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= The_Three_Musketeers =
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Introduction
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'The Three Musketeers' () is a French historical adventure novel
written and published in 1844 by French author Alexandre Dumas. It is
the first of the author's three d'Artagnan Romances. As with some of
his other works, he wrote it in collaboration with ghostwriter Auguste
Maquet. It is in the swashbuckler genre, which has heroic, chivalrous
swordsmen who fight for justice.
Set between 1625 and 1628, it recounts the adventures of a young man
named d'Artagnan (a character based on Charles de Batz-Castelmore
d'Artagnan) after he leaves home to travel to Paris, hoping to join
the Musketeers of the Guard. Although d'Artagnan is not able to join
this elite corps immediately, he is befriended by three of the most
formidable musketeers of the age - Athos, Porthos and Aramis, "the
three musketeers" or "the three inseparables" - and becomes involved
in affairs of state and at court.
'The Three Musketeers' is primarily a historical and adventure novel.
However, Dumas frequently portrays various injustices, abuses and
absurdities of the Ancien Régime, giving the novel an additional
political significance at the time of its publication, a time when the
debate in France between republicans and monarchists was still fierce.
The story was first serialised from March to July 1844, during the
July Monarchy, four years before the French Revolution of 1848
established the Second Republic.
The story of d'Artagnan is continued in 'Twenty Years After' and 'The
Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later'.
Origin
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Dumas presents his novel as one of a series of recovered manuscripts,
turning the origins of his romance into a little drama of its own. In
the preface, he tells of being inspired by a scene in 'Mémoires de
Monsieur d'Artagnan' (1700), a historical novel by Gatien de Courtilz
de Sandras, printed by Pierre Rouge in Amsterdam, which Dumas
discovered during his research for his history of Louis XIV. According
to Dumas, the incident where d'Artagnan tells of his first visit to M.
de Tréville, captain of the Musketeers, and how, in the antechamber,
he encountered three young Béarnese with the names Athos, Porthos and
Aramis, made such an impression on him that he continued to
investigate.
Dumas's account is true up to this point, but is fictionalised from
then on, relating how he finally found the names of the three
musketeers in a manuscript titled 'Mémoire de M. le comte de la Fère,
etc.' Dumas "requested permission" to reprint the manuscript; which
was granted:
Now, this is the first part of this precious manuscript which we
offer to our readers, restoring it to the title which belongs to it,
and entering into an engagement that if (of which we have no doubt)
this first part should obtain the success it merits, we will publish
the second immediately.
In the meanwhile, since godfathers are second fathers, as it were, we
beg the reader to lay to our account and not to that of the Comte de
la Fère, the pleasure or the ennui he may experience.
This being understood, let us proceed with our story.
'The Three Musketeers' was written in collaboration with Auguste
Maquet, who also worked with Dumas on its sequels ('Twenty Years
After' and 'The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later'), as well as
'The Count of Monte Cristo'. Maquet would suggest plot outlines after
doing historical research; Dumas then expanded the plot, removing some
characters, including new ones and imbuing the story with his
unmistakable style.
'The Three Musketeers' was first published in serial form in the
newspaper 'Le Siècle' between March and July 1844.
Plot
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In 1625 France, D'Artagnan leaves his family in Gascony and travels to
Paris to join the Musketeers of the Guard. At a house in
Meung-sur-Loire, an older man derides D'Artagnan's horse. Insulted,
D'Artagnan demands a duel. The older man's companions instead beat
D'Artagnan unconscious with a cooking pot and a tong that breaks his
sword. His letter of introduction to Monsieur de Tréville, the
commander of the Musketeers, a King's elite regiment, is stolen.
D'Artagnan resolves to avenge himself upon the older man, who is
actually the Comte de Rochefort, an agent of Cardinal Richelieu, who
is passing the latter's orders to his spy, Milady de Winter.
In Paris, D'Artagnan visits Tréville at the Musketeers' headquarters.
Without the letter, he faces a lukewarm reception from Tréville.
Before their conversation concludes, D'Artagnan sees Rochefort passing
in the street through Tréville's window and rushes out of the building
to confront him. Pursuing Rochefort, he separately offends three
musketeers, Athos, Porthos and Aramis, who each demand satisfaction;
D'Artagnan must fight a duel with each of them that afternoon.
