TELECOM Digest Wed, 19 Jan 94 08:22:00 CST Volume 14 : Issue 40
Inside This Issue: Editor: Patrick A. Townson
Earthquake Telecom Outages (John Coe)
Earthquake and 818 AC (Chris Labatt-Simon)
Question on Trunks and T1's (PacBell) (Ken Stone)
Connecting to Remote Serial Port Over WAN (Steve Pinkston)
How Long Will Cell Sites in LA Run Without Standard Power? (David Kiviat)
Real Time Audio Compression (Alfredo E. Cotroneo)
Invitation to Participate in ICSI94 (Walace Sartori Bonfim)
Wireless PBX Information Wanted (Kevin Tanner)
Pac*Bell Permanent Virtual Connection Service Tariff (Robert L. McMillin)
Pay Phone Inband and Out of Band Signalling (Alex Jeannopoulos)
Internet ISDN Connection (
[email protected])
Itemized Phone Bills in the USA (Pawel Dobrowolski)
Using Radio For T1 Links (Jim Mercer)
Value of Service Pricing (Fred Goldstein)
How Cold is Co-o-o-old? (Christian Weisgerber)
TELECOM Digest is an electronic journal devoted mostly but not
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
From:
[email protected] (John Coe)
Subject: Earthquake Telecom Outages
Date: 18 Jan 1994 20:01:43 GMT
Organization: Booz, Allen, and Hamilton
Has anyone come across any preliminary official reports on telecom
outages due to the LA earthquake? In particular, I'm interested in
reports of facility damage and traffic overloads.
[TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: Someone at GTE (I won't say who, but
it is *not* Steven Lichter, and I stress that point to certain GTE
executives!) is sending me reports from GTE telling about their prob-
lems. Just a few of their problems include:
The Granada Hills Directory Assistance Office Building partially
collapsed. Personnel were evacuated and DA functions moved elsewhere.
At Santa Monica Toll a ruptured fuel tank has left the office with
fuel all over the floor and everywhere else. On Tuesday they were
waiting for Fire Department clearance to get in and begin a cleanup
and restoration of normal functions there.
Paccoima CO has major damage to the building. Emergency personnel
evactuated the building and employees are now being let back in as
needed to do what they can to restore service.
San Fernando has a large crack in the power room wall and the
building foundation is badly compromised.
The Santa Monica 1AESSS has a leaking fuel supply, and the Sunset
office in Santa Monica has broken water pipes.
Bel Air, Camarillo and Ellwood CO in Santa Barbara have no commercial
power and are running on generators. In Granada Hills, there was some
damage to the switch resulting in blown power supplies and about half
the switch had no dial tone on Monday and Tuesday.
Pacoima #2 EAX is totally out of service. An emergency trailer has
been set up to serve 11,364 customers. In that same office, the gen-
erator was knocked off its foundation and has been damaged severely.
They intend to cut lines to GTD-5 if #2 cannot be restored.
The above are just a few of the problems, and apparently among the
worst, although I may have overlooked some in the lengthy fax which
was sent to my attention Tuesday. Even the offices not severely damaged
are operating under considerable strain since nearly every office had
at least some minor damage and disruption of service or record-keeping
systems, etc. GTE is attempting to serve the public under extreme
emergency conditions while trying to resolve their own internal
emergencies as well.
Coin Telephone Trailers have been set up in several of the hardest
hit areas. AT&T officials have met with GTE executives and offered
their full assistance with restoration efforts. PAT]
------------------------------
From:
[email protected] (Chris Labatt-Simon)
Subject: Earthquake and 818 AC
Date: 18 Jan 1994 17:07:59 GMT
Organization: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, USA
Yesterday I learned of the earthquake because of my calling a tech
support department in the 818 area code. I received a message back
saying "We're sorry, your call cannot be completed at this time due to
the earthquake in the area".
This morning around 9:30 (EST) I called again, and got the same
message. I then tried the 800 number and got through.
When I just tried the 818 number again, at about 11:30 EST, I got the
message that all circuits are busy. Guess they're starting to let
calls through again.
