TELECOM Digest Tue, 8 Mar 94 00:40:00 CST Volume 14 : Issue 118
Inside This Issue: Editor: Patrick A. Townson
Re: Competition and Technology (Fred Goldstein)
Re: Elementary Area Code Question (Mark E. Daniel)
Re: Charge per Byte For Long-Distance Voice? (Stefan Bethke)
Amateur Radio Communications With Cuba (Jack Hamilton)
USWest Per-Call CLID Unblocking (William Petrisko)
Cellular Phone Questions (Andy Malis)
Having Trouble With "Command Ring Decipher" (Dale Worley)
Re: Traffic Overloads in Manual Service Era (Tom Watson)
Proceedings From Conferences Wanted (Lars Kalsen)
Telephone MIS (Tom Friedman)
Re: Dialing in Italy (Alfredo E. Cotroneo)
IEEE INFOCOM'94, June 12-16, Toronto (Mark J. Karol)
TELECOM Digest is an electronic journal devoted mostly but not
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 17:04:18 -0500
From:
[email protected]
Subject: Re: Competition and Technology
Jerry Leichter says,
> Now, what bothers me about this whole list is that *everything of
> significance on it is available due to technological advances, not
> deregulation*.
While it's certain that some technological progress would have been
made in the absense of competition, I had some experience in an area
where competition made a lot of difference. Witness the digital PBX.
In 1975, the Bell System offered only electromechanical PBX switches.
The fanciest was the 812, a reed-relay machine with random-logic
electronic control (transistors instead of relays). At least that's
how I remember it; it's been a while! A few vendors had electronic
analog machines on the market (semiconductor crosspoints, wired logic)
but the workhorses of the Bell System were the 701 stepper, the 770
crossbar (400 or so lines), the 801 and the 812. All were heavily
dependent upon 1A2 keysets for a variety of features. This was labor-
intensive and required big wire and closet space.
That was the year in which Rolm introduced its first CBX and a year
before Northern's SL-1 entered the US market (but was announced in
Canada if not here). A few other digital switches were also coming
on the market, like the Farinon DTS (later Harris). Danray introduced
a huge processor-controlled analog crosspoint switch.
AT&T/Bell, nursing its old products, was caught off guard. They
rushed to market with the Dimension 400, and soon afterwards the
Dimension 2000 and Dimension 100. These were CPU-controlled analog
machines, with (shall we say) modest traffic capacity. Features
lagged behind many competitors.
These were only offered for rent. Tariffs were set by state regulators.
In order to hold down rates and be competitive (because AT&T development
and manufacturing costs were high, and most states refused to allow
them to sell competitive gear at a loss), AT&T declared that these would
be the flagship switches for many years to come, with just software
updates. But they were already behind the market. In 1979, they
designed "Antelope", basically a digital Dimension with more traffic
capacity. But it wasn't introduced, lest it upset regulators.
AT&T introduced its first Digital PBX in January, 1983, the week that
PBXs were deregulated. While it was called the System 85, it was really
the old Antelope, with slightly updated software (I think FP8 instead of
FP12; Feature Package numbers aren't necessarily sequential.) Not
that long afterwards, System 75 ("Gazelle"), an all-new design, came out.
Dimension was discontinued. AT&T needed several years to become
competitive in the PBX space, but now their Definity line (G1 and G3
are a renamed and updated Gazelle, respectively) is a worthy competitor.
Would they have worked so hard absent competition? Hah! In monopoly
countries, PBX features lagged -- even in Canada, the SL-1 offered
by Bell Canada was way behind the US version.
I won't mention the growth in the modem and answering machine marketplaces
that occured as a result of competition.
Progress _inside_ the network is often a result of economic and
technological forces. Fiber optics save _them_ money. But terminal
competition, I beg to argue, is the key reason for rapid progress.
fred
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 13:08:48 EST
From:
[email protected] (Mark E Daniel)
Subject: Re: Elementary Area Code Question
In article <
[email protected]> is written:
: [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: Elaborating on that idea then, why bother
: to use '1' at all? Why not just say if seven digits, then the first
Because it's one of those spoiled simple things. It goes back to the fact
that there used to only be a 0 or a 1 in an area code. People are used to
dialing 1 for any sort of toll call. I've heard several complaints from
those here in Ohio because we just recently came upon what they call local
plus calls where you don't dial 1 but you pay like .05 a minute to connect.
