Welcome to Central Office News! The purpose of this publication is to aid the
experienced and informative hackers and phreaks as well as serve the newcomers
a guide on how to succeed in the H/P Community without getting busted,ragged
on, or being labelled LAME! In General, Im writing CON for all you HARDCORE
hackers out there! Most of the articles will be taken from hardcopies.
hahahaha Before I continue with the issue, Id like to make a couple of points.
1. My handle is Network Operator
2. I will write most or all of the articles.
So unlike most h/p mags, I am not depending on people to contribute articles
and I do not really intend for this to be the best journal out there. What Im
doing is just releasing information(some interesting and some general)that
would otherwise be thrown in the trash. Everybody at one time or another has
found something in the trash that would not otherwise be known about if it
wasnt found in the trash. So if you like what you see, then im happy. If not,
then Im still happy because Im putting forth an effort to get this info out to
you.
Ok, CON will basically deal with Bell's Newest Services, Technological
Advances, Technical Information, H/P tips, Switching Information(OF COURSE!)
I may even list a Bell Conference line or two.. You never know what you will
see in CON! Since this is a first issue, I will explain some concepts on
Trashing and some good tips on how to trash smartly. I will have a net-mail
address set up and possibly a 1-800 VMB for your comments and suggestions or
if you just wanna tell me to piss off! I will look forward to hearing from
you all!
Index
=====
1. Trashing: The Do's and Dont's
2. SWBT Bill Plus
3. Conklin Model 323 DSO-DP
4. Hospital Calling
5. Bell Computer Physical Security A Complete Overview (Part I)
6. U.S.O.C.
7. Introduction to Overseas Packet Switched Networks
8. News and Current Events
CON Issue 1 Article 1
===========================================================================
Trashing: The Do's and Dont's
Exactly what is trashing? Trashing is a term which describes the practice of
individuals rummaging through a company's dumpster in hopes of finding
printouts of computer dialups,logins and passwords. This is a great and
probably the best way to access computers with useful data. Everybody Im sure
already knew this.. But the first part was for beginners so they know whats
up. There are certain guidelines to follow when going out on a trashing run.
1. Select a target company or location.
This is extremely easy as most companies addresses are in the phone book.
2. Scope out the company or location. Drive to the location during the day
and check out what type of physical security they have. Remember, all you
want is the trash, but you must check for two things first. 1. Is the
dumpster inside a fenced area? 2. where is the dumpster in relation to the
Builiding's doors and windows? The reason for these 2 things is important
because they determine whether or not you can get to the dumpster safely.
If the dumpster is inside a fenced area, then my advice is to forget it and
move on to one without a fence. Reason:It is a Class B Misdemeanor in most
states to Tresspass on Property. A Fenced-in area spells out DO NOT ENTER
There doesnt have to be a NO TRESSPASSING sign posted. If you climb over a
locked fence, your tresspassing. OK, if the dumpster is behind the
building or otherwise not fenced-in, then you must check for NO
TRESSPASSING signs. Remember your on Private Property, So the Police could
still get you for Tresspassing if there are signs posted. Also, know the
LAW! If a cop threatens to arrest you for trashing and no signs are posted,
quote him the law.. He cant arrest you for taking trash, Once a company
throws something away, it is no longer theirs. So your not stealing
nothing. If the dumpster is close to a window or door, you will need to
exercise caution. Reason:Your main priority is to remain unseen or
invisible. The reason for this is being seen by anyone can alert the
company that your going through their trash and that is not good. As long
as nobody sees you, you should have no problems.
3. Know your police patrol times.
The more you know about when your police patrol will save you any nervous
explanations of your activities.
4. Dont be paranoid.
being paranoid about trashing will only hinder your performance.
Being paranoid can cause you to get careless and also to try and get the
procedure done quickly. This may involve opening a dumpster slide-door too
quickly that it makes noise. This is something that you do not want to
make too much of. Its important to be cautious but paranoia will only
make your trashing experiences hectic rather than fun..
5. Mission Accomplished Leave Site.
Once you have your prize, why wait around for something to happen as
things usually do. Leave the site as soon as you have your trash inside
the vehicle. Well thats it for now, be sure and let me know of your
trashing experiences..first timers and seasoned. If I get enough responses
we might have a section on Trashing Adventures where one individual
describes an interesting trash run. I know Ive had some.. So long and happy
trashing!
Network Operator
CON Issue 1 Article 2
===============================================================================
SWBT New Billing Services for Companies Source Date:Feb 20, 1992
Those bulky paper bills large business customers receive from SWBT could be
replaced by a single floppy disk. A trial of Bill Plus* service begins this
week with 12 cutomers. Cramming all that billing information often filling
several hundred pages_______On one diskette is a welcome change for many
customers, said Kathy Stoplos, manager-systems support.