Of course I won't try to dial again for another couple of days, so
I don't tie up the phone lines unecessarily.
On another note, I just wanted to mention how great technology is.
I've been following the earthquake info on the Internet Relay Chat and
on CompuServe. The compassion that I'm finding in both of these
places is great to see. Many people are e-mailing from both in CA and
out of CA getting in touch with relatives and friends for people over
the phone.
Chris Labatt-Simon Internet:
[email protected]
Design & Disaster Recovery Consulting CIS: 73542,2601
Albany, New York
PHONE: (518) 495-5474 FAX: (518) 786-6539
Subscribe to the Lotus Notes Mailing List - e-mail me for info....
[TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: My GTE contact had this to say regards
choking of inbound traffic: AT&T has cancelled 87 percent of the traffic
into their Sherman Oaks, Gardena, Oxnard and and Los Angeles (92T)
tandems. They have cancelled 50 percent percent of the traffic into
the San Bernardino tandem and *all* of the traffic into the Los Angeles
03T tandem. MCI and Sprint have both cancelled 75 percent of their
traffic into Santa Monica and Thousand Oaks. PAT]
------------------------------
Subject: Question on Trunks and T1's (PacBell)
Date: Tue, 18 Jan 1994 11:20:46 -0800
From: Ken Stone <
[email protected]>
I'm interested in going thru a process to consolidate copper trunks to
digital ones and then consolidating T1's into a PacBell onsite fiber
terminal (ie let them demarc T1's for me at the T1 side of their mux
in our phone room).
What I need to know is if there is if there is any obligation for
PacBell to provide us with T1's via a fiber terminal/mux and if so,
where is the breakover point in T1's when this becomes the better
solution ?
Also, with respect to the copper trunks, is there any type of service
that I can't bring in via T1 ? Right now we have seperate groups of
trunks for FX, outgoing, DID, WATS, etc ...
Thanks,
Ken Stone (HP, San Diego)
------------------------------
From:
[email protected] (Steve Pinkston)
Subject: Connecting to Remote Serial Port Over WAN
Organization: Kentrox Industries, Inc.
Date: Tue, 18 Jan 1994 23:36:03 GMT
I hope someone can help me with this. This is a modified version of an
earlier post, with some additional definition. Thanks to the people
who have responded so far. I will summarize and post the responses at
a later date.
I'm looking for a way to be able able to communicate with a specific
serial port on a remote device, so that I can connect to a
non-ip-addressable device that is connected to that port.
To be more specific: I have two LANs that are interconnected via
bridges and T1/FT1 WAN links. I have a PC on the remote LAN that has
an unused serial port ("COM2"). I want to be able to use that port as
a terminal server port so that I can connect to the (9600 bps async)
console port of a non-ip -OR- SLIP device located near that PC, in
this example a smart CSU. In effect we would be making the remote PC a
small terminal server.
It has been suggested to me that there may be software solutions
to this. Windows or DOS solutions would be satisfactory.
Any help or pointers to resources would be greatly appreciated.
Steve Pinkston Technical Support Specialist
ADC Kentrox Portland, OR, USA
[email protected]
------------------------------
From:
[email protected] (David Kiviat)
Subject: How Long Will Cell Sites in LA Run Without Standard Power?
Organization: NETCOM On-line Communication Services (408 241-9760 guest)
Date: Wed, 19 Jan 1994 04:46:47 GMT
My impression of several cell sites after poking around the outsides
is that they are battery powered with an external connector for
portable generators (not kept on site). I am curious as to how long
they will continue to function if the operator is unable to connect a
generator. What is the plan on charging these things-can the system
operator just charge them in an hour or so and then tow the generator
to another site or does it take longer? What will happen to the system
if lots of these lose power? How many generators do operators
generally keep on standby?
There are going to be lots of frustrated reporters in LA if the cell
system collapses.
------------------------------
From:
[email protected] (Alfredo E. Cotroneo)
Subject: Real Time Audio Compression
Date: 19 Jan 1994 04:28:50 -0600
Organization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway
I am just wondering if there is any device/algorithm which may
compress audio in real time, and let say use e.g. 4 kHz bandwidth for
an original audio bandwidth of 8 kHz, or likewise for higher
bandwidth?
