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=                       The_Passionate_Pilgrim                       =
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                            Introduction
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'The Passionate Pilgrim' (1598 or 1599) is an anthology of 21 poems
collected and published by William Jaggard that were attributed to "W.
Shakespeare" on the title page, only five of which are considered
authentically Shakespearean. These are two sonnets, later to be
published in the 1609 collection of 'Shakespeare's Sonnets', and three
poems extracted from the play 'Love's Labour's Lost'. Five were
attributed to other poets during his lifetime, and two were published
in other collections anonymously. While most critics disqualify the
rest as not Shakespearean on stylistic grounds, stylometric analysis
by Ward Elliott and Robert Valenza put two blocks of the poems (4, 6,
7 and 9, and 10, 12, 13 and 15) within Shakespeare's stylistic
boundaries. Jaggard later published an augmented edition with poems he
knew to be by Thomas Heywood.


                          Textual history
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'The Passionate Pilgrim' was first published in an octavo volume by
William Jaggard, probably in 1599 or possibly the year before, since
the printer, probably Thomas Judson, had set up shop after September
1598. The date cannot be fixed with certainty, as the work was not
entered in the Stationers' Register and the title page of the first
edition title page is not extant. The last six poems are preceded by a
second title page, headed 'Sonnets to Sundry Notes of Musicke',
although the reason for the division is not clear.

The first edition survives only in two sheets, forming eleven leaves
comprising poems 1-5 and 16-18, preserved in a fragmentary composite
copy at the Folger Shakespeare Library, intermixed with sheets of the
second edition that were probably added to replace defective leaves.

In addition to the sheets incorporated into the Folger Library copy of
the first edition, two complete copies of the second edition dated
1599 survive, one in the Wren Library of Trinity College, Cambridge,
and the other in the Huntington Library. The title page of this
edition states that the book is to be sold by stationer William Leake,
who had obtained the rights to Shakespeare's 'Venus and Adonis' in
1596 and published five octavo editions of that poem (the third
edition through the eighth) between 1599 and 1602.

Jaggard issued an expanded edition of 'The Passionate Pilgrim' in
1612, containing additional poems on the theme of Helen of Troy,
announced on the title page ("Whereunto is newly added two Love
Epistles, the first from Paris to Hellen, and Hellen's answere back
again to Paris"). These were in fact taken from Thomas Heywood's
'Troia Britannica,' which Jaggard had published in 1609. Heywood
protested the "manifest injury done to me" in his 'Apology for Actors'
(1612), writing that Shakespeare too was "much offended" with Jaggard
for making "so bold with his name", a complaint that apparently led
Jaggard to revise the title page and remove Shakespeare's name. Two
copies of the third edition survive, one in the Folger Library with
the original title page, and the other in the Bodleian Library at the
University of Oxford with the cancel title page omitting Shakespeare's
name.

The poems in 'The Passionate Pilgrim' were reprinted in John Benson's
1640 edition of Shakespeare's 'Poems,' along with the 'Sonnets', 'A
Lover's Complaint,' 'The Phoenix and the Turtle,' and other pieces.
Thereafter the anthology was included in collections of Shakespeare's
poems, in Bernard Lintott's 1709 edition and subsequent editions.


                     Variants between editions
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Image:The Passionate Pilgrim.jpg|Title page of 'The Passionate
Pilgrim' O2 (1599)
Image:SuppTP PP02 1599.jpg|Secondary title page included within 'The
Passionate Pilgrim' O2 (1599)
Image:PP 18dbothEd.jpg|Comparison of 'PP' 18 beginning with the
seventh stanza. Left: O1, right: O2
Image:The Passionate Pilgrim 1612.jpg|Title page of 'The Passionate
Pilgrim' O3 (1612)
Image:The Passionate Pilgrim 1612 Revised.jpg|Revised title page of
'The Passionate Pilgrim' O3 (1612)
Image:The Passionate Pilgrim 1612 Sonnets.jpg|Secondary title page
included within 'The Passionate Pilgrim' O3 (1612)


