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� ------High Blood Pressure------ �
� �
� A. Captopril �
� B. Clonidine Hydrochloride �
� C. Hydralazine Hydrochloride �
� D. Methyldopa �
� E. Metoprolol Tartrate �
� F. Prazosin Hydrochloride �
� G. Hydrochlorothiazide �
� H. Triamterine �
� �
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CAPTOPRIL
Brand Name:
Capoten
Usage:
Contol high blood pressure; aid in relief of heart
failure.
Possible Side Effects:
Increased heart rate, low blood pressure, loss of taste,
lack of appetite, rash, itching, dizziness, fainting.
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Inflammation reducing drugs including aspirin: may reduce
effectiveness.
Potassium supplements: increased risk of too high a level
of Potassium.
Antacids: Decreased captopril effect.
Other Considerations:
Report any sign of infection (sore throat, fever) to
doctor.
Take 1 hour before meals.
Avoid sudden changes in position as may cause dizziness.
CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Brand Names:
Catapres, Catapres-TTS
Usage:
Control high blood pressure; to suppress abstinance
symptoms during narcotics withdrawal.
Possible Side Effects:
Drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, sedation, nervousness,
headache, dizziness on changing position quickly, mouth
dryness, constipation, itching.
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Antidepressants: may increase effect of Catepres. Use
together cautiously.
Propranolol: Unpredictable blood pressure response.
Other Considerations:
Take drug exactly as prescribed. Do not discontinue
abruptly.
May cause drowsiness, but tolerance to this will develop.
Avoid sudden position changes to minimize dizziness.
Press ENTER to continue c
HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Brand Names:
Apresoline, Hydralyn, Rolazine
Usage:
Reduce high blood pressure, aid in relieving congestive
heart failure, by injection to reduce high blood pressure
quickly.
Possible Side Effects:
Headache, dizziness on changing position quickly,
increased heart rate, angina, palpitations, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, rash, weight gain.
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Diazoxide: May cause severe lowering of blood pressure.
Use together cautiously.
Other Considerations:
Call doctor immediately on development of sore throat,
fever, muscle and joint aches, skin rash).
Take drug exactly as prescribed.
Do not discontinue suddenly.
Take with meals to increase absorption.
METHYLDOPA
Brand Name:
Aldomet
Usage:
For long lasting mild to severe high blood pressure.
Possible Side Effects:
Sedation, headache, weakness, dizziness, decreased mental
acuity, depression, nightmares, decreased heart rate,
swelling, weight gain, dry mouth, nasal stuffiness,
diarrhea, skin rash, drug-induced fever.
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Norepinephrine, phenothiazines, certain antidepressants,
amphetamines: May increase blood pressure. Use with
caution.
Other Considerations:
Report any side effects, particularly unexplained fever,
to doctor.
Weigh daily. Notify doctor of any weight increase.
Urine may turn dark in toilet bowls treated with bleach.
Take drug exactly as prescribed.
Do not stop drug suddenly.
Minimize dizziness by rising slowly and avoiding sudden
position changes.
Mouth dryness can be relieved with sugarless chewing gum,
sour hard candy, or ice chips.
METOPROLOL TARTRATE
Brand Names:
Lopressor
Usage:
To reduce high blood pressure.
Possible Side Effects:
Fatigue, lethargy, decreased heart rate, low blood
pressure, congestive heart failure, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, rahs, fever.
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Insulin, hypoglycemic drugs: can alter dosage requirements
in previously stabilized diabetics.
Cardiac medications: excessively slow heart rate.
Barbiturates, rifampin: May decrease effect of
metoprolol.
Chlorpromazine, cimetidine: May increase effect of
metoprolol.
Indomethacin: decrease in effectiveness of metoprolol.
Other Considerations:
Do not discontinue drug abruptly.
Call doctor if unpleasant side effects develop.
Give consistently with meals. Food may increase
absorption.
PRAZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Brand Name:
Minipress
Usage:
Mild to moderate high blood pressure
Possible Side Effects:
Dizziness, headache, drowsiness, weakness, depression,
palpitations, blurred vision, dry mouth, vomiting,
diarrhea, abdominal cramps, constipation, nausea.