To my knowledge there are such devices which compress audio signals
and then transmitt it in digital form over a digital (radio, satellite
or cable) link, but I never heard if that could be done over an audio
channel itself.
Any pointer on both digital and compressed-audio links will be greatly
appreciated. Thanks.
Alfredo E. Cotroneo, Bull HN Italia, I-20010 Pregnana MI, Italy
work:
[email protected]
personal:
[email protected]
phone: +39-2-6779 8314 / 8427 | fax: +39-2-6779 8289
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 18 Jan 1994 14:12:21 -0300
From:
[email protected] (Walace Sartori Bonfim)
Subject: Invitation to Participate in ICSI94
Dear reader,
Due to the wide spectrum of people that might be interested in the
subjects to be discussed during the III International Conference on
Systems Integration, we decided to post this call for papers in your
mailing list.
We encourage you to participate in this event as a paper author.
The paper arrival deadline is March 3, 1994.
Please forward this message to whoever you think it might be of
interest and we appreciate your effort to post it.
Thanks,
Prof. Fuad Gattaz Sobrinho
Conference Chairman
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Call for Papers
The Third International Conference for Systems Integration
Sao Paulo City - Brazil
July 30th - August 6th, 1994
-----------------------------------------------------------------
The Integration of Society for the Social, Economical, Scientific and
Technological Development. This conference focuses on the integration
of technologies, processes and systems, and the development of
mechanisms and tools enabling solutions to complex multi-disciplinary
problems dealing with agriculture, housing, telecommunications,
financing and business, public services, education and software. The
conference will provide an international and interdisciplinary forum
in which researchers, educators, managers, practitioners and
politicians, involved within the production process, can share novel
research and development, education, production, trading, management
and political experiences. Papers should deal with recent effort in
theory, design, implementation, methodology, technics, tools and
experiences of integration. Topics to be addressed include, but are
not limited to:
Technical and Scientific Aspects:
- Integration, Modeling, Characterization and Automation of Process
and Systems
- Reengineering and Simplification of Processes
- Computational Environments and Software Factories for Engineerind,
Design, Manufacturing and System Development
- Rol of Human Engineering in Integration
- Experiences within National or Continental Software Projects
- The Implication of Systems Integration for Manpower Skills
- Quality Control and Certification in Organizational and Process
Integration.
Social, Political and Economical Aspects:
- Experiences in Modeling, Development, Evolution and Integration
of Enterprises
- Experiences in Management and Identification of Value-Add Chains
within Agriculture, Housing, Telecommunications, Financing and
Business, Public Services, Education and Software
- Public Policies and City Management
- Management of Multi-dimensional Integration.
Infrastructure Aspects:
- Qualified Information Resources
- Education and Training
- Science and Technology
- Enterprise Development.
Information and Instructions for Authors: All papers must be in
English or Portuguese, typed in double spaced format, and may not
exceed 6,000 words. Each submission should provide a cover page
containing author(s), affiliation(s), complete address(es),
identification of principal author, and telephone number. Also include
SIX copies of complete text with a title and abstract. Notice of
acceptance will be mailed to the principal author(s) by March 15,
1994. If accepted, the author(s) will prepare the final manuscript, in
English, in time for inclusion in the conference proceedings and will
present the paper at the conference; otherwise, the author(s) will
incur a page charge. Authors of accepted papers must sign a copyright
release form. The proceedings will be published by the IEEE Computer
Society Press.