"In researching customer billing needs, we discovered that some customers
spend hours and in some cases days, manually keying our billing information
into their computers," Stoplos said. "Bill Plus completely automates that
function." SWBT plans to file tariffs for Bill Plus after the trial results
are evaluated. Customers using the system would pay a fee to establish the
service, which includes necessary software developed by the customer services
support group in the information systems department.
The software will provide customers with several useful features, said Laura
Craver, area manager-finance customer service. "It will allow them to graphic
analyses and historical trending,"(whats this? BELL pushing their version of a
graphics report program in the form of a new service?? gimme a break! wonder
how much you have to pay for that software...ed.) Craver said. "It also
enables them to export the data to a different file."
For SWBT, Bill Plus will cut postage costs. A traditional 250-300-page paper
bill for a large business customer costs around $6 to mail. Since all that
information can fit on one Bill Plus diskette, the mailing cost drops to 98
cents.(Once again we see what bell's real goal is.. to save more money! they
make so much off consumers you would think they could afford to pay a lousy $6
to mail the bill..ed.)
Bell also introduces another new billing service EDI.
Imagine receiving a phone bill so big that it comes in a box instead of an
envelope. That's the case for many large business customers. But SWBT is
trying to make the delivery of those bills less cumbersome. One method is Bill
Plus* service. Another is Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), which allows SWBT
to transmit the billing information directly to the customer's computer.(I see
possibilities here...ed.) Requirements are a communicationss link and
translation software supporting national standards. "With EDI, the larger the
scale, the greater the benefits," said Bernie Ralph, systems specialist. "You
do away with the paper bill. The billing information instead goes right into
the customers'accounts payable."(At least eliminating the paper bill will help
the enviorment.ed.) SWBT is now testing EDI with eight large business
customers. During the trial, the telco is working with national standards
groups who will decide exactly what the electronic phone bill will look like.
"All of this is geared to speeding up the bill delivery process, and so far,
the trial customers are satisfied," Ralph said "In fact, several of them have
increased the number of accounts since we started." AT&T, one of those
customers, started the trial with about 70 accounts transmitted via EDI. Now
they're up to over 3,000 accounts.
Like Bill Plus, EDI offers benefits for both customers and SWBT, Ralph said.
"For us, it reduces paper handling and postage. It also gets the bill to the
customer faster and thus, we can get paid faster." EDI is expected to move out
of the trial stage and into full production status by the middle of this year.
CON Issue 1 Article 3
================================================================================
Conklin Instrument Corp. Presents
THE MODEL 323 ISSUE 2 ALL-RATE DSO-DP
The Conklin Instrument Corp. Model 323 Issue 2 All-Rate Digital Signal Zero
Dataport (DSO-DP) with Secondary Channel is designed for use in the Digital
Data System (DDS) network and in "DDS like" networks. This unit is designed to
be installed in an AT&T Technologies D4 channel bank or SLC -96 subscriber
loop carrier system shelf replacing the usual analog channel unit. Use of the
unit provides a method of extending DDS service to a customer location from
any serving central office having D4 channel banks or SLC-96 carrier systems
connected via T-carrier facilities toward a DDS Hub Office.
The Model 323 All-Rate DSO-DP provides the interface between the 1.544 Mb/s
bit stream of the D4 or SLC-96 terminal common equipment and the DDS DSO 64
kb/s bipolar signal. The DSO signal may then be cross-connected to multiplex
equipment in a DDS Serving Office or connected in a tandem arrangement to
another D4/SLC-96 channel bank in a DDS Tandem Facility Office if company
policies permit. The Mode 323 supports all standard DDS data
rates(2.4,4.8,9.6, 19.2,56 and 64 kb/s)and also supports Secondary Channel
operation(except at 64kb/s). Other features include optional Zero Code
Suppression,Error Correction, and choice of Latching and/or standard OCU
(HL96NY) Loopback. The Conklin Model 323 All-Rate DSO-DP may be used as a
direct replacement for any AT&T compatible DSO-DP unit.
The Model 323 is electrically and mechanically compatible with D4 and SLC-96
channel bank shelves without modification of equipment or existing office
wiring. DDS timing is provided by the office composite clock via the OIU-2
optioned for external timing. The front panel of the unit has LED status
indicators and test jacks permitting evaluation and testing of the dataport
circuit. Power requirements are minimal permitting maximum utilization of the
D4 or SLC-96 channel bank shelf assembly.