As D'Artagnan prepares himself for the first duel, he realizes that
Athos's seconds are Porthos and Aramis, who are astonished that the
Gascon intends to duel them all. As D'Artagnan and Athos begin,
Richelieu's guards appear and attempt to arrest the musketeers for
illegal dueling. Offered to leave by the Cardinal's guards, D'Artagnan
decides to help the musketeers. Despite being outnumbered four to
five, the four men win the battle. D'Artagnan seriously wounds Jussac,
one of Richelieu's officers and a renowned fighter. King Louis XIII
appoints D'Artagnan to Des Essart's company of the King's Guards, a
less prestigious regiment, and gives him forty pistoles.
D'Artagnan hires a servant named Planchet and finds lodgings with
Bonacieux, a merchant. His landlord later mentions the kidnapping of
his wife, Constance Bonacieux, who works for Queen Anne of France.
When she is released, D'Artagnan falls in love at first sight with
her. Queen Anne secretly meets the Duke of Buckingham, England's
first minister. At the meeting, she gives him a diamond necklace, the
King's gift to her, as a keepsake.
Richelieu, who wants to diminish the influence of Queen Anne and her
Spanish entourage on French internal affairs, plots to persuade the
King that his wife is having an affair with Buckingham. On his advice,
the King demands that the Queen wears the diamonds to an upcoming
soirée. Constance tries to send her husband to London to fetch the
diamonds, but he is instead manipulated by Richelieu and thus does not
go, so D'Artagnan and his friends intercede. En route to England,
Richelieu's henchmen attack them--Porthos is compelled to fight a duel
and is badly wounded, Aramis is shot in an ambush, and Athos is
falsely accused of forging money and detained at an inn. Only
D'Artagnan and Planchet reach London. Before arriving, D'Artagnan is
compelled to assault and nearly to kill Comte de Wardes, a friend of
Richelieu, cousin of Rochefort and Milady's love interest. Although
Milady stole two of the diamond studs, Buckingham provides
replacements while delaying the thief's return to Paris. D'Artagnan
thus returns a complete set of jewels to Queen Anne in time to save
her honor.
D'Artagnan hopes to begin an affair with the grateful Constance. She
writes him a letter asking her to meet him in private, but when he
arrives, he sees signs of a struggle and discovers that Rochefort and
Bonacieux, acting under the orders of Richelieu, have kidnapped
Constance again. D'Artagnan traces his steps back to find his friends
whom he abandoned on his way to London. At their meeting, Athos,
drunk, tells D'Artagnan a story about a count who fell in love with
and married a young woman. Months later, the count discovered that his
wife was branded with a 'fleur-de-lis' on her shoulder, a punishment
for felony. The count left her to die in a forest with her hands tied,
abandoned his family castle and joined the King's guard under another
name. D'Artagnan understands that Athos is telling his own story.
In Paris, D'Artagnan meets Milady and recognizes her as one of
Richelieu's agents. Nevertheless, he becomes infatuated with her,
forgetting Constance, though her maid, Kitty, reveals that Milady is
indifferent towards him. Entering her quarters in the dark, he
pretends to be Comte de Wardes, whom she invited in a letter that
D'Artagnan intercepted and makes love to her. However, D'Artagnan is
not satisfied--he wants Milady to love him for who he is. He fakes a
rude letter from de Wardes, offending Milady. She asks D'Artagnan to
duel and kill the Comte. They make love again, but D'Artagnan's
conscience kicks in, and he confesses his trickery. Milady is enraged
and in the subsequent scuffle, D'Artagnan discovers a 'fleur-de-lis'
branded on her shoulder. Milady attempts to kill D'Artagnan, who
eludes her. He later tells Athos that his former wife is alive.
Cardinal Richelieu offers D'Artagnan a career in his guards' ranks.
Dreading the prospect of losing his friends, D'Artagnan refuses
despite understanding that his career prospects diminish as a result.
With their regiments, D'Artagnan and the three musketeers are ordered
to the Siege of La Rochelle. There, the four friends survive two
assassination attempts by Milady's agents. The would-be assassins die
in the process.