Actually I recall not being too happy about that. It could be dealt with a
recording that said you are about to make a toll call, hang up now if you
don't like that ... and they could denote a * code for those that know that
already thus not giving up much speed of connection.
Mark E Daniel (Loving SysOp of The Legend BBS)
Inet:
[email protected] [email protected] (Direct INet)
------------------------------
From:
[email protected] (Stefan Bethke)
Subject: Re: Charge per Byte For Long-Distance Voice?
Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 09:37:11 GMT
Reply-To:
[email protected] (Stefan Bethke)
Organization: Promo GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
In article <
[email protected]>,
[email protected] (Alan Larson)
writes:
> The compression of u-law encoding does not reduce the data rate
> during quiet time. It reduces the number of bits needed for an
> apparent dynamic range, but it does it constantly during the connection.
There is a ITU recommendation G.726 (ADPCM) that specifies methods for
compressing speech (low quality), voice (medium) and modem/fax signals
(high) down to 48, 32, 24 and 16 kbit/s. This methods are intended for
better bandwith utilitisation on inter-office lines (not subscriber
lines).
If the switch knows the type of a particular connection (i.e. the
customer has a voice-grade line), the 5-/A-Law encoded signal can be
compressed. Compression can be changed even while the connection is
in use (signalling for this is not in the scope of G.726). So the
telco could cut down bandwidth on this call when the signal allows for
it.
This of course doesn't work for modem connections because the quality
degradation of the transmission line would harm data transmission of
all but the slowest modems (V.21).
I wonder if such mechanisms are already in use?
Stefan Bethke
------------------------------
From:
[email protected] (Jack Hamilton)
Subject: Amateur Radio Communications With Cuba
Organization: NETCOM On-line Communication Services (408 241-9760 guest)
Date: Tue, 8 Mar 1994 04:25:34 GMT
The following article was in the Amateur Radio Newsline this week:
CUBA AND THE ARRL
Cuban American hams are angrily denouncing ARRL acceptance of an
invitation for United States hams to join their Cuban counterparts in
future operating events. They are making their displeasure known on
voice, on CW and on packet.
The crisis began after the league issued an official bulletin
saying that the Cuban national society had invited American amateurs
to participate in a joint operation in the 1994 ARRL June VHF QSO
Party. It said that ARRL Oklahoma Section Manager Joe Lynch, N6CL,
received the invitation to lead the group during his visit to Cuba the
week of February 7th.
Lynch, who is also the VHF editor of {CQ Magazine} was in Cuba as a
member of a Methodist Church work team. While there, he extended
greetings from ARRL officials and presented Federacion Radioaficionados
de Cuba President Pedro Rodriguez, CO2RP, with a certificate of
participation for the June 1993 ARRL VHF QSO Party. Joe also
presented an author's certificate to Arnie Coro, CO2KK, for his
article in December 1993 issue of the League's {QST Magazine.}
But many Cuban expatriate hams living in south Florida say that
Rodriguez is nothing more than a puppet of Cuban Dictator Fidel
Castro. They claim that Rodriguez is a member of the Cuban military
who was given a ham call sign and a new political job: the job of
keeping Cuban hams following the Castro party line. This they say at
the risk of losing their ham radio privileges and possibly going to
jail.
The Cubans hams living in the United States say that hams outside
Cuba should not be holding hands with the FRC. Instead they should be
pressuring their national societies to force the FRC to loosen the
reign that dictator Castro has placed on the Cuban ham community.
If it does take place, the joint VHF operation will place from
Bellomonte, Cuba. Officials of the FRC say they have also taken under
consideration a proposal from an American group for a joint operation
from Cuba on the High Frequency bands in 1995.