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Dataports allow DDS service, or similar digital services, to be extended to
customers that cannot easily or economically be connected directly to a DDS
End Office. The Conklin Model 323 DSO-DP permits the use of D4 and SLC-96
channel banks to provide DDS type service. Figure 2 shows a typical DDS
Dataport application utilizing the Model 323 DSO-DP at a DDS Hub Office and
any one of the companion Models from the Conklin Model 322 Series OCU-DP at
the Serving End Office, often called a Dataport End Office. Figure 3 shows a
Tandem Office application used to extend DDS service to the Serving End
Office. Both are typical applications and illustrate the use of the Conklin
Model 323 DSO-DP and Conklin Model 322 Series OCU-DP modules installed in a D4
or SLC-96 channel bank.
The customer's DDS 4-wire metallic loop directly interfaces any one of the
Conklin Model 322 Series OCU-DP modules installed in a D4 or SLC-96 channel
bank located near the customer. Customer data is converted to a 64 kb/s
digital signal which interfaces the D4 or SLC-96 terminal common circuitry.
This signal occupies a single time slot of the 1.544 Mb/s DS-1 bit stream.
Two time slots are required for 56 or 64 kb/s circuits employing error
correction.
The data rate in the figure above is 1.544 Mb/s. This data rate is
designated DS-1 and is subdivided into 24 channels of 64 kb/s data, designated
DS-0. The Serving End Office is connected to a Tandem Office or directly to a
DDS Hub Office by a T-carrier facility.
The Model 323 DSO-DP is designed to be installed in a D4 or SLC-96 shelf
located at a DDS End Intermediate, or Hub Office. The unit electrically
interfaces the common circuitry of the shelf. Transmission of customer data
occupies a single time slot of the DS-1 signal transmitted via a T-carrier
system. This data is converted by the Model 323 to a DSO-A bipolar 64 kb/s
signal for cross-connection to another D4 or SLC-96 channel bank, or to T1
Multiplex equipment for transmission toward the DDS Hub Office. The unit also
performs the reverse function.
The Model 323 DSO-DP is designed to provide a choice of loopback and test
access options. There are three products in this family:List 1,List 2, and
List 4. The Model 323 List 1 and List 4 units are designed to detect and
respond to either the standard DDS-OCU Loopback (HL96NY) or Latching Loopback.
The Model 323 List 2 unit is designed to detect and respond to only the
standard DDS-OCU Loopback (HL96NY) Tables A and B show the OCU (HL96NY)
Loopback and Latching Loopback codes sequences respectively. The loopback
code sequences may be transmitted from the DS-O or DS-1 directions. Loopback
commands detected from the DS-O side will implement a DS-1 Loopback and
commands detected from the DS-1 direction will implement a DS-O Loopback. The
List 1 unit may be optioned to a permit either or both loopback types to be
enabled or disabled. The List 4 units have a special front panel test access
configuration that reverses the Near/Far logic test direction from that of the
List 1 unit. In all other respects, the List 1 and List 4 units are
identical.
Detection of the Latching Loopback code sequence will place the List 1 or List
4 units in a latched loopback mode which will remain in effect for the List 1
and List 4 units until the correct loopback release code has been detected.
Front panel LEDs "TEST" and either "DSO LB" or "DS1 LB" will be illuminated to
indicate the loopback point. Latching Loopback differs from the standard DDS-
OCU Loopback in that restrictions on the type of data transmitted are
eliminated.
Detection of standard OCU Loopback code will implement the HL96NY Loopback
and illuminate the front panel LEDs "TEST" and either "DSO LB" or "DS1 LB" to
indicate the loopback point. Once looped, detection of a short burst of all
ones will release the loopback at the DSO-DP and cause the downstream dataport
to enter loopback. The downstream dataport may be another DSO-DP in a tandem
configuration or an OCU-DP. The front panel LED "TEST" will remain ON when
the loopback is at a downstream dataport. All other front panel LEDs will be
OFF. Thus, the loopback point may be electronically "stepped" from the Loop-
Side Interface module (Conklin Models HL96NY and 222), to each Conklin Model
323 DSO-DP, and finally, to the OCU-DP. Removal of the OCU Loopback code from
the data stream will release all loopbacks and return all dataports to the
normal operating mode. The OCU Loopback option must be turned OFF for 64 kb/s
Clear Channel circuits.
Additional operating features of the Model 323 All-Rate DSO-DP include
Secondary Channel Capability, Error Correction and Zero Code Supression.