At an inn, Athos overhears Richelieu asking Milady to murder
Buckingham, whose support is critical to the Protestant rebels at La
Rochelle. Richelieu gives her his order absolving the bearer from any
responsibility, but Athos takes the order from her. To get time to
secretly consult with his friends, Athos bets that he, D'Artagnan,
Porthos, and Aramis will hold the recaptured St. Gervais bastion
against the rebels for an hour next morning. They resist for an hour
and a half before retreating, killing a dozen Rochelaise in the
process, which adds to their legend. They warn the Queen and Lord de
Winter about Milady's plan to assassinate Buckingham. Milady is
imprisoned on arrival in England, but seduces her puritan guard,
Felton, and persuades him to allow her to escape and to kill
Buckingham himself.
D'Artagnan is informed that the Queen has rescued Constance from
prison. He gets a permission to take her from a convent where the
Queen sent her to hide.
Upon her return to France, Milady hides, coincidentally, in the
convent where Constance is hiding. The naïve Constance clings to
Milady who pretends to be another victim of the Cardinal's intrigues.
Seeking revenge on D'Artagnan, Milady poisons Constance before he
arrives to rescue her. The musketeers catch Milady before she reaches
Richelieu. Summoning a local executioner, they put Milady on trial,
sentence her to death, and have her executed. The executioner reveals
that it was he who branded Milady as a felon years before after she, a
young nun at the time, seduced and then abandoned his brother, a local
priest.
When the four friends return to the Siege of La Rochelle, Richelieu's
Guards arrest D’Artagnan. D'Artagnan gives the Cardinal the secret
order absolving the bearer of any responsibility which Athos had taken
from Milady. Impressed with D'Artagnan's candor and secretly glad to
be rid of Milady upon hearing of her past crimes, Richelieu destroys
the order and writes a new one, giving the bearer a promotion to
lieutenant in Tréville's company, leaving the name blank. D'Artagnan
offers the letter to his three friends in turn, but each refuses it;
Athos because it is beneath him, Porthos because he is retiring to
marry his wealthy mistress, and Aramis because he is joining the
priesthood. D'Artagnan, though heartbroken and full of regrets,
receives the promotion he had coveted.
Characters
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;Musketeers
*D'Artagnan - Charles de Batz de Castelmore D'Artagnan: an impetuous,
brave and clever young man seeking to become a musketeer in France.
*Athos - Comte de la Fère: he has never recovered from his marriage to
Milady and seeks solace in wine. As the oldest of the friend group, he
becomes a father figure to d'Artagnan.
*Porthos - Seigneur du Vallon: a dandy, fond of fashionable clothes
and keen to make a fortune for himself. The least cerebral of the
quartet, he compensates with his homeric strength of body and
character.
*Aramis - René d'Herblay, a handsome young man who wavers between his
religious calling and his fondness for women and court intrigue.
;Musketeers' servants
*Planchet - a young man from Picardy, he is seen by Porthos on the
Pont de la Tournelle spitting into the river below. Porthos takes this
as a sign of good character and hires him on the spot to serve
d'Artagnan. He turns out to be a brave, intelligent and loyal servant.
*Grimaud - a Breton, whom Athos, a strict master, only permits to
speak in emergencies; he mostly communicates through sign language.
*Mousqueton - originally a Norman named Boniface; Porthos, however,
changes his name to one that sounds better. He is a would-be dandy,
just as vain as his master. In lieu of pay, he is clothed and lodged
in a manner superior to that usual for servants, dressing grandly in
his master's renovated old clothing.
*Bazin - from the province of Berry, Bazin is a pious man who waits
for the day his master (Aramis) will join the church, as he has always
dreamed of serving a churchman.
;Others
*Anne de Breuil, Milady de Winter - a beautiful and evil spy of the
Cardinal, she is also Athos's ex-wife. She is a widow of Lord de
Winter's brother. (Unbeknownst to everyone, this marriage is illegal
as Athos is alive.) D'Artagnan impersonates a rival to spend a night
with her, attracting her deadly hatred when the deceit is revealed.
*Rochefort - a more conventional agent of the Cardinal. Following
their meeting at Meung on the road to Paris, d'Artagnan swears to have
his revenge. He misses several opportunities, but their paths finally
cross again towards the end of the novel.
*Constance Bonacieux - the queen's seamstress and confidante. After
d'Artagnan rescues her from the Cardinal's Guard, he immediately falls
in love with her. She appreciates his protection, but the relationship
is never consummated.