-----------------------
The electronic publication of the Amateur Radio Newsline is distributed
with the permission of Bill Pasternak, WA6ITF, President and Editor of
Newsline. The text is transcribed from the audio service by Dale Cary,
ND0AKO, and is first published on GEnie.
Editorial comment or news items should be E-mailed to
[email protected]
or
[email protected]. Voice or FAX to +1 805-296-7180.
Articles may be reproduced if printed in their entirety and
credit is given to AMATEUR RADIO NEWSLINE as being the source.
For further information about the AMATEUR RADIO NEWSLINE,
please write to us with an SASE at P.O. Box 463, Pasadena, CA
91102.
Thank you,
Jack Hamilton Postal: POB 281107 SF CA 94128 USA
[email protected] Packet: kd6ttl@w6pw.#nocal.ca.us.na
------------------------------
From:
[email protected] (William Petrisko)
Subject: USWest Per-Call CLID Unblocking
Organization: Netsys Inc.
Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 17:58:07 GMT
Someone mentioned that USWest (well, Phoenix AZ) has a per-call
un-blocking code (for those who have their lines permanently blocked.)
That code is *82 ... and it does work.
Question is, was this advertised anywhere (wasn't in my phone bill
inserts)?
William Petrisko (WP5) Preferred:
[email protected]
Also works:
[email protected]
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 07 Mar 1994 13:02:48 -0500
From:
[email protected] (Andy Malis)
Subject: Cellular Phone Questions
As a prospective new cellular user, I have a bunch of questions that
perhaps some kind soul(s) could answer:
1. Is there a Cellular FAQ? I looked unsuccessfully in the Telecom
Archives and via archie.
2. A number of places locally are selling the Motorola 550 "flip
phone" for about $50. Any advice regarding this phone, either good or
bad? Does it following the Motorola programming manual found in the
archives (file "motorola.programming")?
3. Anyone out there with experience and/or advice regarding either
Cellular 1 or Nynex Mobile in the northern Massachusetts/southern New
Hampshire area? I'm interested in coverage (especially with a .6 watt
hand-held), and rate plans.
Thanks much for any help. Replies by direct email would be appreciated.
TIA,
Andrew G. Malis
[email protected] +1 508 266-4522
Ascom Timeplex 289 Great Rd., Acton MA 01720 USA FAX: +1 508 264-4999
------------------------------
From:
[email protected] (Dale Worley)
Subject: Having Trouble With "Command Ring Decipher"
Date: 7 Mar 1994 13:15:33 -0500
Organization: Village of Cambridge, Public-Access Internet
I have "distinctive ringing service" on a line, that is, I have two
directory numbers that both call in on the same line, and each number
has a different ring pattern (in this case, "long" and "short short").
I have a decoder box, brand name "Command Ring Decipher", that sorts
out incoming calls based on the ringing pattern, and routes them to
two different jacks, one of which goes to my phone and one to my Fax
machine.
The problem is that my phone's answering machine sometimes takes an
inordinate number of rings to pick up. After testing this, I
discovered that the ring decoder usually works on the first ring (like
it's supposed to), but occasionally takes up to four rings before it
starts feeding the incoming call to the destination jack.
Does anybody know what might be causing this (other than the ring
decoder being defective), and what I should do about it?
Thanks,
Dale
------------------------------
From:
[email protected] (Tom Watson)
Subject: Re: Traffic Overloads in Manual Service Era
Date: Mon, 07 Mar 1994 18:13:20 -0800
Organization: Apple Computer (more or less)
Your discussion about overloads is quite enlighting ... I relate an
experience described to me in the early 1980's. The scene is an
answering service, equipped with the standard of the day (pre
divestiture) 557 coard boards answering 'secreterial lines' (taps of a
customers line). The answering service in question had the first few
(the number four comes to mind) lines of the local cable TV service.
There were times when the cable TV service for the town went out, and
if it happened during an interesting event (like the Super Bowl, or
the Winter Olympics) the lines would light up and the answering
serivce operatators would need to give some comforting thoughts to the
annoyed customers waiting for their TV to get signal again.