Front panel LEDs provide a visual indication of loopback status and an idle
circuit condition. The following panel indicators are provided:
TABLE A. OCU LOOPBACK CODE SEQUENCE (FOR LIST 1, LIST 2, AND LIST 4 UNITS)
___________________________________________________________________________
| | | |
| SEQUENCE | CODE TRANSMITTED | RESPONSE |
|_________________|___________________|_____________________________________|
| | | |
| 1. Data (normal | SDDDDDD1 (Data) | Data to Customer. |
| | | |
| 2. Initiate OCU | S0101010/SDDDDDD1 | LSI (CIC Model HL96NY) Looped. |
| Loopback | | |
| | | Verify Error-Free Data. |
| | | |
| 3. Send Burst | S0101010/S1111111 | LSI Loopback Released. |
| of All 1's | | |
| | | DSO-DP (CIC Model 323) Looped. |
| | | |
| 4. Send Burst | S0101010/S1111111 | DSO-DP (CIC Model 323) Loopback |
| of All 1's | | Released. |
| | | |
| | | OCU-DP Looped. |
| | | |
| | | Verify Error-Free Data. |
| | | |
| 5. End OCU | SDDDDDD1 | All Loopbacks Released. |
| Loopback | | |
| | | Data to Customer |
|_________________|___________________|_____________________________________|
(1) The symbol "S" represents the appropriate sub-rate framing bit for sub-
rate service and the least significant data bit for 56 kb/s service. This bit
can be either 0 or 1 for the above codes. The symbol "D" represents random
data and can be either 0 or 1.
(2)The use of the "/" seperating the two codes indicates an alternating
Loopback code/Data pattern as generated by existing portable DDS test
equipment.
(3) When DSO-DP's are connected in a tandem configuration, the second burst
of all 1's will loop the second DSO-DP downstream of the LSI, the third burst
of all 1's will loop the third DSO-DP, and so forth until the loopback occurs
at the OCU-DP. At this point, subsequent transmission of all 1's will not
affect the loopback at the OCU-DP.
TABLE B. LATCHING LOOPBACK SEQUENCE (NOT APPLICABLE TO LIST 2 UNITS)
____________________________________________________________________________
| | | |
| SEQUENCE | CODE TRANSMITTED | RESPONSE |
|_________________________|___________________|____________________________|
| | | |
| 1. Data (normal) | SDDDDDD1 (Data) | Data to Customer. |
| | | |
| 2. Transition in | S0111010 (TIP) | Clear all Loopbacks. |
| Progress | | |
| | | |
| 3. Loopback Select Code | S0000101 (LSC) | Direct Loopback to DSO-DP. |
| (Unique for DSO-DP) | | |
| | | |
| 4. Loopback Enable | S1010110 (LBE) | After 30 Bytes send MAP |
| | | code Downstream. |
| | | |
| 5. All-Ones Bytes plus | S111111/S1010110 | Activate Selected DSO-DP |
| Loopback Enable | | for Loopback |
| | | |
| 6. Far End Voice | S1011010 (FEV) | Activate selected Loopback.|
| | | |
| 7. Data Test Mode | SDDDDDDD (Data) | Verify Error-Free data. |
| | | |
| 8. Exit Loopback Mode | S0111010 (TIP) | Clear all Loopbacks |
| | | |
| 9. Data (Normal) | SDDDDDD1 (Data) | Data to Customer. |
| | | |
|_________________________|___________________|____________________________|
(1) The symbol "S" represents the appropriate sub-rate framing bit for sub-
rate service and the least significant data bit for 56 kb/s service. This bit
can be either 0 or 1 for the above codes. The symbol "D" represents random
data and can be either 0 or 1.
(2) Sequence number 5 in the above table is used only when multiple DSO-
DP's exist in a tandem configuration. In this case, sequence 5 should
be executed (N-1) repetitions where N is the number of DSO-DP's that lie
between the test center and the desired loopback point. This step should not
be executed for circuits with only one DSO-DP.
(3) After 30 or more LBE Bytes are received, any code can be interleaved
between the remaining LBE and FEV Bytes to complete the Latching Loopback
sequence. Therefore, at least 30 Bytes of TIP should precede and follow all
procedures to clear all modules within a system configuration.
(4) The Latching Loopback of the Model 323 Issue 2 List 1 and List 4
units do not have a time-out feature. Once it is activated, it will stay
activated until the proper clear code is received.
Test access is provided by bantam jacks on the front panel. These jacks
permit test signals to be transmitted to, and received from, the DSO-0 or the
DS-1 directions and may also be used to implement a manual loopback with a
bantam-to-bantam patch cord.
