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= Yevgeny_Yevtushenko =
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Introduction
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Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Yevtushenko (; 18 July 1933 - 1 April 2017) was
a Soviet and Russian poet, novelist, essayist, dramatist,
screenwriter, publisher, actor, editor, university professor, and
director of several films.
Early life
============
Yevtushenko was born Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Gangnus (he later took his
mother's last name, Yevtushenko) in Irkutsk Oblast of Siberia in a
small town called Zima on 18 July 1933 to a peasant family of noble
descent. He had Russian, Baltic German, Ukrainian, Polish, Belarusian,
and Tatar roots. His maternal great-grandfather Joseph Baikovsky
belonged to szlachta, while his wife was of Ukrainian descent. They
were exiled to Siberia after a peasant rebellion headed by Joseph. One
of their daughters - Maria Baikovskaya - married Ermolai Naumovich
Yevtushenko who was of Belarusian descent. He served as a soldier in
the Imperial Army during World War I and as an officer in the Red Army
during the Civil War. His paternal ancestors were Germans who moved to
the Russian Empire in 1767. His grandfather Rudolph Gangnus, a math
teacher of Baltic German descent, married Anna Plotnikova of Russian
nobility. Both of Yevtushenko's grandfathers were arrested during
Stalin's purges as "enemies of the people" in 1937.
Yevtushenko's father, Aleksandr Rudolfovich Gangnus, was a geologist,
as was his mother, Zinaida Ermolaevna Yevtushenko, who later became a
singer. The boy accompanied his father on geological expeditions to
Kazakhstan in 1948, and to Altai, Siberia, in 1950. Young Yevtushenko
wrote his first verses and humorous chastushki while living in Zima,
Siberia. His parents were divorced when he was 7 and he was raised by
his mother. By age 10, he had composed his first poem. Six years later
a sports journal was the first periodical to publish his poetry. At
19, he published his first book of poems, 'The Prospects of the
Future'.
After the Second World War, Yevtushenko moved to Moscow and from 1951
to 1954 studied at the Gorky Institute of Literature in Moscow, from
which he dropped out. In 1952, he joined the Union of Soviet Writers
after publication of his first collection of poetry. His early poem
'So mnoyu vot chto proiskhodit' ('"That's what is happening to me"')
became a very popular song, performed by actor-songwriter Alexander
Dolsky. In 1955, Yevtushenko wrote a poem about the Soviet borders
being an obstacle in his life. His first important publication was the
1956 poem 'Stantsiya Zima' ('"Zima Station"'). In 1957, he was
expelled from the Literary Institute for "individualism". He was once
labeled "'the head of the intellectual juvenile delinquents'" whose
poems were "'pygmy spittle'". He was banned from travelling but gained
wide popularity with the Soviet public. His early work also drew
praise from Boris Pasternak, Carl Sandburg and Robert Frost.
During the Khrushchev Thaw
============================
Yevtushenko was one of the authors politically active during the
Khrushchev Thaw. In 1961, he wrote what would become perhaps his most
famous poem, 'Babiyy Yar', in which he denounced the Soviet distortion
of historical fact regarding the Nazi massacre of the Jewish
population of Kyiv in September 1941, as well as the anti-Semitism
still widespread in the Soviet Union. The usual Soviet policy in
relation to the Holocaust in Russia was to describe it as general
atrocities against Soviet citizens and to avoid mentioning that it was
a genocide of the Jews. However, Yevtushenko's work 'Babiyy Yar'
"spoke not only of the Nazi atrocities, but the Soviet government's
own persecution of Jewish people." The poem was published in a major
newspaper, 'Literaturnaya Gazeta', achieved widespread circulation in
numerous copies, and later was set to music, together with four other
Yevtushenko poems, by Dmitri Shostakovich in his Thirteenth Symphony,
subtitled 'Babi Yar'. Of Yevtushenko's work, Shostakovich has said,
"Morality is a sister of conscience. And perhaps God is with
Yevtushenko when he speaks of conscience. Every morning, in place of
prayers, I reread or repeat by memory two poems by Yevtushenko:
'Career' or 'Boots'."