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Propranolol: fainting may occur. Sit or lie down if you
feel dizzy.
Other Considerations:
Take exactly as prescribed.
Do not discontinue suddenly.
Call doctor if unpleasant side effects develop.
Rise slowly and avoid sudden position changes to minimize
dizziness.
Mouth dryness can be relieved with sugarless chewing gum,
sour hard candy, or ice chips.
BASIC INFORMATION
Habit forming? No
Prescription needed? Yes
Available as generic? Yes
Drug class: Antihypertensive, diuretic (thiazide)
USES
Controls, but doesn't cure high, high blood pressure.
Reduces fluid retention (edema).
DOSAGE & USAGE INFORMATION
How to take:
Tablet or liquid--Swallow with liquid. If you can't swallow
whole, crumble tablet and take with liquid or food.
When to take:
At the same time each day.
If you forget a dose:
Take as soon as you remember up to 2 hours late. If more than
2 hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't double this
dose).
What drug does:
Forces sodium and water excretion, reducing body fluid.
Relaxes muscle cells of small arteries.
Reduced body fluid and relaxed arteries lower blood pressure.
Time lapse before drug works:
4 to 6 hours. May require several weeks to lower blood
pressure.
Don't take with:
See interaction column and consult doctor.
Non-prescription drugs without consulting doctor.
POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS
Symptoms What to do
______________________________________________________________________
Life-threatening:
None expected.
Common:
None expected.
Infrequent:
Blurred vision, Discontinue. Call doctor
severe abdominal pain, right away.
nausea, vomiting,
irregular heartbeat,
weak pulse.
Dizziness, mood Continue. Call doctor when
change, headache, convenient.
weakness, tiredness,
weight changes.
Dry mouth, thirst. Continue. Tell doctor at
next visit.
Rare:
Rash or hives. Discontinue. Seek emergency
treatment.
Sore throat, Discontinue. Call doctor
fever, jaundice. right away.
What to do:
Dial 0 (operaotr) or 911 (emergency) for an ambulance or
medical help. Then give first aid immediately.
See emergency information.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Don't take if:
You are allergic to any thiazide diuretic drug.
Before you start, consult your doctor:
If you are allergic to any sulfa drug.
If you have gout.
If you have liver, pancreas or kidney disorder.
Over age 60:
Adverse reactions and side effects may be more frequent and
severe than in younger persons, especially dizziness and
excessive potassium loss.
Pregnancy:
Risk to unborn child outweighs drug benefits. Don't use.
Breast-feeding:
Drug passes into milk. Avoid drug or discontinue nursing.
Infants & children:
No problems expected.
Prolonged use:
You may need medicine to treat high blood pressure for the
rest of your life.
Skin and sunlight:
May cause rash or intensify sunburn in areas exposed to sun or
sunlamp.
Driving, piloting or hazardous work:
Don't drive or pilot aircraft until you learn how medicine
affects you. Don't work around dangerous machinery. Don't
climb ladders or work in high places. Danger increases if
you drink alcohol or take medicine affecting alertness and
reflexes, such as antihistamines, tranquilizers, sedatives,
pain medicine, narcotics and mind-altering drugs.
Others:
Hot weather and fever may cause dehydration and drop in blood
pressure. Dose may require temporary adjustment. Weigh daily
and report any unexpected weight decreases to your doctor.
May cause rise in uric acid, leading to gout.
May cause blood-sugar rise in diabetics.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS
Generic name or drug class Combined effect
______________________________________________________________________
ACE inhibitors: captopril, Decreased blood pressure.
enalapril, lisinopril
Allopurinol Decreased allopurinol effect.
Amiodarone Increased risk of heartbeat
irregularity due to low
potassium.
Amphotericin B Increased potassium.
Antidepressants, Dangerous drop in blood
tricyclic pressure. Avoid combination
unless under medical
supervision.
MAO inhibitors Increased hydrochlorothiazide
effect.
Nitrates Excessive blood pressure drop.
Opiates Dizziness or weakness when
standing up or after sitting
or lying down.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES
Interacts with Combined effect
______________________________________________________________________
Alcohol: Dangerous blood pressure drop.