The problem is that the same speil would need to be given to everyone
who called, and as they say "time is money..." so one of the operators
got innovative. They (yes, it was mostly women) would take four of
the cords and position them almost in the jacks associated with the
lines in question. Then with the talk keys down on the four lines,
and the lines all lit up, she would plug in all the lines at once,
just like a conference call (but unknown to the Cable TV customers),
then with the best "recording" voice she had announce something like
"The Cable TV service for the town is presently unavailable, we
anticipate the service to be fully restored at xx:xx, we appreciate
your patience, thank you.", then unplug the cords. The process was
repeated quite often, until the traffic decreased, when things
returned to "normal". When related this story, I nearly rolled on the
floor with laughter.
You see "manual operations" continue to this day, even with overloads!!
Tom Watson Not much simpler!!
[email protected]
[TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: That technique, of responding to several
calls at one time using several cords and open keys was common when the
cordboard operator had to make an emergency announcement. About 1969-70
I went back to work for University of Chicago a second time, with a part
time job operating a dormitory PBX and front desk two nights per week on
the midnight shift. This was an old, old, old hotel called Plaisance
Apartments at 61st and Stony Island Avenue. Its been torn down now for
over twenty years and the lot remains vacant on that corner. One night
about 2 AM there was a fire in one of the dorm rooms; someone fell asleep
with a cigarette I guess; it was put down on the report as 'careless use
of smoking materials'. Well, the Fire Department pulling up outside of
course woke up quite a few of the 250 or so residents of the building
and as expected within a minute or so of their arrival the switchboard --
normally totally dead all night long in that building -- was lit up like
the proverbial Christmas Tree we hear so much about ... since the building
was rated (by Fire Department standards) as 'Class A Fireproof' -- which
means simply that a fire will stay confined in the area where it started
*provided the door to the apartment involved is kept closed* it was not
to the advantage of the Fire Department to order an evacuation, particularly
at 2 AM on a cold winter night with the exception of the residents on the
same floor who came downstairs to wait in the lobby and get away from the
heavy smoke. Probably a third of the residents -- mostly those on the
upper floors of the building -- slept through it all, finding out only the
next morning when they came downstairs. (The lobby and the whole building
stunk badly of smoke for almost a week; other than water damage in the
apartment *directly under* the one that caught fire and a lot of soot in
the hallway on the affected floor the damage was minor as those things go.)
But the ones who did wake up were quick to jump on the phone to call
down to the front desk and ask what was up. The Fire Department person
in charge at the scene told me to tell the residents on other floors
*who asked about it* (which must have been about half the building!)
that ' ... there is a fire in a different part of the building; it is
under control; you are requested to keep awake and alert; open your
window for fresh air as needed and stay in your apartment unless
notified otherwise; if you prefer to leave then use the stairs, do not
use the elevators, and wait in the lobby with other residents ...' I
took four or five cords -- whatever I could grip in my hands at one
time and with the associated keys open just went along shoving the
cords into lighted jacks, giving that message and moving on to some
others. I rang everyone on the affected floor of course and woke them
up, telling them to leave with the firemen who were up there going
door by door to lead them over to the stairs. Of course I had to call
the building manager in his apartment (he lived in the building) and
tell him what was going on and I had to call the building engineer in
his apartment and tell him so he could meet the firemen with the
master keys to get in where the fire was burning; take all the
elevators *above* the floor where the fire was located and lock them
out of service up there; and pull the power in the affected area so
the water damage would not short out the electrical lines and cause a
further hazard. Water seeks its own level; in this case most of it ran
down the hallway and into the elevator shaft (*that* is why you always
park the elevators locked out of service *above* the place where the
fire is located) and for the six hours or so it took to pump out the
shaft and dry out the cables the elevators were out of service meaning
the residents had to walk up and down eleven flights of stairs. The next
day U of C evicted the dumbo who started the fire and later the university
sued him for damages caused; I think it amounted to about $8000. PAT]
------------------------------
From:
[email protected] (Lars Kalsen)
Subject: Proceedings From Conferences Wanted
Date: 7 Mar 94 19:26:19 GMT
Organization: DKnet
Hi,
I am interested in some publications - Proceedings - from the follwing
two conferences from 93:
4th IEE Conference on Telecommunications
USENIX Symposium on Mobile and Location independent Computing
Can anyone help me with the exact titles on the publication - and
maybe where to get them. Please E-mail me if you have some information.
