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=                                DICT                                =
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                            Introduction
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DICT is a dictionary network protocol created by the DICT Development
Group in 1997, described by RFC 2229. Its goal is to surpass the
Webster protocol to allow clients to access a variety of dictionaries
via a uniform interface.

In section 3.2 of the DICT protocol RFC, queries and definitions are
sent in clear-text, meaning that there is no encryption. Nevertheless,
according to section 3.1 of the RFC, various forms of authentication
(sans encryption) are supported, including Kerberos version 4.

The protocol consists of a few commands a server must recognize so a
client can access the available data and lookup word definitions. DICT
servers and clients use TCP port 2628 by default. Queries are captured
in the following URL scheme: dict://;@:/::::


     Resources for free dictionaries from DICT protocol servers
======================================================================
A repository of source files for the DICT Development group's dict
protocol server (with a few sample dictionaries) is available online.


Dictionaries of English
=========================
* Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856)
* CIA World Factbook
* Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)
* Elements database
* Free On-line Dictionary of Computing
* GNU Collaborative International Dictionary of English (GCIDE)
* Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
* Jargon File
* Moby Thesaurus
* Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary
* The Devil's Dictionary (1911)
* The U.S. Gazetteer (1990 Census)
* V.E.R.A. - Virtual Entity of Relevant Acronyms which are used in the
field of computing
* Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)
* WordNet


Bilingual dictionaries
========================
* Big English-Russian Dictionary
* English-French dictionary
* Freedict provides a collection of over 85 translating dictionaries,
as XML source files with the data, mostly accompanied by databases
generated from the XML files in the format used by DICT servers and
clients. These are available from the Freedict project web site at.
* FREELANG Dictionary
* Lingvo English-Russian and Russian-English dictionaries are not
free, but when purchased, can easily be converted into DICT format
* Mueller's English-Russian dictionary
* Slovak-English legal dictionary
* Slovak-Italian legal dictionary


                            DICT servers
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* dictd (the standard server made by the DICT Development Group)
* DictD++ - modern powerful server written in C++ with heavy usage of
STL and boost (abandoned)
* GNU Dico
* JDictd - a Java-based DICT server implementation (abandoned)


                            DICT clients
======================================================================
A dictd server can be used from Telnet. For example, to connect to the
DICT server on localhost, on a Unix system one can normally type:

telnet localhost dict

and then enter the command "help" to see the available commands.  The
standard dictd package also provides a "dict" command for command-line
use.

More sophisticated DICT clients include:
* cURL
* dictc (DICT Client) client for Windows written in Delphi.
* dict.org's own client (part of the dictd package)
* dictem, for the Emacs text editor
* Dictionary, an application included with Mac OS X. Online
dictionaries can be accessed by setting it as the helper for 'dict://'
URI schemes.
* Fantasdic
* GNOME Dictionary, comes with GNOME
* GNU dico's own client (part of the dico package)
* Kdict, comes with KDE
* KTranslator, KDE dictionary
* MaemoDict, for the Nokia 770
* MATE Dictionary (with accompanying applet)
* Mozdev.org's 'dict', a Firefox/Mozilla extension
* OKDict, an OpenOffice.org extension
* OmniDictionary, for Mac OS X
* StarDict
* ZopeDictDB for Zope from Pentila
* GoldenDict
* xfce4-dict, from the Xfce project

There are also programs that read the DICT file format directly. For
example, S60Dict, is a dictionary program for Symbian Series 60 that
uses DICT dictionaries. Additionally, some DICT clients, such as
Fantasdic, are also capable of reading the DICT format directly.


                          Dict file format
======================================================================
The standard dictd server made by the DICT Development Group uses a
special 'dict' file format. It comprises two files, a '.index' file
and a '.dict' file (or '.dict.dz' if compressed).  These files are
usually generated by a program called 'dictfmt'. For example, the Unix
command:

dictfmt --utf8 --allchars -s "My Dictionary" -j mydict < mydict.txt

will compile a Unicode-compatible DICT file called 'mydict', with
heading 'My Dictionary', from 'mydict.txt' which is in Jargon File
format i.e.:

:word1:definition 1
:word2:definition 2
etc.

Once the dictionary file has been produced, it can be easily installed
on a server with commands similar to this:

mv mydict.dict mydict.index /usr/share/dictd/
/usr/sbin/dictdconfig--write
/etc/init.d/dictd restart


Format converters
===================
* Linguae Software is able to convert from/to wb, dict (stardict and
dictd) csv, xdxf, txt, ini and ling (native) file formats, Linux,
Windows and Mac OS X.
* XDXF XML Dictionary Exchange Format converts between various
dictionary formats using pluggable codec architecture.


dictzip
=========
In order to efficiently store dictionary data, 'dictzip', an extension
to the gzip compression format (also the name of the utility), can be
used to compress a .dict file.
Dictzip compresses file in chunks and stores the chunk index in the
gzip file header, thus allowing random access to the data.


                              See also
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* DICT clients


                           External links
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* [https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2229 RFC 2229] -
Definition of the DICT protocol
* [http://www.dict.org dict.org] DICT Development Group. A WWW
interface to several freely available on-line dictionaries.
* [https://servers.freedict.org/ DICT protocol server list] by the
FreeDict project


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=========
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Original Article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICT

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