                      The poems (1599 edition)
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!Number !Author !First line     !Notes
|1              William Shakespeare     |"When my love swears that she is made of
truth"          First publication, later appears as Sonnet 138 in
'Shakespeare's Sonnets'.
|2              William Shakespeare     |"Two loves I have, of comfort and despair"
First publication, later appears as Sonnet 144 in 'Shakespeare's
Sonnets'.
|3              William Shakespeare     |"Did not the heavenly rhetoric of thine eye"
A Version of Longaville's sonnet to Maria in 'Love's Labour's Lost'
4.3.58-71.
|4              Unknown |"Sweet Cytherea, sitting by a brook"           On the theme of
'Venus and Adonis', as is Shakespeare's narrative poem.
|5              William Shakespeare     |"If love make me forsworn, how shall I swear
to love?"               A version of Berowne's sonnet to Rosaline in 'Love's
Labour's Lost' 4.2.105-18.
|6              Unknown |"Scarce had the sun dried up the dewy morn"            On the
theme of Venus and Adonis, as is Shakespeare's narrative poem.
|7              Unknown |"Fair is my love, but not so fair as fickle"           In the
same six-line stanza format as 'Venus and Adonis'.
|8              Richard Barnfield       |"If music and sweet poetry agree"              First
published in 'Poems in Diverse Humours' (1598).
|9              Unknown |"Fair was the morn when the fair queen of love"                On the
theme of Venus and Adonis, as is Shakespeare's narrative poem.
|10             Unknown |"Sweet rose, fair flower, untimely pluck'd, soon vaded"
In the same six-line stanza format as 'Venus and Adonis'.
|11             Bartholomew Griffin     |"Venus, with young Adonis sitting by her"
Printed in 'Fidessa' (1596). On the theme of Venus and Adonis, as is
Shakespeare's narrative poem.
|12             Possibly Thomas Deloney |"Crabbed age and youth cannot live
together"               Was reprinted with additional stanzas in Thomas Deloney's
'The Garland of Good Will' entered into the Stationer's Register in
March 1593. Deloney died in 1600; he might be the author of 12, though
collections of his verse issued after his death contain poems by other
authors. Critic Hallett Smith has identified poem 12 as the one most
often favoured by readers as possibly Shakespearean, but goes on to
say that nothing supports the attribution. Elliot and Valenza,
however, say their modal analysis indicates that the poem tests as
"strikingly Shakespearean".
|13             Unknown |"Beauty is but a vain and doubtful good"               In the same
six-line stanza format as 'Venus and Adonis'.
|14             Unknown |"Good-night, good rest, ah, neither be my share"               In
the same six-line stanza format as 'Venus and Adonis'. Originally
published as two poems; some scholars, therefore, consider them as 14
and 15, adding 1 to all subsequent poem numbers.
|15     |Unknown        |"Lord how mine eyes throw gazes to the East"
|16             Unknown |"It was a lording's daughter, the fairest one of three"
First poem of the section titled "Sonnets to Sundry Notes of Music".
|17             William Shakespeare     |"On a day (alack the day)"             Dumaine's poem
to Catherine in 'Love's Labour's Lost' 4.3.99-118. Reprinted in
'England's Helicon' (1600).
|18             Unknown |"My flockes feed not, my ewes breed not"               First printed
in Thomas Weelkes' 'Madrigals to 3, 4, 5 and 6 Voices' (1597).
|19             Unknown |"When as thine eye hath chose the dame"                Three versions
of the poem exist in manuscript miscellanies.
|20             Christopher Marlowe & Sir Walter Raleigh    |"Live with me and
be my love"     An inferior text of Marlowe's poem "The Passionate
Shepherd to His Love" followed by the first stanza of Sir Walter
Raleigh's "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd"
|21             Richard Barnfield       |"As it fell upon a day"                First published in
'Poems in Divers Humors' (1598).


                              See also
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* Shakespeare Apocrypha


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