Lars Kalsen
[email protected]
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 07 Mar 1994 11:57:47 -0700
From:
[email protected]
Subject: Telephone MIS
Seattle Metro is looking into upgrading our system that tracks
customer telephone call handling management information (currently a
US West system), and incorporating a new staffing scheduling
component, based on the data from the information system. Does anyone
out there know of some current, successful apoplications in these
areas, either transit specific or other applications?
Contact Tom Friedman at
[email protected] or (206) 684-1513.
Thanks.
------------------------------
Date: 07 Mar 94 15:58:28 EST
From: Alfredo E. Cotroneo <
[email protected]>
Subject: Re: Dialing in Italy
Carl,
Within Italy, in the same district, you dial just the telephone number
(as in the US): e.g. 266 6971 if you want to reach us from Milano.
If you dial from outside a district you have to dial the area code
first, and then the number: 02 266 6971 often wrote as (02) 266 6971,
is our number in Milano if you dial within Italy, but from outside the
district of Milano (02). An exception is made for the mobile/cellular
phones, for which you have to dial always the "area code". (0337 for
commercial cellular, and 0330 for residential cellular, 0336 for old
400 MHz car phones, 0333 [GSM ?])
The rules above -- except the cellular phones codes -- are for most,
(if not all), European countries.
If dialing from abroad, you have just to remember Italy's country code
which is 39.
The CCITT way of writing our number in Milano is +39 2 266 6971 (or
+39-2-266 6971). The '+' stands for your int'l long distance access
code (in the US it will be 011).
In Italy there are different service numbers, which are dialed with no
area code, but can be dialed only within Italy: e.g. 12 is telephone
directory (just one for all Italy), 176 is for telephone enquires for
the Mediterranean and Europe (including North Africa), 1790 is for
overseas telephone info. Toll free numbers start with 167 (equivalent
to 1-800), 1-900 like numbers start with 144 (just recently introduced).
113 Police/Ambulance, 112 Carabinieri, etc.
The numbers quoted for accessing the AT&T, MCI, and Sprint operators
from Italy are special toll free numbers set up by agreement between
Italcable (the Italian overseas carrier) and the US carriers. These
numbers are called "Countrydirect":
172 1011 ATT
172 1022 MCI
172 1877 Sprint
but also:
172 1054 Argentina
172 1061 Australia
172 1055 Brasil, etc. for other 21 countries.
Hope this explains a little bit our numbering system.
Alfredo E. Cotroneo, President
NEXUS-Int'l Broadcasting Association
PO Box 10980, I-20110 Milano, Italy
Phone: +39-337-297788 / +39-2-2666971
email:
[email protected]
------------------------------
From:
[email protected]
Date: Tue, 8 Mar 94 03:49:01 GMT
Subject: IEEE INFOCOM'94, June 12-16, Toronto
Organization: AT&T
Announcing . . . .
IEEE INFOCOM'94
The Conference on Computer Communications
June 12 - 16, 1994
The Westin Harbour Castle
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Now in its 13th year, IEEE INFOCOM is the premier international
technical conference devoted to computer communications and
networking. Papers presented at INFOCOM represent the leading edge of
understanding and development in this fast-moving field, and are
accepted only after a rigorous review process. The half-day and
full-day tutorials are given by leading experts and afford the
participant an opportunity to stay current with the latest advances in
computer communications and networking. In addition, in 1994 INFOCOM
is offering for the first time a full-day Gigabit Networking Workshop,
consisting of informal short presentations on "hot topics" and full
paper presentations on applications enabling the large-scale
deployment of gigabit networks. IEEE INFOCOM'94 is sponsored by the
IEEE Computer and Communication Societies. The Gigabit Networking
Workshop is sponsored by the IEEE COMSOC Technical Committee on
Gigabit per Second Networks.
o Gigabit Networking Workshop
Sunday, June 12, 1994
9:00 AM - 4:00 PM
(followed by a committee "business" meeting, 4:00 - 5:00 PM)
Abstracts for presentation at this workshop are due on April 1, 1994.