Beverages: None expected.
Cocaine: None expected.
Foods:
Licorice. Excessive potassium loss that
causes dangerous heart
thythms.
Marijuana: May increase blood pressure.
Tobacco: None expected.
TRIAMTERENE
BRAND NAMES
Dyazide Maxzide
Dyrenium
BASIC INFORMATION
Habit forming? No
Prescription needed? Yes
Available as generic? No
Drug class: Antihypertensive, diuretic.
DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION
How to take:
Capsule--Swallow with liquid or food to lessen stomach
irritation. If you can't swallow whole, open capsule and take
with liquid or food.
When to take:
*1 dose per day--take after breakfast.
*More than 1 dose per day--take last dose no later than 6 pm.
If you forget a dose:
Take as soon as you remember up to 6 hours late. If more than
6 hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't double this
dose).
What drug does:
Increases urine production to eliminate sodium and water from
body while conserving potassium.
Time lapse before drug works:
2 hours. May require 2 to 3 days for maximum benefit.
Don't take with:
See interaction column and consult doctor.
POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS
Symptoms What to do
______________________________________________________________________
Life-threatening:
Hives, rash, intense Seek emergency treatment
itching, faintness immediately.
soon after a dose
(anaphylaxis).
Common:
None expected.
Infrequent:
Drowsiness, thirst, Discontinue. Call doctor
dry mouth, confusion, right away.
irregular heartbeat,
shortness of breath,
kidney stones, unusual
tiredness, weakness.
Diarrhea Continue. Call doctor when
convenient.
Anxiety Continue. Tell doctor at next
visit.
Rare:
Rash, sore throat, Discontinue. Call doctor
fever, red or inflamed right away.
tongue, unusual
bleeding or bruising.
What to do:
Dial 0 (operator) or 911 (emergency) for an ambulance or
medical help. Then give first aid immediately.
If patient is unconscious and not breathing, give
mouth-to-mouth breathing. If there is no heartbeat, use
cardiac massage and mouth-to-mouth breathing (CPR). Don't try
to make patient vomit. If you can't get help quickly, take
patient to nearest emergency facility.
See emergency information.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Don't take if:
You are allergic to triamterene.
You have had severe liver or kidney disease.
Before you start, consult your doctor:
If you have gout, diabetes, kidney stones.
If you will have surgery within 2 months, including dental
surgery, requiring general or spinal anesthesia.
Over age 60:
Warm weather or fever can decrease blood pressure. Dose may
require adjustment.
Extended use can increase blood clots.
Pregnancy:
No proven harm to unborn child. Avoid if possible.
Breast-feeding:
Present in milk. Avoid.
Infants and children:
Used infrequently. Use only under medical supervision.
Prolonged use:
Potassium retention which may lead to heart-rhythm problems.
Skin and sunlight:
May cause rash or intensify sunburn in areas exposed to sun or
sunlamp.
Driving, piloting or hazardous work:
Avoid if you feel drowsy or confused. Otherwise, no problems
expected.
Discontinuing:
Don't discontinue without consulting doctor. Dose may require
gradual reduction if you have taken drug for a long time.
Doses of other drugs may also require adjustment.
Others:
No problems expected.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS
Generic name or drug class Combined effect
______________________________________________________________________
ACE inhibitors: Possible excessive potassium
captopril, enalapril, in blood.
lisinopril.
Amiloride Dangerous retention of
potassium.
Amiodarone Increased risk of heartbeat
irregularity due to low
potassium.
Antihypertensives, other Increased effect of other
antihypertensives.
Calcium supplements Increased calcium in blood.
Digitalis preparations Possible decreased digitalis
effect.
Indomethacin Possible acute renal failure.
Lithium Increased lithium effect.
Nitrates Excessive blood pressure drop.
Potassium supplements Possible excessive potassium
retention.
Spironolactone Dangerous retention of
potassium.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES
Interacts with Combined effect
______________________________________________________________________
Alcohol: None expected.
Beverages: None expected.
Cocaine: Decreased triamterene effect.
Foods:
Salt. Don't restrict unless directed
by doctor.
Marijuana: Daily use--Fainting likely.
Tobacco: None expected.
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