*Monsieur Bonacieux - Constance's husband. He initially enlists
d'Artagnan's help to rescue his wife from the Cardinal's Guards, but
when he himself is arrested, Richelieu turns Monsieur Bonacieux
against his wife, and he goes on to play a role in her abduction.
*Kitty - a young servant of Milady de Winter. She dislikes her
mistress and deeply adores d'Artagnan.
*Lord de Winter - brother of Milady's second husband who died of a
mysterious disease (apparently poisoned by Milady). Acting on a
warning from d'Artagnan, he imprisons Milady upon her arrival in
England and plans to send her overseas in exile. Later, he takes part
in Milady's trial.
;Historical characters
*King Louis XIII - presented by Dumas as a fairly weak and
self-indulgent monarch, often manipulated by his chief minister.
*Queen Anne of Austria - the queen of France, described as naive and
uninterested in the affairs of state, neglected by her husband and
persecuted by the Cardinal for the mix of political and personal
reasons.
*Cardinal Richelieu - Armand Jean du Plessis, the king's chief
minister, focused on strengthening the monarchy and the French
national state. At the same time, he resents the queen for rebuffing
his advances.
*M. de Tréville - captain of the Musketeers, courtier and a childhood
friend of the King. Treville is a mentor, a confidant, and
occasionally a protector to the three musketeers and d'Artagnan.
*George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham - a handsome and charismatic
favorite of the King of England used to getting his way; he thinks
nothing of starting a war between England and France for his personal
convenience. His courtship of Anne of Austria places her in great
peril.
*John Felton - a Puritan officer assigned by Lord de Winter to guard
Milady and warned about her ways, he is nonetheless seduced by her in
a matter of days and assassinates Buckingham at her request.
Translations into English
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'Les Trois Mousquetaires' was translated into three English versions
by 1846. One of these, by William Barrow (1817-1877), is still in
print and fairly faithful to the original, available in the Oxford
World's Classics 1999 edition. To conform to 19th-century English
standards, all of the explicit and many of the implicit references to
sexuality were removed, adversely affecting the readability of several
scenes, such as the scenes between d'Artagnan and Milady.
In 1960 Manfred E.Graham adapted the book for the Longman's Simplified
English Series.
There are 3 modern translations as well. One recent English
translation is by Will Hobson in 2002.
Another is by Richard Pevear (2006), who, though applauding Barrow's
work, states that most of the modern translations available today are
"textbook examples of bad translation practices" which "give their
readers an extremely distorted notion of Dumas' writing."
The most recent translation is by the American translator Lawrence
Ellsworth (Lawrence Schick) published by Pegasus Books in February
2018 from the 1956 French edition.
Ellsworth decided to translate the full trilogy of The d'Artagnan
Romances as well as the two novels of The Count of Moret for 21st
century readers in nine volumes, making it the first complete
translation in over a century and a half. As of 2025 all nine volumes
have been published.
Film
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*'The Three Musketeers' (1921), a silent film adaptation starring
Douglas Fairbanks.
*'The Three Musketeers' (1939), a musical comedy adaptation starring
Don Ameche and The Ritz Brothers.
*'The Three Musketeers' (1948), a 1948 adaptation starring Van Heflin,
Lana Turner, June Allyson, Angela Lansbury, Vincent Price, and Gene
Kelly.
*'The Three Musketeers' (1973) and 'The Four Musketeers' (1974), a
two-part adaptation directed by Richard Lester, starring Oliver Reed,
Frank Finlay, Richard Chamberlain and Michael York.
*'D'Artagnan and Three Musketeers' (1978), a popular Soviet musical
featuring Mikhail Boyarsky
*'The Three Musketeers' (1993), a 1993 Disney adaptation starring
Charlie Sheen, Kiefer Sutherland, Oliver Platt and Chris O'Donnell.
*'The Musketeer', a 2001 film.
*Three Musketeers (2004 musical), a musical adaptation in which
Volodymyr Zelenskyy played d'Artagnan, and the three musketeers were
gender-flipped to be women
*'The Three Musketeers' (2011), directed by Paul W. S. Anderson and
starring Luke Evans, Ray Stevenson and Milla Jovovich.
*'The Three Musketeers: D'Artagnan' and 'The Three Musketeers:
Milady', a 2023 two-part French adventure film saga starring François
Civil, Vincent Cassel, Pio Marmaï, Romain Duris and Eva Green
Television
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The novel has also been adapted for television in live action and
animation.