Send SIX copies of your paper(s) to:
Prof. Peter A. Ng
IIISis - USA Office - New Jersey Institute of Technology
University Heights
Newark, NJ 07102
USA
For Further Information, Contact:
Prof. Peter A. Ng Prof. Fuad Gattaz Sobrinho
Fone:(1) (201) 596-3387 OR Phone:(55)(192) 41-4504
Fax: (1)(201) 596-5777 Fax: (55)(192) 41-3098
Email:
[email protected] Email:
[email protected]
>>>>>>>>>> Paper Arrival Deadline: March 3rd, 1994 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
Conference Chair Fuad Gattaz Sobrinho
IIISis
Program Chair Peter A. Ng
NJIT
Finance & Business Co-Chair Alcir A. Calliari
Banco do Brasil
Agriculture Co-Chair Ney B. Araujo
ABAG
European Co-Chair Herbert Weber
University of Dortmund
Pac!fic Co-Chair Fumihiko Kamijo
IPA
Middle East Co-Chair Asuman Dogac
METU
South America Co-Chair Julio C. S. P. Leite
PUC/RJ
North America Co-Chair Bruce Berra
Syracuse University
Tutorials Co-Chairs Oscar Ivan Palma Pacheco
EMBRAPA
Murat M. Tanik
SMU
Organization Co-Chairs Rita de Cassia A. Marchiore
IIISis
Carole Poth
NJIT
Steering Committee Chair Peter A. Ng
NJIT
Honorary Advisors Raymond T. Yeh
C. V. Ramamoorthy
Laurence C. Seifert
Honorary Conference Chair Irma Rossetto Passoni
Sc&Tech, Info. and Comm. Comission of
Brazilian Congress.
Sponsored by IIISis - International Institute for Systems Integration,
BB - Banco do Brasil, TELEBRAS, FINEP, CNPq, FBB, with colaboration of
NJIT, SUCESU, EMBRAPA, ABAG, ACM e IEEE Computer Society.
Instituto Internacional de Integracao de Sistemas - IIISis - Brazil.
------------------------------
From:
[email protected]
Subject: Wireless PBX Information Wanted
Date: Wed, 19 Jan 94 00:18:35 PST
Organization: WilTel
Greetings all,
Can anyone out there provide information on companies (names,
addresses, telephone numbers, contacts, etc.) working on wireless PBX
products? I'm certain that companies like AT&T, Northern Telecom,
Ericsson, Rolm/Siemens, Fujitsu, and others have (or are working on)
wireless PBX products, but I don't know who to contact. Any help
would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.
Kevin D. Tanner WilTel, Inc.
Telephone: (918) 588-5843
FAX: (918) 588-5616
E-mail:
[email protected]
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 18 Jan 94 16:33 PST
From:
[email protected] (Robert L. McMillin)
Subject: Pac*Bell Permanent Virtual Connection Service Tariff
I got hold of a copy of Pac*Bell's Permanent Virtual Connection
tariff. These cover services that are essentially switched,
high-speed data links to the nearest CO. Costs given are per end.
For each access link at each location:
speed monthly install
ADN $50.05 $620
T1 $162.59 $1324
Note: PRICING IS FOR THE LOCAL LOOP ONLY SINCE FRAME RELAY
PRICING IS MILEAGE INDEPENDENT. [RLM: Emphasis mine. What this
means is that these data services are not, as full-up leased T1
is, dependent on how far you are away from the CO.]
Switched data services:
speed monthly install
56 Kbps $75 $375
128 Kbps $150 $375
384 Kbps $400 $375
1.536 Mbps $500 $375
For each end of the Permanent Virtual Connection:
# of Data Link Monthly Rate per
Connection Identifiers DLCI
1st $0
2nd through 6th $15
7th through 11th $10
12th through 250th $5
Each PVC has one Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI) on each end.
For more than one access link from a single location, groupd DLCIs by
link, then calculate the charges. There is no recurring charge.
For each customer:
If traffic detail is wanted, charge $15 per month and $50 for
non-recurring.
-------------
To me, the most interesting thing is the notion of a 'virtual T1' that
can go anywhere there's another virtual T1. I'm not sure how this is
implemented; maybe someone from Pac*Bell would care to comment. In
any event, the prices are really cheap compared to dedicated service.