The Conklin Model 323 DSO-DP supports all error correction modes
compatible with existing dataport sub-rate 56 and 64 kb/s data requirements.
Option switches are provided permitting error correction configurations that
are compatible with D4 and SLC-96 operating modes.
Zero code supression, normally enabled, may be optionally disabled
allowing unrestricted 56 kb/s Secondary Channel data and 64 kb/s Clear Channel
data to be transmitted over T-carrier facilities.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The following circuit description helps to emphasize the overall
performance of the DSO-DP Unit.
COMMON CIRCUITS
The Model 323 DSO-DP, when installed in a D4 or SLC-96 channel bank shelf,
will interface the common circuitry associated with the channel banks. The
interface provides access to the DS-1 PCM Bus, the integrated 64/8kHz Clock,
Channel Select Timing signals, and the Out-of-Frame signal.
All interface signals are provided at the card-edge connector of the Model
323 DSO-DP. Modification of the D4 or SLC-96 channel bank shelf is not
required.
CLOCK BUFFER
This circuit is common to all other circuits of the DSO-DP and generates
all timing signals required for rate matching and synchronizing customer data
to the DDS Reference Clock. These timing signals are derived from the office
scomposite clock supplied to the common circuitry of the D4 or SLC-96 channel
bank.
ERROR CORRECTION CIRCUITS
Use of dataports to provide DDS service over T-carrier systems used
primarily for analog service may require the use of error correction
techniques to meet established DDS error rate performance objectives. Two
error correction techniques are utilized in the Model 323 All-Rate DSO-DP
module. A repeat-of-five majority-voting scheme is used for DDS sub-rate
service and takes advantage of the redundancy of the sub-rate data. For 19.2
and 56/64 kb/s data rates, a shortened Golay code is used to generate a parity
byte which is transmitted along with the data byte. Error correction at 56/64
kb/s requires two 64 kb/s data channels occupying two of the DS-1 time slots,
one for customer data and the other for the parity bit stream generated by the
Error Correction Encoder.
DDS NETWORK TO T1 FACILITY PATH
BIPOLAR TERMINATOR
The DDS 64 kb/s balanced bipolar digital signal from the DDS network,
via the DSX-0A level cross-connect, is transformer-coupled to the input of the
Bipolar Terminator. This circuit converts the bipolar input signal to a logic
level signal for interface to the Loopback Code Detection circuit.
LOOPBACK CODE DETECTOR
This circuit will detect loopback codes received from the DS-0
direction, usually transmitted from the STC. A loopback option switch may be
set to enable or disable either the standard OCU Loopback or Latching Loopback
on the List 1 and List 4 units; or only the standard OCU loopback on list 2
units. The circuit is transparent to all other loopback codes.
Detection of the appropriate loopback code sequence received from the
DS-0 direction will implement a logic level loopback at a point internal to
the unit. Front panel indicators "TEST" and "DS1 LB" are controlled by this
circuit and will be illuminated when this loopback is in effect.
ZERO CODE SUPPRESSION
This circuit block monitors data transmitted from the DDS network
toward the T1 facility. The circuit will substitute the Unassigned MUX
Channel (UMC) code for a byte of data containing all 0's
An option switch permits the Zero Code Suppression function to be
disabled. Normally, this option should be enabled. Disabling of Zero Code
Suppression allows for unrestricted transmission of 56 kb/s secondary channel
data into the T1 facility when B8ZS encoding becomes available for D4. Zero
Code Suppression should also be disabled for 64 kb/s Clear Channel operation.
ERROR CORRECTION ENCODER
The Error Correction Encoder circuit monitors data transmitted toward
the T1 facility and will implement the appropriate correction scheme based on
the data speed and the setting of the Error Correction option switch. This
switch selects sub-rate 19.2 or 56/64 kb/s Error Correction. Several 56/64
kb/s error correction modes are provided to maintain compatibility with both
D4 and SLC-96 channel bank operating modes. Error Correction may also be
disabled.
TRANSMIT RATE CONVERTER
This circuit converts the DDS 64 kb/s byte-encoded signal to the
format required for interface to the PCM Bus and D4 or SLC-96 common
circuitry. Clocking of the data is controlled by the channel bank common
circuitry. The data is clocked into the proper time slot of the DS-1 bit
stream. Clock signals from the Clock Buffer retime and synchronize the data
to the DDS Bit Clock.
The output signal from this circuit connects to the Tri-State Buffer which
interfaces the DS-1 PCM Bus associated with the common circuitry of the D4 or
SLC-96 channel bank.