Live action
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The BBC has adapted the novel on three occasions:
*'The Three Musketeers', a 1954 BBC adaptation in six 30-minute
episodes, starring Laurence Payne, Roger Delgado, Paul Whitsun-Jones
and Paul Hansard
*'The Three Musketeers', a 1966 BBC adaptation in ten 25-minute
episodes, directed by Peter Hammond and starring Jeremy Brett, Jeremy
Young and Brian Blessed
* 'The Musketeers', a 2014 series by Adrian Hodges, is the newest BBC
adaptation starring Tom Burke, Santiago Cabrera, Howard Charles and
Luke Pasqualino as the titular musketeers.
'La Femme Musketeer' is a derivative 2004 television movie by the
Hallmark Channel, focusing on the daughter of the renamed Jacques
d’Artagnan (Michael York), also starring Gérard Depardieu.
'Young Blades' is an American/Canadian television series that aired on
PAX in 2005. The series serves as a sequel to the novels, centered on
the son of d'Artagnan, played by Tobias Mehler.
A series adapted for Korean history aired in 2014.
Animation
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Walt Disney Productions produced a Silly Symphony cartoon in 1936
called, 'Three Blind Mouseketeers', which is loosely based on both the
novel and the nursery rhyme "Three Blind Mice", in which the
characters are depicted as anthropomorphic animals.
A two-part adaptation aired on 'The Famous Adventures of Mr. Magoo',
with Magoo portraying D'Artagnan.
'The Three Musketeers' was a series of animated shorts produced by
Hanna-Barbera as part of 'The Banana Splits Comedy-Adventure Hour' and
'The Banana Splits & Friends' show.
'The Three Musketeers' was a Hanna-Barbera animated special from 1973.
It was part of the 1970s-80s CBS anthology series 'Famous Classic
Tales' that was produced by Hanna-Barbera's Australian division and
often aired around the holidays between Thanksgiving and New Year's
Day.
'Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds' is a 1981 Spanish-Japanese anime
adaptation, where the characters are anthropomorphic dogs. A sequel,
'The Return of Dogtanian', was released in 1989 by BRB Internacional,
Thames Television and Wang Film Productions. Set 10 years after the
original, it is loosely based on the novel 'The Vicomte de
Bragelonne'. A key difference between the two 'Dogtanian' adaptions
and Dumas' novel is that the character traits of Athos and Porthos
were interchanged, making Athos the extrovert and Porthos the
secretive noble of the group.
In 1989, Gakken produced a new anime adaptation called 'The Three
Musketeers Anime', this time with human characters, which features
several departures from the original.
'Albert the Fifth Musketeer' is a 1994 French-British animated series
featuring a new musketeer, the titular Albert.
'Mickey, Donald, Goofy: The Three Musketeers', a direct-to-video
animated movie produced by Walt Disney Pictures and the Australian
office of DisneyToon Studios, directed by Donovan Cook and released on
17 August 2004.
'The Backyardigans' had a 2009 episode in its third season by the name
of 'The Two Musketeers'; a third musketeer joins by the end of the
episode.
A Barbie adaptation of the tale by the name of 'Barbie and the Three
Musketeers' was released in 2009.
A new CGI children's animated series 'The 3 Musketeers' will be focus
on a female-lead version rather than the regular male lead which will
be produced by Mediawan's French animation company Method Animation
and Italian production company Palomar. Mediawan previously produced
the live action two-part film saga under their film production company
Chapter 2.
Stage
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The first stage production was in Dumas' own lifetime as the opera
'Les Trois Mousquetaires' with a libretto by Dumas himself and music
by Albert Visetti.
An 1898 play, by Henry Hamilton, opened as 'The Three Musketeers' at
the Theatre Metropole, Camberwell, England, on 12 September 1898.
Renamed 'The King's Musketeer', it was mounted at the Knickerbocker
Theatre in New York on 22 February 1899.
'The Three Musketeers' is a musical with a book by William Anthony
McGuire, lyrics by Clifford Grey and P. G. Wodehouse, and music by
Rudolf Friml. The original 1928 production ran on Broadway for 318
performances. A 1984 revival ran for 15 previews and 9 performances.
