without, or in violation of the terms of, an authorization issued under this
section.
(b) Each request for an authorization under this section must be submitted
t@the control tower having jurisdiction over the control zone concerned and
must include the information prescribed in Sec. 105.25.
SUMMARY: This final rule amends the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) to
adopt certain recommendations of the National Airspace Review (NAR)
concerning changes to regulations and procedures in regard to airspace
classifications. These changes are intended to: (1) Simplify airspace
designations; (2) achieve international commonality of airspace designations;
(3) increase standardization of equipment requirements for operations in
various classifications of airspace; (4) describe appropriate pilot
certificate requirements, visual flight rules (VFR) visibility and distance
from cloud rules, and air traffic services offered in each class of airspace;
and (5) satisfy the responsibilities of the United States as a member of the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The final rule also amends
the requirement for minimum distance from clouds in certain airspace areas
and the requirements for communications with air traffic control (ATC) in
certain airspace areas; eliminates airport radar service areas (ARSAs),
control zones, and terminal control areas (TCAs) as airspace classifications;
and eliminates the term "airport traffic area." The FAA believes simplified
airspace classifications will reduce existing airspace complexity and thereby
enhance safety.
EFFECTIVE DATE: These regulations become effective September 16, 1993,
except that Secs. 11.61(c), 91.215(d), 71.601, 71.603, 71.605, 71.607, and
71.609 and Part 75 become effective December 12, 1991, and except that
amendatory instruction number 20, Sec. 71.1, is effective as of December 17,
1991 through September 15, 1993, and that Secs. 71.11 and 71.19 become
effective October 15, 1992. The incorporation by reference of FAA Order
7400.7 in Sec. 71.1 (amendatory instruction number 20) is approved by the
Director of the Federal Register as of December 17, 1991, through September
15, 1993. The incorporation by reference of FAA Order 7400.9 in Sec. 71.1
(amendatory instruction number 24) is approved by the Director of the
Federal Register as of September 16, 1993 through September 15, 1994.
EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: Amdt. 105-10, 56 FR 65663, Dec. 17, 1991, removed and
reserved Sec. 105.20 effective September 16, 1993. The text of Sec. 105.20 in
effect until September 16, 1993 reads as follows:
Sec. 105.20 Jumps in or into airport radar service areas.
(a) No person may make a parachute jump and no pilot in command may allow a
parachute jump to be made from that aircraft in or into an airport radar
service area without, or in violation of, the terms of an ATC authorization
issued under this section.
(b) Each request for an authorization under this section must be submitted
to the control tower at the airport for which the airport radar service area
is designated.
SUMMARY: This final rule amends the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) to
adopt certain recommendations of the National Airspace Review (NAR)
concerning changes to regulations and procedures in regard to airspace
classifications. These changes are intended to: (1) Simplify airspace
designations; (2) achieve international commonality of airspace designations;
(3) increase standardization of equipment requirements for operations in
various classifications of airspace; (4) describe appropriate pilot
certificate requirements, visual flight rules (VFR) visibility and distance
from cloud rules, and air traffic services offered in each class of airspace;
and (5) satisfy the responsibilities of the United States as a member of the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The final rule also amends
the requirement for minimum distance from clouds in certain airspace areas
and the requirements for communications with air traffic control (ATC) in
certain airspace areas; eliminates airport radar service areas (ARSAs),
control zones, and terminal control areas (TCAs) as airspace classifications;
and eliminates the term "airport traffic area." The FAA believes simplified
airspace classifications will reduce existing airspace complexity and thereby
enhance safety.
EFFECTIVE DATE: These regulations become effective September 16, 1993,
except that Secs. 11.61(c), 91.215(d), 71.601, 71.603, 71.605, 71.607, and
71.609 and Part 75 become effective December 12, 1991, and except that
amendatory instruction number 20, Sec. 71.1, is effective as of December 17,
1991 through September 15, 1993, and that Secs. 71.11 and 71.19 become
effective October 15, 1992. The incorporation by reference of FAA Order
7400.7 in Sec. 71.1 (amendatory instruction number 20) is approved by the
Director of the Federal Register as of December 17, 1991, through September
15, 1993. The incorporation by reference of FAA Order 7400.9 in Sec. 71.1
(amendatory instruction number 24) is approved by the Director of the
Federal Register as of September 16, 1993 through September 15, 1994.
EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: Amdt. 105-10, 56 FR 65663, Dec. 17, 1991, removed and
reserved Sec. 105.21 effective September 16, 1993. The text of Sec. 105.21 in
effect until September 16, 1993 reads as follows:
Sec. 105.21 Jumps into or within positive control areas and terminal
control areas.
(a) No person may make a parachute jump, and no pilot in command of an
aircraft may allow a parachute jump to be made from that aircraft, in or into
a positive control area or terminal control area without, or in violation of,
an authorization issued under this section.