T1 FACILITY TO DDS NETWORK PATH
RECEIVE RATE CONVERTER
Byte-encoded 64 kb/s data received during a single DS-1 time
slot is gated to the input of this circuit by Channel Select timing signals.
The circuit converts the data to a 64 kb/s DS-0 logic level signal.
ERROR CORRECTION DECODER
This circuit monitors data received over the T1 facility.
The circuitry detects and corrects bit errors by application of the
appropriate error correction scheme for the data rate in use. The error
correction function is configured for sub-rates 19.2 or 56/64 kb/s by the
option switches.
OUT-OF-SYNC CODE INSERTION
Failure of the T-carrier span line or the D4/SLC-96 channel bank will
activate the Out-of-Frame alarm associated with the channel bank common
circuitry. This alarm signal interfaces the Out-of-Sync Code Insertion
circuit which will generate and insert in the data bit stream the Out-of-Sync
Code for transmission toward the DS-0 direction.
LOOPBACK CODE DETECTION
This circuit will detect loopback codes received from the DS-1 direction. The
circuit operates in the same way as the Loopback Code Detector discussed
previously. Loopback option switches may be set to enable or disable either
the standard OCU Loopback or the Latching Loopback as discussed earlier. The
circuit is transparent to all other loopback codes.
Detection of the appropriate loopback code sequence received from the DS-1
direction will implement a logic level loopback at a point internal to the
unit. Front panel indicators "TEST" and "DSO LB" are controlled by this
circuit and will be illuminated when this loopback is in effect.
BIPOLAR DRIVER
The 64 kb/s byte-encoded data signal received from the T1 facility for
transmission toward the DDS network interfaces the Bipolar Driver circuit and
is converted to a DS-0 64 kb/s balanced bipolar signal which is transformer-
coupled to the DSX-0A cross-connect point.
Well there ya have it, An inside look at some of the digital equipment that
operates in your local CO. I hope this file has been helpful or insightful to
any of you that found it interesting.
CON Issue 1 Article 4
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
HOSPITAL CALLING
Im sure many of you have tried to SE the PBX dialup from a hospital.
Its a well known fact that most big hospitals have them. This is not a new
idea but an old one that is being revived for what its worth. Instead of
calling up your local hospital and trying to get the dialup, why not make a
call off the operator's lines... sound hard? no its not really that hard..
All you do is call up a hospital and speak to the switchboard attendant.
First you might try posing as a Phone Co. official and SE info about her PBX
equipment,extensions, what type of lines/trunks they have coming in and out.
Then after that is accomplished, call up the hospital as Joe Blow and ask to
be transferred to a valid extension in the hospital like X-Ray. Tell whoever
answers the phone that your Joe Blow in another valid department like
Maternity and say your having trouble with getting an outside line or ask them
to look for a non-existent person. In either case they will not be able to
help you. Right before you end the conversation, ask them to transfer you back
to the operator. Now when you get the operator again, Tell them your Joe Blow
in X-ray (because thats what extension will show up) and that you need an
outside line because your 9 key will not work or some other good excuse.
9 times out of 10, the operator will give you an outside line if its within her
power to do so. after that you can dial any local number or 800 numbers.
You wont be able to dial long distance because hospitals and hotels have a
special screen code on most IRC's that will not allow them to bill to a
hospital or hotel trunk. But you can get around that by saying you want to
make a call and bill it to your AT&T calling card or etc.. you might try other
local services like 1411(information) or 0 for operator to accomplish any
other task you might wanna perform. The reason you must first transfer
extensions is that when you first call, you show up on the incoming line from
outside. The PBX attendant knows this and will not give you an outside line.
But once your call is bridged to an extension then back again, it doesnt show
you as coming from outside the hospital. Please keep in mind that for this
trick to work, it will depend on how Advanced the hospital's PBX equipment is.
CON Issue 1 Article 5
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
BELL COMPUTER FACILITY PHYSICAL SECURITY
(Part I)
This file will give you an idea of what Bell will do in order to ensure
security of their computer systems from all types of harm and destruction.
This first Part covers Fire Controls.
FIRE CONTROLS
COMPUTER ROOM LOCATION
A computer room should not be located immediately above,below, or adjacent to
parking garages,loading docks,cafeterias,test laboratories,major power rooms
or other potentially hazardous areas.
For computer rooms located above the sixth floor, arrangements should be made
with the local fire department to ensure that fire fighters can manage fire
fighting equipment at floors 7 and above.
COMPARTMENTATION
Walls enclosing a computer room should extend from the concrete slab of one
floor to the slab of the next floor and be of one-hour fire rated
noncombustible construction. This also applies to walls enclosing magnetic
media operations rooms and magnetic media operations libraries.