Selected papers will be considered for a forthcoming issue of the
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC). Contact the
program chair James Sterbenz (914-784-6489 or
[email protected]) for
complete information on submission guidelines.
o Tutorials
Sunday, June 12, 1994
2:30 - 6:30 PM
1. "Supporting Real-Time Applications Over Internet," Lixia Zhang,
Xerox
2. "Recent Advances in the Algorithmic Analysis of Queueing Systems,"
David Lucantoni, AT&T Bell Labs
Monday, June 13, 1994
9:00 AM - 5:00 PM
3. "Advanced Topics in Broadband ATM Networks," Ender Ayanoglu and
Malathi Veeraraghavan, AT&T Bell Labs
4. "Wireless Communications Networks," Donald Cox, Stanford University
5. "High-Speed Networks: Multimedia Applications, Infrastructure, and
Protocols," Fouad Tobagi, Stanford University
6. "The State of the Art in Network Management," Yechiam Yemini,
Columbia University
o Plenary Session
Tuesday, June 14, 1994
8:30 - 10:00 AM
"Multimedia Information Networking in the Nineties," Maurizio Decina,
Politecnico di Milano/CEFRIEL
o Technical Sessions
Tuesday, June 14, 1994
10:30 AM - 5:00 PM
Wireless Networks
Performance
Congestion Control
Design of Optical Networks
Issues in High-Speed Protocols
Virtual Path Routing in ATM Networks
Discrete-Time Queues and ATM
High-Performance LANs
Multicast Switch Architecture
Performance Analysis of Video Services
Admission Control
Multi-Stage Optical Networks
Wednesday, June 15, 1994
8:30 AM - 5:00 PM
Circuit Switching
Traffic Shaping
Performance Analysis of Buffering Schemes
Lightwave Networks
Wireless Networks
Performance
Congestion Control
Image, Audio and Video Transport
Resource Management
DQDB
Protocol Design, Analysis and Interoperability
Switched LANs
Network Multicast Routing
Interconnection of LANs/MANs/WANs
Real-Time Systems
Optical Network Routing
Thursday, June 16, 1994
8:30 AM - 5:00 PM
Network Routing
Traffic Modeling
Admission Control
High-Performance LANs
Transport over ATM
Queueing Models
Congestion Control
Multi-Stage Optical Networks
Security and Database Systems
DQDB
Scheduling
FDDI
Switching
Performance Analysis of Switches
Network Routing
Protocols for WDM Networks
o Panel
Tuesday, June 14, 1994
5:15 - 6:45 PM
"Switch-Based LANs: A Fast Evolving Networking Paradigm"
Organizer/Moderator: Yoram Ofek (IBM)
Panelists: Maurizio Decina (Politecnico di Milano/CEFRIEL)
Alexander Fraser (AT&T Bell Labs)
HT Kung (Harvard University)
Nick Maxemchuk (AT&T Bell Labs)
Jonathan Turner (Washington University)
o Committee
General Chair: Mark J. Karol, AT&T Bell Labs,
tel: 908-949-8590, email:
[email protected]
Vice-Chair: Al Leon-Garci, University of Toronto
Technical Program Chair: Magda El Zarki, University of Pennsylvania,
tel: 215-898-9780, email:
[email protected]
Technical Program Vice-Chair: Khosrow Sohraby, Univ. of Missouri at KC
Tutorials Chair: Kai Y. Eng, AT&T Bell Labs
Treasurer: Ender Ayanoglu, AT&T Bell Labs
Local Arrangements: Terry Todd, McMaster University
Celia Desmond, Stentor
Standing Committee Chair: Harvey Freeman, LANWORKS, Inc.
To receive an electronic copy of the INFOCOM'94 Advance Program send Email
to:
[email protected]
To receive a printed copy of the INFOCOM'94 Advance Program send a FAX
to Mark J. Karol, INFOCOM'94 General Chair, (908) 949-9118
------------------------------
End of TELECOM Digest V14 #118
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