Robert L. McMillin |
[email protected] | Netcom:
[email protected]
------------------------------
From:
[email protected] (Alex Jeannopoulos)
Subject: Pay Phone Inband and Out of Band Signalling
Date: 18 Jan 1994 23:34:08 -0500
Organization: PANIX Public Access Internet and Unix, NYC
I know the inband signalling tones which are used by pay phones. What
I would like to know is about how the out of band signalling to the
pay phone is done. I know that the pay phone will ground one of the
lines when a real coin is placed in the phone. What I am curious about
is which line (ring or tip) is grounded? Is the line grounded for the
life of the call? Or is it grounded right after the phone signals coin
insertion for a short period of time? How is coin acceptance or
rejection handled on the two lines? Thanks for any info in advance.
If anyone knows of the inner workings of Fortress Phones drop me a
line.
Thanks,
Alex
------------------------------
From:
[email protected]
Subject: Internet ISDN Connection
Date: Tue, 18 Jan 94 20:18:08 EST
Organization: Delphi Internet
Does anyone know how an ISDN user (56K/64K) can access Internet? Since
9.6 rates are still considered fast for single user is it too soon to
consider ISDN connections?
------------------------------
From:
[email protected] (Pawel Dobrowolski)
Subject: Itemized Phone Bills in the USA
Date: 18 Jan 1994 16:06:50 GMT
Organization: Harvard University Science Center
I am having trouble finding information on when and why itemized
long-distance phone bills were introduced in the US. I'd also like to
know the basics about the equipment that neeeds to be in place to
produce itemized phone bills.
If anyone knows of good sources I will summarize and post here
when I've done my research.
Thanks,
Pawel
[TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: So far as I know, we have always had
itemized long distance bills in the USA. I have seen *very old* copies
of bills from Illinois Bell and its predecessor "Chicago Telephone
Company" which had itemized calls. The oldest one I recall seeing (and
have a microfilm copy of around here somewhere in my boxes of old
historical artifacts) is dated 1910. This telephone bill from 1910 is
on printed letterhead from Chicago Telephone Company; is written out
in longhand in a very nice, very old-fashioned, very eloquent style
and lists a call to Aurora, Illinois, some fifty miles away. You
must remember that long before mechanical equipment was available to
keep these records, the manual service operators wrote out all of
their tickets by hand as they went along, call by call. PAT]
------------------------------
From:
[email protected] (Jim Mercer)
Subject: Using Radio For T1 Links
Organization: Reptilian Research, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA
Date: Tue, 18 Jan 1994 12:33:16 -0500
I am currently implementing a WAN using radio links to do a T1 type
data link (1.5-2.0 Mbits). It will probably use a NCR WaveLAN. Are
there similar facilities for a telephony type T1?
I'd like to link a couple NT SL-1 switches, and T1's from our carriers
range from $970 to $1270 per month.
The buildings are unobstructed line of sight. (Laser has been ruled
out due to possible weather related interference).
Microwave has been ruled out as the line of sight crosses City Hall's
front lawn, and there would be an environmental impact study which
would delay implementation.
The Spread Spectrum stuff used by WaveLAN and others does not require
a license (which microwave does).
Follow-ups directed to email; I'll summarize.
Jim Mercer Reptilian Research
[email protected] +1 416 506-0654
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 19 Jan 1994 00:03:18 -0500
From:
[email protected]
Subject: Value of Service Pricing
All of this discussion about flat-rate local service, etc., brings up
the issue of just how telephone company rates are set. The traditional
method is "Value of Service" pricing. While it is largely viewed as
obsolete, especially at the federal level, it still plays a major role
in local phone rates.
The most notable example of this is in the way local rates are set in
a flat-rate state. The monthly rate is based on a rate band, which is
based on the number of lines within your local calling scope. So
Nowhere Falls, with 300 phones in its local calling area, pays
$8/month while Major City pays $15/month. After all, it gets more
value for its local bill; Nowhere Falls customers pay lots more tolls.
But the actual cost of monthly service is higher in the boonies,
because the dominant expense is outside plant, and rural areas need
the longest average wires.
I saw a good illustration of this back in the '70s when I was working
on Telephone Rate Reports. In Ohio, the highest rate band for (I
think) United Tel (Lima) was something like 50,000 phones. For Ohio
Bell, though, that was a fairly low band. So Lima customers paid
something like $16/month while a Bell customer in a similar town would
pay maybe $10. Columbus customers would be in OBT's higher bands.