The Stratford Festival has staged different theatrical productions of
playwright Peter Raby's adaptation of the novel:
* In 1968, Raby collaborated with composer Raymond Pannell on a
production at the Festival Theatre in 1968 directed by John Hirsch,
with Powys Thomas as Athos, James Blendick as Porthos, Christopher
Newton as Aramis and Douglas Rain as d'Artagnan.
* In 1988, a production was staged at the Festival Theatre with music
by Alan Laing and directed by Richard Ouzounian, with Colm Feore as
Athos, Stephen Russell as Porthos, Lorne Kennedy as Aramis and Geraint
Wyn Davies as d'Artagnan.
* In 2000, a production was staged at the Festival Theatre with music
by Berthold Carriere and directed by Richard Monette and Paul
Leishman, with Benedict Campbell as Athos, Thom Marriott as Porthos,
Andy Velasquez as Aramis and Timothy Askew as d'Artagnan.
* In 2013, a production was staged at the Festival Theatre with music
by Lesley Arden and directed by Miles Potter, with Graham Abbey as
Athos, Jonathan Goad as Porthos, Mike Shara as Aramis and Luke
Humphrey as d'Artagnan.
In 2003, a Dutch musical '3 Musketiers' with a book by André Breedland
and music & lyrics by Rob & Ferdi Bolland premiered, which
went on to open in Germany (both the Dutch and German production
starring Pia Douwes as Milady De Winter) and Hungary.
Playwright Peter Raby, composer George Stiles and lyricist Paul Leigh
have written another adaptation titled 'The 3 Musketeers, One Musical
For All', originally produced by the now defunct American Musical
Theatre of San Jose.
In 2006, an adaptation by Ken Ludwig premiered at the Bristol Old Vic.
In this version, d'Artagnan's sister Sabine, "the quintessential
tomboy," poses as a young man and participates in her brother's
adventures.
In September 2016, a new French musical interpretation produced by
Nicole and Gilbert Coullier, Roberto Ciurleo, Eléonore de Galard and
NRJ Group entitled 'The Three Musketeers: One For All, All For One!'
toured until February 2017. Featuring contemporary music, it starred
Canadian pop singer Olivier Dion as d'Artagnan, French pop singer and
stage actor Damien Sargue as Aramis, French dancer and choreographer
Brahim Zaibat as Athos (also part of the artistic direction), and
French actor David Bàn as Porthos.
In 2018, The Dukes performed an outdoor promenade production in
Williamson Park, Lancaster, adapted by Hattie Naylor: in this version
d'Artagnan was a young woman aspiring to be a musketeer.
Video games and board games
=============================
In 1995, publisher U.S. Gold released 'Touché: The Adventures of the
Fifth Musketeer' by video game developers Clipper Software, a classic
point-and-click adventure game. In 2005, Swedish developer Legendo
Entertainment published the side-scrolling platform game 'The Three
Musketeers' for Windows XP and Windows Vista. In July 2009, a version
of the game was released for WiiWare in North America and Europe under
the title 'The Three Musketeers: One for All!'. In 2009, Canadian
developer Dingo Games self-published 'The Three Musketeers: The Game'
for Windows and Mac OS X. It is the first game to be truly based on
the novel (in that it closely follows the novel's story). 2009 also
saw the publication of the asymmetric team board game 'The Three
Musketeers "The Queen's Pendants"' ('Настольная игра "Три мушкетера"')
from French designer Pascal Bernard by the Russian publisher Zvezda.
In 2010, a co-operative game called "Mousquetaires du Roy" was
released by Ystari and Rio Grande. The alternative spelling of "Roy"
was taken from the old French and is rumoured to be preferred over the
regular spelling because the publishers desire to have a letter "Y" in
the name of the games they publish. Designed by François Combe and
Gilles Lehmann for 1-5 players, the medium heavy game depicts the
quest to retrieve the Queen's diamonds, while at the same time fending
off disasters back in Paris. A sixth player expansion, called
"Treville" was also made available in 2010.
In 2010, Anuman Interactive launched 'The Three Musketeers', a hidden
object game on PC and MAC. Players follow d'Artagnan in his quest to
become a king's musketeer.
Web series
============
In 2016, KindaTV launched a web series based on the story of 'The
Three Musketeers', called "All For One". It follows a group of college
students, mainly Dorothy Castlemore and is centred around a sorority-
Mu Sigma Theta (MST). The majority of characters have been
gender-swapped from the original story and most character names are
based on the original characters.