Doors to a computer room should be Underwriter's Laboratories (UL) listed
Class C doors thats are 3/4 hour fire rated. This also applies to doors to
magnetic media operations rooms and magnetic media operations libraries.
Walls enclosing a magnetic media library should extend from the concrete slab
of one floor to the slab of the next floor and be of two-hour fire rated
noncombustible construction. Doors to a magnetic media library should be UL
listed Class B doors that are 1 1/2 hour fire rated.
A magnetic media is library protected by a Halon 1301 flooding system or water
sprinkler system: its doors and walls only have to meet requirements for
regular computer rooms.
Computer rooms should not have windows in perimeter walls. If this is not
possible, the windows should be supported so that they have sufficient
strength to withstand high levels of impact(e.g. two panes of glass; glass
supported by wire, grilles, or LEXAN) The windows should also contain the
necessary insulation to protect the thermal enviorment of the computer
facility.
It is recommended that doors within walls that enclose any type of computer
room be windowless. Exceptions, such as wired, are allowed, with size
restrictions.
Ceilings for a computer facility should be of the type that does not dust or
flake, Ceiling material should be constructed of noncombustible material or
be UL listed with an acceptable flame spread.
Ceiling height for raised floor areas should be 8-10 feet to provide adequate
ventilation and machine clearance.
Raised Flooring within the computer facility should be 18 to 24 inches from
the floor slab to the top side of the floor panels. These panels should be
constructed of concrete, steel,aluminum, or metal-enclosed wood, and be
electrically conductive to minimize static electricity problems.
Sub-flooring and structured floor should be constructed of reinforced
concrete, and the floor should not be covered with any type of floor covering
materials. The support assembly for the raised floor should rest directly on
the concrete slab.
Occupied/unoccupied cable holes or cable slots in floor slabs and walls should
be fire-stopped and sealed. Shaft enclosures between two or more successive
floors should be totally enclosed.
Fire dampers should be listed or built in accordance with UL555 requirements.
Storage rooms should not open into any type of magnetic media facility.
Storage rooms (where combustibles (e.g. chemicals,paper)are stored) should be
located outside computer rooms. A storage room can open into a computer
room(or can border a magnetic media facility) if the wall seperating the
storage room from the computer room is the one-hour fire rated perimeter wall
of the computer room(two-hour with regard to a magnetic media library not
protected by sprinklers or a Halon 1301 flooding system), and if the door
between the storage room and the computer room is 3/4 hour fire rated UL
listed Class C (non-applicable for a magnetic media facility).
Computer facility storage rooms, and C.E. rooms containing electrical
machinery, should be provided the same protection(e.g. fire detection and
suppression) required for a computer room.
Areas with large amounts of combustibles should not be part of computer
rooms(no shit ed.)
Equipment staging areas should be located outside computer rooms. The areas
should meet computer facility fire control and access control requirements and
equipment vendor enviormental standards. Boxes should be immediately removed
from equipment brought into a computer room from a staging area. The boxes
should then be immediately removed from the computer room.
All air duct insulation,adhesive,linings, and/or coverings should be
noncombustible or UL listed with a flame spread rating of 25 or less and smoke
developed rating of 50 or less.
Air filters for use in air conditioning systems should be of approved types
that will not burn freely or produce a large volume of smoke or other
objectionable products of combustion when attacked by flames.
FURNISHINGS AND MATERIALS
Building and finish materials of a computer room and related areas including
walls,floors,partitions, acoustical treatment, insulation, raised floor
supports, suspended ceilings, floor covering materials, and other
construction, should be noncombustible or UL listed with a flame spread of 25
or less and smoke developed rating of 50 or less.
Offices should not be maintained in computer rooms because of flammable
materials normally maintained in offices( and for access control purposes). If
offices must be maintained in computer rooms, they should be kept to a
minimum, and office materials especially paper products should be carefully
controlled. Cubicle walls and office furniture should meet noncombustibility
requirements pertaining to materials used in equipment spaces.
Carpet should not be used in a computer room. Where carpet is used for noise
control, or if it can be justified on the basis of reduced maintenance, then
it can be used in the computer room. It should be of the type that minimizes
the effects of static electricity.
It is recommended that only trash receptacles that are UL listed or Factory
Mutual (FM) approved to be used in computer rooms (which should also include
the COM Center in data centers). Areas of data centers such as Print-
Punch,Bursting,Bill Mailing and Distribution, etc. are exempt from this
recommendation at the present time because there are no UL listed or FM
approved trash receptacles on the market that can reasonably replace the
carts,dumpers,tilt trucks, tubs, etc. used in these areas where waste paper is
generated in high volume. The carts,dumpers,tilt trucks,tubs, etc. are not to
be principally made of cardboard or wood, and should not be allowed to fill up
with waste paper before being emptied.
Combustible decorations should not be used in a computer room. In general,
only combustibles needed for computer operations (e.g. printer paper,
cleaning agents, etc.) should be maintained in a computer room. Quantities of
these materials for future use should be maintained in a storage room.
Combustible fluids used in a computer room should be stored in enclosed metal
cabinets when not being used.
Kitchen appliances, and all other items that serve no useful purpose
pertaining to data processing, are prohibited from the computer facility[no
eating in the computer room gang! ed.]
Floor panel lifters should be made available to computer facility personnel to
help them investigate underfloor fire or smoke. When these devices are not
being used, they should be maintained in access controlled rooms or locked up.
DETECTION-ALARMS
An approved early warning fire detection system should be in place throughout
a computer facility and its associated offices and storage areas. This
system should also be used for data center areas (not necessarily on raised
floor) such as the COM Center,Print-Punch, Bursting,Bill Mailing, etc.
(a) The system should function during a normal loss of power that
is, it should be backed up by battery power or connected to an
emergency power system for use during power failures.
(b) The system should detect fire within the compartment as well
as below raised floors and dropped ceilings.
(c) The system should provide visual and audible alarms, or
audible alarms only, within the computer facility. For any
area of the computer facility not continuously monitored by
computer facility personnel, the alarms for these areas should
be connected to a station monitored around the clock.
(d) There should be at least one audible fire alarm on each floor
(e) The system alarm(s) should sound throughout the floor on which
the detector(s) activate; and, in one case at a station
monitored 24 hours per day, 7 days per week.
(f) An enclosed area where an audible fire alarm cannot be heard
when activated in an adjacent area, should be equipped with a
seperate audible fire alarm.
(g) Local municipal fire departments or local city code might
require that the facility's fire alarm system should be
connected to a fire department system. The local fire
department should be contacted to determine if this is a
requirement. In localities where this is not a requirement,
computer facility management should have procedures in place
to promptly notify the local fire department in the event of
fire alarm activation at the facility.
Smoke detection apparatus should be in air handling systems that serve the
computer facility.
Where computer equipment vendors provide automatic fire detectors in cabinets,
these detectors should be interconnected with the computer equipment area fire
detection system.
Heat sensing devices are intended solely for the indication of control for
the computer equipment cabinet components enviorment. These devices should
not be connected to the fire detection system.
Manual pull fire alarm stations should be readily accessible. The stations
should be located at the normal paths of exit from a computer facility room or
area. There should be at least one manual pull station on each floor with at
least one station for each 10,000 square feet of area.
A remote annunciator panel should be provided on each floor of the computer
facility. This type of panel should be located in readily accessible areas
such as elevator lobbies,corridors near elevators, or near a main stairwell in
buildings without elevators.
It is suggested that a Public Address (P.A.) system be installed throughout a
computer facility. The system can be a beneficial supplement to a fire alarm
system. The system should have emergency power.
SUPPRESSION
Halon or carbon dioxide (CO2) type fire extinguishers are recommended for
electrical equipment areas. Halon or water type fire extinguishers are
recommended to protect against fires in ordinary combustible materials such as
paper.
Personnel assigned to use Halon 1211 fire extinguishers to extinguish small
fires that could occur in a computer facility should be instructed to
discharge the agent no closer than six feet from the fire.
One fire extinguisher should be provided for so many square feet of floorspace
taking into account the maximum travel distance of 75 feet. Fire
extinguishers should be located where they are easily seen and readily
available. [no shit! ed.]
A magnetic media operations library, and an AMA tape library in a data center,
should be protected by a Halon 1301 flooding system or sprinkler system.
Water sprinklers or Halon 1301 flooding systems, if used in computer facility
rooms or areas where equipment operates at times without supervision, should
have an adequate time delay feature built in and used (e.g. melt down of
solder link or chemical pellet in sprinkler head; cross-zoned smoke detector
system tied into flooding system) so the system will not dump immediately,
enabling the detection system to alert appropriate personnel. This will
provide personnel with the oppurtunity to reach the emergency area to either
deactivate the sprinkler or Halon system (if a false alarm has occurred) or
deactivate computer equipment.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) flooding systems are not to be used in a computer
facility.
ACCESS-EGRESS
Computer rooms should have the proper number of fire exits for egress purposes