United thus had to subsidize its huge rural territory (its own cheaper
bands) with small-city customers, while OBT had big cities to do it.
Overall, Ohio Bell was much cheaper, but it wasn't because United was
inefficient.
Charges for touch-tone are, of course, another "value" element not
related to cost. They add revenue to the system in lieu of collecting
full cost from everyone. Rural customers need a subsidy (in order to
have universal service), but things get out of hand when the system
loses sight of cost.
Telephone service isn't like electric service. A drop line to the
street doesn't cost the electric company much; their expense is mostly
in the generation, which is consumed by usage, not connections. Water
used to be flat-rated in some of my area, but vastly higher costs
(mostly in sewage treatment) have led to major usage-based charges.
Heavy users generate more sewage, so it's fair. (Our sewer bills are
on a usage basis, but use water meters as a surrogate. It's a higher
per-CCF charge than water per se.)
So what costs do heavy phone users incur? With older CO switches and
analog transmission, heavy local usage did incur some significant
expense, though never as much, on average, as the non-usage-sensitive
portion. With today's costs, it's less so. A modern CO costs around
$600/line with typical usage. If average traffic were several times
higher (all modem freaks, etc.) then it would at most double, but more
likely increase by less than that. Inter-CO transmission is also
cheaper, now that fiber optics are predominant; they have nearly
infiite bandwidth, though the multiplexors aren't cheap.
I have no trouble with telcos charging for usage at their true
incremental cost, marked up a for a reasonable (not double) profit.
But that's not what local measured service plans usually are. Most
make usage cover several times its fair burden, thus creating a true
subsidy to light users from heavy users.
Value of Service pricing never claimed to be cost-justified; it was a
policy decision. Local measured usage in most cases is really a Value
of Service plan disguised as cost-justified. The real numbers just
don't add up.
Fred R. Goldstein k1io
[email protected]
Opinions are mine alone; sharing requires permission
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 18 Jan 1994 21:07:00 +0100
From:
[email protected] (Christian Weisgerber)
Subject: How Cold is Co-o-o-old?
In comp.dcom.telecom the TELECOM Digest Editor notes:
> Some responses are in order on this cold day in Hell ... for the past
> 39 hours (Friday about 6 PM through Sunday at 9 AM) the temperature in
> Chicago and suburbs has been sub-zero with a drop to fourteen below zero
> Friday overnight into Saturday morning; a 'high' temperature of two below
> zero Saturday and eleven below last night. We're told things may 'warm
Hi Pat,
With regard to the international readers of TELECOM Digest I suggest
that you mention which kind of degrees you mean :-)
(I guess the above values are Fahrenheit.)
Christian 'naddy' Weisgerber, Germany
[email protected]
[TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: You bet they are Fahrenheit degrees!
But the conditions the past three days have been even worse. On
Monday the temperature hovered about about zero degrees all day and
dropped to 22 degrees *below zero* overnight into Tuesday morning.
Our 'high' temperature all day yesterday was 11 degrees *below zero*
Overnight last night into this morning, the temperature was again
about 20 below zero and as I write this, we are 'warmed up' once
again to 11 below zero. It is expected we may reach zero today and
after another sub-zero night rise into the teens on Thursday. Those
are Fahrenheit degrees. We are all miserable. It is impossible to
keep our houses warm. What I am really quite worried about is that
the gas bill for January will probably be several hundred dollars
and they will cut my gas off for non-payment. This is a real concern
to me. This weather is the worst we have had for several years.
We have many people also who try to heat their houses with little
electric heaters which themselves overheat and start fires. Two nights
ago a big fire started in an apartment building here due to the
residents using electric heaters and 'jumping out' the fuses in the
electric line in order to keep all the heaters going at one time. The
wires caught fire, the building burned down. All the people went to
the homeless shelters to live. :( Very bad conditions here. PAT]
------------------------------
End of TELECOM Digest V14 #40
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