It covers several themes including the LGBT community, mental health,
long-distance relationships and college life.
Audio
=======
A musical version with music by Rudolf Friml, book by William Anthony
McGuire, lyrics by Clifford Grey and directed by Alastair Scott
Johnston was broadcast on BBC Radio 2 on 21 March 1970.
An adaptation in twelve parts by Patrick Riddell was broadcast on the
BBC Light Programme 4 April-20 June 1946. The cast included Marius
Goring as d'Artagnan, Philip Cunningham as Athos, Howard
Marion-Crawford as Porthos, Allan McClelland as Aramis, Lucille Lisle
as Milady de Winter, Leon Quartermaine as Cardinal Richelieu and
Valentine Dyall as the Narrator.
In the early 1960s, United Artists Records released an audio
dramatization of the first half of 'The Three Musketeers' (UAC 11007)
(dealing with the affair of the Queen's Diamonds) as part of their
'Tale Spinners for Children' series, starring Robert Hardy as
d'Artagnan and John Wood as Cardinal Richelieu.
Michael York was the narrator for a 1982 Caedmon Records LP recording
(TC 1692) consisting of the first five chapters of the novel. Since
then, the novel has been released in audiobook format many times.
An adaptation in six parts by James Saunders directed by Martin
Jenkins was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 28 April-2 June 1994. The cast
included Jamie Glover as d'Artgagnan, Robert Glenister as Athos,
Timothy Spall as Porthos, Anton Lesser as Aramis, Imelda Staunton as
Milady de Winter, Michael Cochrane as the Duke of Buckingham and
Julian Glover as Cardinal Richelieu. This adaptation was rebroadcast
on BBC Radio 4 in 1995, on BBC Radio 7 in 2010 and on BBC Radio 4
Extra in 2014.
In September 2019, Amazon released 'The Three Musketeers: an Audible
Original Audio Drama', which follows the story of the book told from
Milady's perspective.
In April 2021, Durham University Audio Society began releasing the
first season of DUADS' The Three Musketeers. The show originally
aired on Durham University's student radio station, Purple Radio, and
went on to be nominated for and receive several local awards. The
show remains faithful to the events of the novel, but adds in several
adventures and touches on additional themes, including LGBT themes.
The first season covers the first arc of the book, the quest for the
Queen's diamond studs. A second and third season are in the works.
In May 2022, Radio Mirchi Kolkata station aired 'The Three Musketeers'
in Bangla version, translated by Rajarshee Gupta for Mirchi's Sunday
Suspense Programme. It was narrated by Deepanjan Ghosh. D'Artagnan was
voiced by actor Rwitobroto Mukherjee. Athos was voiced by Gaurav
Chakrabarty, Porthos by Agni, Aramis by Somak, King Louis XIII by
Sayak Aman and Cardinal Richelieu by Mir Afsar Ali.
Other
=======
Publisher Albert Lewis Kanter (1897-1973), created 'Classic Comics'
for Elliot Publishing Company in 1941 with its debut issues being 'The
Three Musketeers'. 'The Three Mouseketeers' was the title of two
series produced by DC Comics; the first series was a loose parody of
'The Three Musketeers'. It was also made into motion comics in the
Video Comic Book series.
In 1939, American author Tiffany Thayer published a book titled 'Three
Musketeers' (Thayer, 1939). This is a re-telling of the story in
Thayer's words, true to the original plot but told in a different
order and with different points of view and emphasis from the
original.
Fantasy novelist Steven Brust's Khaavren Romances series have all used
Dumas novels (particularly the D'Artagnan Romances) as their chief
inspiration, recasting the plots of those novels to fit within Brust's
established world of Dragaera. His 2020 novel 'The Baron of Magister
Valley' follows suit, using 'The Count of Monte Cristo' as a starting
point.
Sarah Hoyt's (nom de plume Sarah D'Almeida) Musketeers series begins
with 'Death of a Musketeer', a Mystery Book Club selection, and
includes four other titles from Berkley Prime Crime and Goldport
Press.
Tansy Rayner Roberts wrote 'Musketeer Space', a space opera retelling
of the original book in which almost all characters have a different
gender, as a weekly serialized novel from 2014 to 2016.