After the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in
October 1961 - at which the former dictator Joseph Stalin was
denounced in public for crimes committed in the 1930s, Yevtushenko was
allowed to join the editorial board of the journal 'Yunost', and in
October 1962 was sent to Cuba as a correspondent of 'Pravda'. In 1962,
knowing that there was backlash against the anti-Stalin campaign,
Yevtushenko wrote 'Nasledniki Stalina' ('The Heirs of Stalin'), in
which he stated that although Stalin was dead, Stalinism and its
legacy still dominated the country; in the poem he also directly
addressed the Soviet government, imploring them to make sure that
Stalin would "never rise again". The poem also taunted neo-Stalinists
for being out of touch with the times, saying "No wonder they suffer
heart attacks." It was well known that Khrushchev's most dangerous
rival, Frol Kozlov had recently had a heart attack. Yevtushenko wrote
in his memoirs that he sent a copy of the poem to Khrushchev, who
approved its publication. Published originally in 'Pravda' on 21
October 1962, the poem was not republished until a quarter of a
century later, in the times of the comparatively liberal Party leader
Mikhail Gorbachev.
In January 1963, he began a tour of West Germany and France, and while
he was in Paris, arranged for his 'Precocious Autobiography' to be
serialised in 'L'Express'. This created a scandal in Moscow. In
February, he was ordered to return to the USSR and at the end of March
he was accused by the writer G. A. Zhukov of an 'act of treason' and
in April another writer, Vladimir Fedorov, proposed that he be
expelled from the Writers' Union. No official action was taken against
him, but he was barred from travelling abroad for several years.
Yevtushenko became one of the best known poets of the 1950s and 1960s
in the Soviet Union. He was part of the 1960s generation, which
included such writers as Vasily Aksyonov, Andrei Voznesensky, Bella
Akhmadulina, Robert Rozhdestvensky, Anatoly Gladilin; as well as
actors Andrei Mironov, Aleksandr Zbruyev, Natalya Fateyeva, and many
others. During the time, Anna Akhmatova, a number of whose family
members suffered under the communist rule, criticised Yevtushenko's
aesthetic ideals and his poetics. The poet Victor Krivulin quoted her,
saying that "Yevtushenko doesn't rise above an average newspaper
satirist's level. Yevtushenko and Andrei Voznesensky's works just
don't do it for me, therefore neither of them exists for me as a
poet."
Alternatively, Yevtushenko was much respected by others at the time
both for his poetry and his political stance toward the Soviet
government. "Dissident Pavel Litvinov had said that '[Yevtushenko]
expressed what my generation felt. Then we left him behind.'" Between
1963 until 1965, for example, Yevtushenko, already an internationally
recognised 'littérateur', was banned from travelling outside the
Soviet Union. In 1963, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in
Literature for his poem 'Babiyy Yar'.
Generally, however, Yevtushenko was still the most extensively
travelled Soviet poet, possessing an amazing capability to balance
between moderate criticism of the Soviet regime, which gained him
popularity in the West, and, as noted by some, a strong
Marxist-Leninist ideological stance, which allegedly proved his
loyalty to Soviet authorities.
At that time, KGB Chairman Vladimir Semichastny and the next KGB
Chairman Yuri Andropov reported to the Communist Politburo on the
"Anti-Soviet activity of poet Yevtushenko." Nevertheless, some
nicknamed Yevtushenko "Zhenya Gapon," comparing him to Father Georgy
Gapon, a Russian priest who at the time of the Revolution of 1905 was
both a leader of rebellious workers and a secret police agent.
Controversy
=============
In 1965, Yevtushenko joined Anna Akhmatova, Korney Chukovsky,
Jean-Paul Sartre and others and co-signed the letter of protest
against the unfair trial of Joseph Brodsky as a result of the court
case against him initiated by the Soviet authorities. He subsequently
co-signed a letter against the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
in 1968.
Nevertheless, "when, in 1987, Yevtushenko was made an honorary member
of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, Brodsky himself led a
flurry of protest, accusing Yevtushenko of duplicity and claiming that
Yevtushenko's criticism of the Soviet Union was launched only in the
directions approved by the Party and that he criticised what was
acceptable to the Kremlin, when it was acceptable to the Kremlin,
while soaking up adulation and honours as a fearless voice of
dissent." Further, of note is "Yevtushenko's protest of the trial of
Andrei Sinyavsky and Yuli Daniel, an event now credited with
inaugurating the modern dissident movement and readying the national
pulse for perestroika. Both writers had toiled under pseudonyms and
stood accused, in 1966, of "anti-Soviet activity" for the views
espoused by their fictional characters. But Yevtushenko's actual
position was that the writers were guilty, only punished too
severely." "Yevtushenko was not among the authors of the "Letter of
the 63" who protested [their convictions]."
On 23 August 1968, Yevtushenko sent a telegram to the Soviet prime
minister Alexei Kosygin lamenting the invasion of Czechoslovakia, but
"when Yevtushenko was nominated for the poetry chair at Oxford in
1968, Kingsley Amis, Bernard Levin, and the Russian-Hungarian
historian Tibor Szamuely led the campaign against him, arguing that he
had made life difficult for his fellow Soviet writers."
Films
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He was filmed as himself during the 1950s as a performing poet-actor.
Yevtushenko contributed lyrics to several Soviet films and contributed
to the script of 'Soy Cuba' ('I Am Cuba', 1964), a Soviet propaganda
film. His acting career began with the leading role in 'Vzlyot'
('Take-Off', 1979) by director Savva Kulish, where he played the
leading role as Russian rocket scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.
Yevtushenko also made two films as a writer/director. His film 'Detsky
Sad' ('Kindergarten', 1983) and his last film, 'Pokhorony Stalina'
('Stalin's Funeral', 1990) deal with life in the Soviet Union.
Post-Soviet period
====================
In 1989, Yevtushenko was elected as a representative for Kharkiv in
the Soviet Parliament (Congress of Peoples Deputies), where he was a
member of the pro-democratic group supporting Mikhail Gorbachev. In
1991, he supported Boris Yeltsin, as the latter defended the
parliament of the Russian Federation during the hardline coup that
sought to oust Gorbachev and reverse "perestroika". Later, however,
when Yeltsin sent tanks into restive Chechnya, Yevtushenko reportedly
"denounced his old ally and refused to accept an award from him."
In the post-Soviet era, Yevtushenko actively discussed environmental
issues, confronted Russian Nationalist writers from the alternative
Union of the Writers of Russia, and campaigned for the preservation of
the memory of victims of Stalin's Gulag. In 1995, he published his
huge anthology of contemporary Russian poetry entitled 'Verses of the
Century'.
In the West
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After October 2007, Yevtushenko divided his time between Russia and
the United States, teaching Russian and European poetry and the
history of world cinema at the University of Tulsa in Oklahoma and at
Queens College of the City University of New York as well as at
Florida Atlantic University. In a 1995 interview, he said, "I like
very much the University of Tulsa. My students are sons of ranchers,
even cowboys, oil engineers. They are different people, but they are
very gifted. They are closer to Mother Nature than the big city. They
are more sensitive."
In the West, he was best known for his criticism of the Soviet
bureaucracy and appeals for getting rid of the legacy of Stalin. He
was working on a three-volume collection of 11th to 20th-century
Russian poetry and planned a novel based on his time in Havana during
the Cuban Missile Crisis (he was, reportedly, good friends with Che
Guevara, Salvador Allende and Pablo Neruda).
In October 2007, he was an artist-in-residence with the College of
Arts and Humanities at the University of Maryland, College Park, and
recited his poem 'Babi Yar' before a performance of Dmitri
Shostakovich's Symphony No. 13 by the University of Maryland Symphony
Orchestra. The first time that the two works that Shostakovich set to
Yevtushenko texts were performed on the same program, was in 1998 at
the University of Houston's Moores School of Music, under the baton of
Franz Anton Krager, with Yevtushenko present. The performance was the
idea of the then-President of the Moores School of Music Society,
Philip Berquist, a long-time friend of Yevtushenko, after the poet
informed him that the two works had never been performed together.
Yevtushenko had told Berquist that Leonard Bernstein had wanted to do
so, but it never came to realisation.
The first translation of Yevtushenko's poetry into English was
'Yevtushenko: Selected Poems', a translation by Robin Milner-Gulland
and Peter Levi published in 1962.
Criticism
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Michael Weiss, writing in 'The New York Sun' in 2008, asserted that
"Yevtushenko's politics have always been a complicated mixture of
bravery, populism, and vulgar accommodation with dictatorship." Judith
Colp of 'The Washington Times', for example, described Yevtushenko as
"his country's most controversial modern poet, a man whose reputation
is poised between courageous behind-the-scenes reformer and failed
dissident." Indeed, "as the Sovietologist and literary critic Robert
Conquest put it in a 1974 profile: 'The writers who had briefly
flourished [under Khrushchev's thaw] went two different ways.
Solzhenitsyn and his like into silenced opposition; Yevtushenko and
his like, sometimes reluctantly, sometimes in the hope of still
influencing matters a little, into well-rewarded collaboration.'" Some
argue that before the appearance of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Andrei
Sakharov, and the dissident movement in the Soviet Union, Yevtushenko,
through his poetry, was the first voice to speak out against Stalinism
(although Boris Pasternak is often considered "to have helped give
birth to the dissident movement with the publication of his 'Doctor
Zhivago'"). Colp adds: "Sovietologist Stephen Cohen of Princeton
University contends that Yevtushenko was among those Soviets who
didn't become dissidents but in their own way tried to improve
conditions and prepare the way for reform, [saying that] 'They
exhibited a kind of civic courage that many Americans didn't
recognize.'" Kevin O'Connor, in his 'Intellectuals and Apparatchiks,'
noted that Yevtushenko was "a popular liberal who never experienced
the sort of intimidation that characterized regime's treatment of
dissident writers Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Vladimir Voinovich (each
of whom was forced to leave the USSR)."
The exile poet Joseph Brodsky repeatedly criticised Yevtushenko for
what he perceived as his "conformism", especially after the latter was
made a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Commenting
on this controversy in 'A Night in the Nabokov Hotel', an anthology of
Russian poetry in English translation, Anatoly Kudryavitsky wrote that
"A few Russian poets enjoyed virtual pop-star status, unthinkable if
transposed to other parts of Europe. In reality, they were far from
any sort of protest against Soviet totalitarianism and therefore could
not be regarded as anything else but naughty children of the regime."
Furthermore, some criticised Yevtushenko regarding Pasternak's widow,
given that "when Pasternak's widow, Olga Ivinskaya, was imprisoned on
trumped-up charges of illegally dealing in foreign currency,
Yevtushenko publicly maligned her [and added] that 'Doctor Zhivago'
was not worth publishing in the Soviet Union." Brodsky once said of
Yevtushenko, "He throws stones only in directions that are officially
sanctioned and approved."
Moreover, "the poet Irina Ratushinskaya, upon her release from prison
and arrival in the West, dismissed Yevtushenko as 'an official poet'
and the novelist Vasily Aksyonov has also refused contact [with
Yevtushenko]." Responding to the criticism, Yevtushenko reportedly
said:
Who could sanction me to write 'Babi Yar', or my protests against the
(1968) Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia? Only I criticised Khrushchev
to his face; not even Solzhenitsyn did that. It is only the envy of
people who couldn't stand against the propaganda machine, and they
invented things about my generation, the artists of the '60s. Our
generation was breaking the Iron Curtain. It was a generation crippled
by history, and most of our dreams were doomed to be unfulfilled - but
the fight for freedom was not in vain.
Yevtushenko further notes that "in several cases [he] personally rose
to the defense of these writers, interceding privately for
Ratushinskaya's release from prison, defending Aksyonov and others who
were expelled from the Writers' Union."
Critics differ on the stature of Yevtushenko in the literary world.
Yevtushenko's defenders point to how much he did to oppose the Stalin
legacy, his animus fueled by the knowledge that both of his
grandfathers had perished in Stalin's purges of the 1930s. He was
expelled from his university in 1956 for joining the defense of a
banned novel, Vladimir Dudintsev's 'Not by Bread Alone'. He refused to
join in the official campaign against Boris Pasternak, the author of
'Doctor Zhivago' and the recipient of the 1958 Nobel Prize in
Literature. Yevtushenko denounced the invasion of Czechoslovakia in
1968; interceded with the KGB chief, Yuri Andropov, on behalf of
another Nobel laureate, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn; and opposed the Soviet
invasion of Afghanistan in 1979."
Personal life and death
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Yevtushenko was known for his many alleged liaisons. Yevtushenko was
married four times: in 1954, he married Bella Akhmadulina, who
published her first collection of poems in 1962. After divorce, he
married Galina Sokol-Lukonina. Yevtushenko's third wife was English
translator Jan Butler (married in 1978), and his fourth Maria
Novikova, whom he married in 1986. He had five sons: Dmitry, Sasha,
Pyotr, Anton and Yevgeny. His wife taught Russian at Edison
Preparatory School in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Yevtushenko himself spent half
the year at the University of Tulsa, lecturing on poetry and European
cinema.
Yevtushenko died on the morning of 1 April 2017, at the Hillcrest
Medical Center in Tulsa. His widow, Maria Novikova, reported that he
died peacefully in his sleep of heart failure. His son Yevgeny
reported that Yevtushenko had been diagnosed with cancer about six
years before and that he had undergone surgery to remove part of a
kidney, but the disease had recently returned. "His wife, Maria
Novikova, and their two sons, Dmitry and Yevgeny, were reportedly with
him when he died." Following his death, Yevtushenko was described by
his friend and translator Robin Milner-Gulland as "an absolute natural
talent at performance" on BBC Radio 4's 'Last Word' programme.
Milner-Gulland also wrote, in an obituary in 'The Guardian', that
"there was a brief stage when the development of Russian literature
seemed almost synonymous with his name", and that amidst his
characteristics of "sharpness, sentiment, populism, self-confidence
and sheer enjoyment of the sound of language", he was "above all a
generous spirit". Raymond H. Anderson stated in 'The New York Times'
that his "defiant" poetry "inspired a generation of young Russians in
their fight against Stalinism during the Cold War".
Awards and honours
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In 1962, Yevtushenko was featured on the cover of 'Time' magazine. In
1993, he received a medal as 'Defender of Free Russia,' which was
given to those who took part in resisting the hard-line Communist coup
in August 1991. In July 2000 the Russian Academy of Sciences named a
star in his honour. In 2001, his childhood home in Zima Junction,
Siberia, was restored and opened as a permanent museum of poetry.
Yevtushenko received in 1991 the American Liberties Medallion, the
highest honour conferred by the American Jewish Committee. He was made
a Laureate of the International Botev Prize, in Bulgaria in 2006. In
2007, he was awarded the Ovid Prize, Romania, in recognition of his
body of work.
* Order of the Badge of Honour (1967)
* Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1983)
* "Frudzheno-81" (Italy), "SIMBA Academy" in 1984 (Italy)
* USSR State Prize (1984) - for the poem "Mother and Neutron Bomb"
* Order of Friendship of Peoples (offered in 1993, but refused in
protest against the war in Chechnya)
* Tsarskoselskaya art prize (2003)
* Honorary Citizen of the city of Petrozavodsk (2006)
* Honorary Doctor of Petrozavodsk State University (2007)
* Commander of the Order of Bernardo O'Higgins (Chile, 2009)
* State Prize of the Russian Federation (2010)
* Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Arts
* Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 3rd class
* "Golden Chain of the Commonwealth" (2011)- the highest award of the
NGO "Russian-speaking community of creators"
* The Russian national "The Poet" award (2013)
* Honorary Citizen of Irkutsk Region (2015) - for meritorious service,
creative activities contributing to raising the profile of the Irkutsk
region of the Russian Federation and abroad
* Honorary Doctor of Irkutsk State University (2015)
* Order of the "Polar Star" (2016) - for outstanding achievements in
the field of literature and arts
* 2015 - China International Prize "Chzhunkun" ( Chin. Ex. 中坤国际诗歌奖,
pinyin : Zhōngkūn guójì shīgē jiǎng ) for his outstanding contribution
to the world of poetry
* 2007, on the initiative of the World Congress of Russian Jews
(WCRJ), nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2008 for the
poem "Babi Yar"
* 22 January 2005 in Turin, the Italian literary award Grinzane Cavour
(Yevtushenko was awarded the Premio of Grinzane Cavour ) - for their
ability to convey the eternal themes by means of literature,
especially to the younger generation"
* Honorary Member of the Royal Spanish Academy and of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences
* The Boccaccio Prize (Italy) - for the best foreign novel
* The Golden Lion International Prize (Venice)
* The Grinzane Cavour Prize (22 January 2005, Turin, Italy) - "for his
ability to convey the eternal themes of the means of literature,
especially to the younger generation"
* Professor at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Santo
Domingo and the University of Tulsa
* An asteroid 4234 Evtushenko was named after him in 1994
Bibliography
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source:
*'Razvedchiki Griadushchego' ("The Prospectors of the Future"), 1952
*'Treti Sneg' ("The Third Snow"), 1955
*'Shosse Entuziastov' ("Highway of the Enthusiasts"), 1956
*'Stantsiia Zima' ("Winter Station"), 1956
*'Obeshchanie' ("Promise"), 1957
*'Dve Liubimykh' ("Two Beloved Ones"), 1958
*'Luk I Lira' ("A Bow and a Lyra"), 1959
*'Stikhi Raznykh Let' ("Poems of Several Years"), 1959
*'Chetvertaia Meshchanskaia' ("Four Vulgar Women"), 1959
*'Iabloko' ("The Apple"), 1960
*'Red Cats', 1961
*'Baby Yar' ("Babi Yar"), 1961
*'Posle Stalina' ("After Stalin"), 1962
*'Vzmach Ruki', 1962
*'Selected Poems' London: Penguin, 1962
*'Nezhnost': Novye Stikni' ("Tenderness: New Poems"), 1962
*'Nasledniki Stalina' ("The Heirs of Stalin"), 1963
*'Autobiografia' ("A Precocious Autobiography"), 1963
*'Selected Poetry', 1963
*'Soy Cuba', 1964 (screenplay with Enrique Pineda Barbet)
*'The Poetry of Yevgeny Yevtusenko', 1964
*'Khochu Ia Stat' Nemnozhko Straromodym' ("I Want to Become a Bit
Old-Fashioned"), 1964
*'Americanci, gde vash president' ("Americans, Where is your
President?"), 1964
*'Bratskaya Ges' ("The Bratsk Station"), 1965
*'Khotiat Li Russkie Voiny?' ("Want the Russian Wars?"), 1965
*'Poems', 1966
*'Yevtusenko Poems', 1966
*'Yevtusenko's Reader: The Spirit of Elbe, a Precocious
Autobiography', Poems, 1966
*'Kater Zviazi' ("The Zvyazi Boat"), 1966
*'Kachka' ("Swing-Boat"), 1966
*'The Execution of Stepan Razin', Op. 119, 1966 (score by Dmitri
Shostakovich, 1966
*'Poems Chosen by the Author', 1966
*'The City of the Yes and the City of the No and Other Poems', 1966
*'So Mnoiu Vot Chto Proiskhodit' ("This is what is happening to me"),
1966
*'New Works: the Bratsk Station', 1966
*'Stikhi' ("Poems"), 1967
*'New Poems', 1968
*'Tramvai Poezii' ("Train of Poetry"), 1968
*'Tiaga Val'dshnepov' ("The Pull of the Woodcocks"), 1968
*'Bratskaia Ges' ("The Bratsk Station"), 1968
*'Idut Belye Snegi' ("The White Snow Is Falling"), 1969
*'Flowers and Bullets, and Freedom to Kill', 1970
*'Kazanskii Universitet' ("Kazan University and Other New Poems"),
1971
*'Ia Sibirskoi Porody' ("I'm of Siberian Stock"), 1971
*'Doroka Nomen Odin' ("Highway Number One"), 1972
*'Stolen Apples: His Own Selection of his Best Work.' W. H. Allen,
1972
*'Izbrannye Proizvedeniia', 2 vols., 1975
*'Poiushchaia Damba' ("The Singing Dam"), 1972
*'Under the Skin of the Statue of Liberty', play, 1982
*'Poet V Rossii - Bol'she, Chem Poet' ("A Poet in Russia Is more than
a Poet"), 1973
*'Intimnaia Lirika' ("Intimate Lyrics"), 1973
*'Ottsovskii Slukh' ("Paternal Hearing"), 1975
*'Izbrannye Proizvedeniia' ("Selected Works"), 2 vols., 1975
*'Proseka' ("The Glade"), 1976
*'Spasibo' ("Thankyou"), 1976
*'From Desire to Desire', 1976 (UK: 'Love Poems')
*'V Polnyi Rost' ("At Full Growth"), 1977
*'Zaklinanie' ("A Spell"), 1977
*'Utrennyi Narod' ("The Morning Crowds"), 1978
*'Prisiaga Prostoru' ("An Oath to Space"), 1978
*'Kompromiss Kompromissovich' ("Compromise of Compromise"), 1978
*'The Face Behind the Face', 1979
*'Ivan the Terrible and Ivan the Fool', 1979
*'Tiazhelee Zemli' ("Heavier than Earth"), 1979
*'Kogda Muzhchine Sorok Let' ("When a Man Is 40"), 1979
*'Doroka, Ukhodiashchaia Vdal' ("The Highway, Leaving Away"), 1979
*'Svarka Vzryvom' ("Wedding Explosion"), 1980
*'Talent Est Chudo Nesluchainoe' ("Talent Is a Miracle Coming Not by
Chance"), 1980
*'Tochka Opory' ("Fulcrum"), 1980
*'Tret'ia Pamiat' ("Third Memory"), 1980
*'Poslushaite Menia' ("Listen to Me"), 1980
*'Ardabiola', 1981
*'Yagodnyye Mesta' ("Wild Berries"), 1981
*'Invisible Threads', 1981
*'Ia Sibiriak' ("I'm a Siberian"), 1981
*'Sobranie Socineniy' ("Collection of Works"), 1982
*'A Dove in Santiago', 1982
*'Dve Pary Lyzh' ("Two Pairs of Skis"), 1982
*'Belye Snegi' ("White Snow"), 1982
*'Mama I Neitronaiia Bomba I Drugie Poemy' ("Mother and Neutron Bomb
and Other Poems"), 1983
*'Otkuda Rodom Ia' ("Where I Come From"), 1983
*'Voina - Eto Antikultura' ("War is Anti-Culture"), 1983
*'Sobranie Sochinenii' ("Collected Works"), 3 vols., 1983-84
*'Kindergarten', screenplay, 1984
*'Fuku', 1985 - Fuku: Runoelma
*'Pochti Naposledok' ("Almost at the End"), 1985
*'Dva Goroda' (Two Towns"), 1985
*'More', 1985
*'Poltravinochki', 1986
*'Stikhi' ("Poems"), 1986
*'Zavrtrashnii Veter' ("Tomorrow's Wind"), 1987
*'Stikhotvoreniia I Poemy 1951-1986' ("Poems and Verses"), 3 vols.,
1987
*'Posledniaia Popytka' (The Last Attempt"), 1988
*'Pochti V Poslednii Mig' ("Almost at the Last Moment"), 1988
*'Nezhnost' ("Tenderness"), 1988
*'Divided Twins: Alaska and Siberia - Razdel'ennye Bliznetsy', 1988
*'Poemy O Mire' ("Verses on Peace"), 1989
*'Detskii sad Moscow' ("Moscow Kindergarten"), Screenplay, 1989
*'Stikhi' ("Poems"), 1989
*'Grazhdane, Poslushaite Menia...' ("Citizens, Listen to Me"), 1989
*'Liubimaia, Spi...' ("Loved One, Sleep..."), 1989
*'Detskii Sad' ("Kindergarten"), 1989
*'Pomozhem Svobode' ("We Will Help Freedom"), 1990
*'Politika Privilegiia Vsekh' ("Everybody's Privilege"), 1990
*'Propast - V Dva Pryzhka?' ("The Precipice - In Two Leaps?"), 1990
*'Fatal Half Measures', 1991
*'The Collected Poems 1952-1990', 1991
*'Ne Umirai Prezhde Smerti' ("Don't Die Before You're Dead"), 1993
*'Moe Samoe-samoe' ("My Most most"), 1995
*'Pre-morning. Predutro', bilingual edition, 1995
*'Medlennaia Liubov' ("Slow Love"), 1997
*'Izbrannaia Proza' ("Selected Prose"), 1998
*'Volchii Pasport', 1998
*'The Best of the Best: A New Book of Poetry in English and Russian',
1999
*'Walk on the Ledge: A New Book of Poetry in English and Russian',
2005
*'Shestidesantnik: memuarnaia proza' ("Paratroopers of the 1960s: A
Memoir in Prose"), 2006
References
======================================================================
* 'A Night in the Nabokov Hotel. 20 Contemporary Poets from Russia',
Anatoly Kudryavitsky (ed.), Dublin, Dedalus Press, 2006
([
http://www.dedaluspress.com/anthologies/nabokovhotel.html Online])
* 'Строфы века. Антология русской поэзии', Yevgeny Yevtushenko (ed.),
Verses of the Century, 1995
* [
http://www.kid.com.ua/news10154.html Krivulin, Victor. Memoirs
about Akhmatova]
* [
http://www.newkamera.de/purin/purin_o_18.html Purin, Alexey,
'Tsar-Book: Verses of the Century', Yevtushenko (ed.)]
Further reading
======================================================================
* Yevtushenko, Yevgeny: 'The Collected Poems 1952-1990', New York:
Henry Holt (1992)
*
* 'Soviet Russian Literature: Writers and Problems' by M. Slonim
(1967)
*
[
https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/30/archives/the-politics-of-poetry-the-sad-case-of-yevgeny-yevtushenko.html
"The Politics of Poetry: The Sad Case of Yevgeny Yevtushenko"] by
Robert Conquest, in 'New York Times Magazine' (30 September 1973)
* 'Soviet Russian Literature Since Stalin', by Deming Brown (1978)
* 'Evgenii Evtushenko' by E. Sidorov (1987)
* 'Soviet Literature in the 1980s', by N. N. Shneidman (1989)
* 'Reference Guide to Russian Literature', by Neil Cornwell (ed.)
(1998)
* Ginzburg, Lyubov:
[
https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/global-citizen-and-champion-peace
"A Global Citizen and a Champion for Peace"]. 'United Nations Academic
Impact'. 24 May 2017.
Reviews
=========
* McDuff, David (1982), review of 'Invisible Threads', in 'Cencrastus'
No. 9, Summer 1982, p. 48,
External links
======================================================================
* [
http://stihipoeta.ru/evgeniy-evtushenko/ Yevgeny Yevtushenko
poetry] at [
http://stihipoeta.ru/ Stihipoeta.ru]
*
[
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/yevgeny-yevtushenko-profile
Biography] - 'Canadian Encyclopedia'
*
[
https://web.archive.org/web/20051102002804/http://lightning.prohosting.com/~zhenka/poemarchive.html
Yevgeny Yevtushenko online archive]
*
* [
http://vagalecs.narod.ru/Yevtuz.htm Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Collected
Poems in English. Part 1]
* [
http://vagalecs.narod.ru/Yevtuy.HTM Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Collected
Poems in English. Part 2]
* [
http://vagalecs.narod.ru/ZIMAST.HTM Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Zima
Station Poem ]
* [
http://www.stihi.ru/2015/04/09/3547 Yevgeny Yevtushenko. "May God"
("Дай Бог") (English translation) ]
*
[
https://web.archive.org/web/20070211093725/http://spintongues.msk.ru/aytmatov.html
Chingiz Aitmatov on Yevgeny Yevtushenko]
*
[
https://web.archive.org/web/20081004191523/http://spintongues.msk.ru/VoznesenskyYevtuh.htm
Andrey Voznesensky's article on Yevgeny Yevtushenko]
* [
http://chiasmos.uchicago.edu/events/yevtushenko.shtml Audio/Video
recordings] of a Poetry Reading by Yevgeny Yevtushenko at the
University of Chicago
* The [
https://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/coll/bookplate.html Bookplate
Collection] in the Rare Book and Special Collection Division at the
Library of Congress contains materials related to the career of
Yevtushenko.
License
=========
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License URL:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Original Article:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny_Yevtushenko