(b) Each request for an authorization issued under this section must be
submitted to the nearest FAA air traffic control facility or FAA flight
service station and must include the information prescribed by Sec.
105.25(a).
[Amdt. 105-2, 31 FR 16612, Dec. 29, 1966, as amended by Amdt. 105-9, 51 FR
21907, June 17, 1986]
SUMMARY: This final rule amends the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) to
adopt certain recommendations of the National Airspace Review (NAR)
concerning changes to regulations and procedures in regard to airspace
classifications. These changes are intended to: (1) Simplify airspace
designations; (2) achieve international commonality of airspace designations;
(3) increase standardization of equipment requirements for operations in
various classifications of airspace; (4) describe appropriate pilot
certificate requirements, visual flight rules (VFR) visibility and distance
from cloud rules, and air traffic services offered in each class of airspace;
and (5) satisfy the responsibilities of the United States as a member of the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The final rule also amends
the requirement for minimum distance from clouds in certain airspace areas
and the requirements for communications with air traffic control (ATC) in
certain airspace areas; eliminates airport radar service areas (ARSAs),
control zones, and terminal control areas (TCAs) as airspace classifications;
and eliminates the term "airport traffic area." The FAA believes simplified
airspace classifications will reduce existing airspace complexity and thereby
enhance safety.
EFFECTIVE DATE: These regulations become effective September 16, 1993,
except that Secs. 11.61(c), 91.215(d), 71.601, 71.603, 71.605, 71.607, and
71.609 and Part 75 become effective December 12, 1991, and except that
amendatory instruction number 20, Sec. 71.1, is effective as of December 17,
1991 through September 15, 1993, and that Secs. 71.11 and 71.19 become
effective October 15, 1992. The incorporation by reference of FAA Order
7400.7 in Sec. 71.1 (amendatory instruction number 20) is approved by the
Director of the Federal Register as of December 17, 1991, through September
15, 1993. The incorporation by reference of FAA Order 7400.9 in Sec. 71.1
(amendatory instruction number 24) is approved by the Director of the
Federal Register as of September 16, 1993 through September 15, 1994.
(a) No person may make a parachute jump, and no pilot in command of an
aircraft may allow a parachute jump to be made from that aircraft, in or into
airspace unless the nearest FAA air traffic control facility or FAA flight
service station was notified of that jump at least 1 hour before the jump is
to be made, but not more than 24 hours before the jumping is to be completed,
and the notice contained the information prescribed in Sec. 105.25(a).
(b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this section, ATC may accept from a
parachute jumping organization a written notification of a scheduled series
of jumps to be made over a stated period of time not longer than 12 calendar
months. The notification must contain the information prescribed by Sec.
105.25(a), identify the responsible persons associated with that jumping
activity, and be submitted at least 15 days, but not more than 30 days,
before the jumping is to begin. ATC may revoke the acceptance of the
notification for any failure of the jumping organization to comply with its
terms.
(c) This section does not apply to parachute jumps in or into any airspace
or place described in Sec. 105.15, Sec. 105.19, or Sec. 105.21.
[Amdt. 105-2, 31 FR 16612, Dec. 29, 1966]
Sec. 105.25 Information required, and notice of cancellation or
postponement of jump.
(a) Each person requesting an authorization under Sec. 105.19 or Sec.
105.21, and each person submitting a notice under Sec. 105.23, must include
the following information (on an individual or group basis) in that request
or notice:
(1) The date and time jumping will begin.
(2) The size of the jump zone expressed in nautical mile radius around the
target.
(3) The location of the center of the jump zone in relation to--
(i) The nearest VOR facility in terms of the VOR radial on which it is
located, and its distance in nautical miles from the VOR facility when that
facility is 30 nautical miles or less from the drop zone target; or
(ii) The nearest airport, town, or city depicted on the appropriate Coast
and Geodetic Survey WAC or Sectional Aeronautical chart, when the nearest VOR
facility is more than 30 nautical miles from the drop zone target.
(4) The altitudes above mean sea level at which jumping will take place.
(5) The duration of the intended jump.
(6) The name, address, and telephone number of the person requesting the
authorization or giving notice.
(7) The identification of the aircraft to be used.
(8) The radio frequencies, if any, available in the aircraft.
(b) Each person requesting an authorization under Sec. 105.19 or Sec.
105.21, and each person submitting a notice under Sec. 105.23, must promptly
notify the FAA air traffic control facility or FAA flight service station
from which it requested authorization or which it notified, if the proposed
or scheduled jumping activity is canceled or postponed.
[Amdt. 105-2, 31 FR 16612, Dec. 29, 1966, as amended by Amdt. 105-6, 41 FR
47229, Oct. 28, 1976; Amdt. 105-9, 51 FR 21907, June 17, 1986]
Sec. 105.27 Jumps over or within restricted or prohibited areas.
No person may make a parachute jump, and no pilot in command may allow a
parachute jump to be made from that aircraft, over or within a restricted
area or prohibited area unless the controlling agency of the area concerned
has authorized that jump.
Sec. 105.29 Flight visibility and clearance from clouds requirements.
No person may make a parachute jump, and no pilot in command of an aircraft
may allow a parachute jump to be made from that aircraft--
(a) Into or through a cloud; or
(b) When the flight visibility is less, or at a distance from clouds that
is less, than that prescribed in the following table:
Flight
visibility
(statute
Altitude miles) Distance from clouds
(1) 1,200 feet or less above 3 500 feet below. 1,000 feet
the surface regardless of the above. 2,000 feet horizontal.
MSL altitude
(2) More than 1,200 feet above 3 500 feet below. 1,000 feet
the surface but less than above. 2,000 feet horizontal.
10,000 feet MSL
(3) More than 1,200 feet above 5 1,000 feet below. 1,000 feet
the surface and at or above above. 1 mile horizontal.
10,000 feet MSL
[Amdt. 105-5, 36 FR 8775, May 13, 1971]
Sec. 105.33 Parachute jumps between sunset and sunrise.
(a) No person may make a parachute jump, and no pilot in command of an
aircraft may allow any person to make a parachute jump from that aircraft,
between sunset and sunrise, unless that person is equipped with a means of
producing a light visible for at least 3 statute miles.
(b) Each person making a parachute jump between sunset and sunrise shall
display the light required by paragraph (a) of this section from the time
that person exits the aircraft until that person reaches the surface.
[Amdt. 105-7, 43 FR 22641, May 25, 1978]
Sec. 105.35 Liquor and drugs.
No person may make a parachute jump while, and no pilot in command of an
aircraft may allow a person to make a parachute jump from that aircraft if
that person appears to be:
(a) Under the influence of intoxicating liquor; or
(b) Using any drug that affects his faculties in any way contrary to
safety.
Sec. 105.37 Inspections.
The Administrator may inspect (including inspections at the jump site), any
parachute jump operation to which this part applies, to determine compliance
with the regulations of this part.
Subpart C--Parachute Equipment
Sec. 105.41 Applicability.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, this subpart
prescribes rules governing parachute equipment used in parachute jumps to
which this part applies.
(b) This subpart does not apply to a parachute jump made by a member of an
Armed Force using parachute equipment of an Armed Force.
Sec. 105.43 Parachute equipment and packing requirements.
(a) No person may make a parachute jump, and no pilot in command of an
aircraft may allow any person to make a parachute jump from that aircraft,
unless that person is wearing a single harness dual parachute pack, having at
least one main parachute and one approved auxiliary parachute that are packed
as follows:
(1) The main parachute must have been packed by a certificated parachute
rigger, or by the person making the jump, within 120 days before the date of
its use.
(2) The auxiliary must have been packed by a certificated and appropriately
rated parachute rigger:
(i) Within 120 days before the date of use, if its canopy, shroud, and
harness are composed exclusively of nylon, rayon, or other similar synthetic
fiber or material that is substantially resistant to damage from mold,
mildew, or other fungi and other rotting agents propagated in a moist
environment; or
(ii) Within 60 days before the date of use, if it is composed in any amount
of silk, pongee, or other natural fiber, or material not specified in
paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section.
(b) No person may make a parachute jump using a static line attached to the
aircraft and the main parachute unless an assist device, described and
attached as follows, is used to aid the pilot chute in performing its
function, or, if no pilot chute is used, to aid in the direct deployment of
the main parachute canopy.
(1) The assist device must be long enough to allow the container to open
before a load is placed on the device.
(2) The assist device must have a static load strength of--
(i) At least 28 pounds but not more than 160 pounds, if it is used to aid
the pilot chute in performing its function; or
(ii) At least 56 pounds but not more than 320 pounds, if it is used to aid
in the direct deployment of the main parachute canopy.
(3) The assist device must be attached--
(i) At one end, to the static line above the static line pins, or, if
static pins are not used, above the static line ties to the parachute cone;
and
(ii) At the other end, to the pilot chute apex, bridle cord or bridle loop,
or, if no pilot chute is used, to the main parachute canopy.
(c) No person may attach an assist device required by paragraph (b) of this
section to any main parachute unless he has a current parachute rigger
certificate issued under Part 65 of this chapter or is the person who makes
the jump with that parachute.
(d) For the purpose of this section, an "approved" parachute is:
(1) A parachute manufactured under a type certificate or a technical
standard order (C-23 series); or
(2) A personnel-carrying military parachute (other than a high altitude,
high-speed, or ejection kind) identified by an NAF, AAF, or AN drawing
number, an AAF order number, or any other military designation or
specification number.
[Doc. No. 1491, 27 FR 11636, Nov. 27, 1962 as amended by Amdt. 105-3, 33 FR
8481 June 8, 1968; Amdt. 105-7, 43 FR 22641, May 25, 1978]