Literature
============
The American translator Lawrence Ellsworth is currently translating
'The d'Artagnan Romances' in its entirety, and he has also written a
2-volume novel called 'The Rose Knight's Crucifixion' that is a
parallel novel to 'The Three Musketeers', in which most of the
characters from 'The Three Musketeers' and Sir Percy Blakeney from the
'Laughing Cavalier' and 'The First Sir Percy' by Baroness Orczy
appear. The protagonist's physical appearance, however, is based on
Quasimodo from Victor Hugo's 'The Hunchback of Notre-Dame'.
In the book 'The Assault', 'The Three Musketeers' is quoted in the
prologue as the protagonist had the story read to him by Mr. Beumer, a
lawyer who later becomes senile and in morbidity.
In the manga 'My Hero Academia', the phrases "All for One" and "One
for All" are used to refer to two of the most powerful superpowers,
called Quirks, in the series.
Film and television
=====================
In 'Slumdog Millionaire', Jamal Malik's final question was to
correctly identify the name of the third musketeerwhich was Aramis.
Jamal did so and won twenty million rupees. This question proved vital
since Jamal only knew the names of the first two musketeers.
In the film 'Django Unchained', one of the slaves, owned by Calvin
Candie, is named D'Artagnan.
Video games
=============
In 'Pokémon Black and White', the Pokémon Cobalion, Terrakion and
Virizion, known as the Swords of Justice, are based on the Three
Musketeers. Cobalion represents Athos, Terrakion represents Porthos
and Virizion represents Aramis. The fourth Sword of Justice, Keldeo,
represents d'Artagnan.
Music
=======
The Smiths song "You've Got Everything Now" features the line: "I've
seen you smile, but I've never really heard you laugh" and is borrowed
from a narrative description of Athos:
Use as a cypher
======================================================================
* Eli Cohen, the Israeli spy who for several years infiltrated the
Syrian government until discovered by the Syrian intelligence and
executed, used for his communications with Israel a book cypher based
on a French-language copy of 'The Three Musketeers'. Another copy, in
the Mossad headquarters in Tel Aviv, was used to decode Cohen's
messages; that copy is now preserved in the Mossad's museum.
External links
======================================================================
*
*. Plain text format.
*[
https://archive.org/details/TheThreeMusketeers_201904 Listen to
'Take Spinners for Children: The Three Musketeers' on Internet
Archive].
*
*[
http://www.hoboes.com/html/FireBlade/Dumas/History/ History of
Dumas' Musketeers], shows links between the characters and actual
history.
*[
http://www.cadytech.com/dumas/liens.php Comprehensive collection of
Dumas links]
*[
https://archive.org/search.php?query=%22The%20Three%20Musketeers%22%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts
'The Three Musketeers']. Scanned public domain editions in PDF format
from Archive.org, some w/ illustrations, introductions and other
helpful material.
*[
https://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/moa-cgi?notisid=AFR7379-0008-16
"The Paris of 'The Three Musketeers'"], by E. H. Blashfield and E. W.
Blashfield. 'Scribner's Magazine', August 1890. Cornell University
Library.
*Cooper, Barbara T., "Alexandre Dumas, père", in 'Dictionary of
Literary Biography', Vol. 119: 'Nineteenth-Century French Fiction
Writers: Romanticism and Realism, 1800-1860', edited by Catharine
Savage Brosman, Gale Research, 1992, pp. 98-119.
*Hemmings, F. W. J., "Alexandre Dumas Père", in 'European Writers: The
Romantic Century', Vol. 6, edited by Jacques Barzun and George Stade,
Charles Scribner's Sons, 1985, pp. 719-43.
*Foote-Greenwell, Victoria, "The Life and Resurrection of Alexandre
Dumas", in 'Smithsonian', July 1996, p. 110.
*Thayer, Tiffany, 'Three Musketeers', New York: Citadel Press, 1939.
(On the hard cover, the title is printed as 'Tiffany Thayer's Three
Musketeers'.)
*[
http://www.cadytech.com/dumas/work.php?key=340 Discussion of the
work, bibliography and links]
*[
http://www.hoboes.com/html/FireBlade/Dumas/ Bibliography and
references for 'The Three Musketeers']
License
=========
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License URL:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Original Article:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers
