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=                       James_Harvey_Robinson                        =
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                            Introduction
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James Harvey Robinson (June 29, 1863 - February 16, 1936) was an
American scholar of history who, with Charles Austin Beard, founded
New History, a disciplinary approach that attempts to use history to
understand contemporary problems, which greatly broadened the scope of
historical scholarship in relation to the social sciences.


                             Biography
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Robinson was born in Bloomington, Illinois, to James Harvey Robinson
(1808-1874), a bank president, and Latricia Maria Drake (; 1821-1908).
After traveling to Europe in 1882 Robinson entered Harvard University
in 1884, earning his A.B. in 1887 and his M.A. in 1888. He continued
his studies at the University of Strasbourg and the University of
Freiburg and received his Ph.D. at Freiburg in 1890. In the summer of
1891, Robinson was appointed Lecturer of European history at what then
was called the Wharton School of Finance, University of Pennsylvania.
In 1895, he moved to Columbia University as a full professor, where he
mentored numerous students who went on to become influential leaders
in various fields, notably professorships around the United States.

Following some departures of faculty from Columbia over disputes of
academic freedom - departures that included his friend Charles A.
Beard - Robinson resigned from Columbia in May 1919 to become one of
the founders of the New School for Social Research and serve as its
first director.

Robinson died of a heart attack at his home in Manhattan. His body was
interred at Bloomington, Illinois, in the Robinson family plot at the
Evergreen Memorial Cemetery.


New History
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Through his writings and lectures, in which he stressed the "new
history"--the social, scientific, and intellectual progress of
humanity rather than merely political happenings, Robinson exerted an
important influence on the study and teaching of history.  An editor
(1892-1895) of the 'Annals of the American Academy of Political and
Social Science', he was also an associate editor (1912-1920) of the
'American Historical Review', and, in 1929, succeeded James H.
Breasted as President of the American Historical Association.


European history textbooks
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Robinson's 'An Introduction to the History of Western Europe' (1902,
followed by several editions) was "The first textbook on European
history which was reliable in scholarship, lively in tone, and
penetrating in its interpretations.  It revolutionized the teaching of
European history and put a whole generation of history students and
history teachers in debt to the author." (Harry Elmer Barnes)


''The Mind in the Making''
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Robinson's book, 'The Mind in the Making: The Relation of Intelligence
to Social Reform' (1921), was a bestseller, introducing a generation
of readers to the intellectual world of higher education. It argues
for freedom of thought as essential to progress. The book also
postulated that people usually substituted rationalizations for
reason.

The book and the New History movement itself was not without staunch
critics. Classical scholar and foe to progressive treatises of history
Paul Shorey (1857-1934), in a review of the book, declared:


''The Human Comedy''
======================
Robinson's last book 'The Human Comedy: As Devised and Directed by
Mankind Itself' (1937) contains his mature reflections on history
after a lifetime of study.

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                        Other selected works
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Books

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"The New History". .
"The History of History"
"The New Allies of History"
"Some Reflections on Intellectual History"
"History for the Common Man"
"The Fall of Rome"
"The Principles of 1789"
"The Conservative Spirit in the Light of History"
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* 'History of Europe: Ancient and Medieval' (with James Henry
Breasted), 1920 [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000483968 online
edition]
* 'History of Europe: Our Own Times: The Eighteenth and Eineteenth
Centuries: The Opening of the Twentieth Century and the World War '
(with Charles A. Beard). Boston: Ginn and Co., 1921
[http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000555391 online edition]
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{{Hanging indent |text={{cite journal |last1=Vol. 1, no. 1 |date=1894
|title=Early Reformation Period in England - Wolsey, Henry VIII, Sir
Thomas More and Hugh Latimer |url= |postscript=.E.P. Cheyney (ed.).
Retrieved July 20, 2021 - via Google Books → ( → ). }} }}
{{Hanging indent |text={{cite journal |last1=Vol. 1, no. 3 |date=1894
|title=Restoration and Reaction
|url=https://archive.org/details/translationsrepr01univiala/page/n51/mode/2up
|postscript=.J.H. Robinson (ed.). Retrieved July 20, 2021 - via
Internet Archive. → (). }} }}



{{Hanging indent |text={{cite journal |last1=Vol. 1, no. 5 |date=1894
|title=The French Revolution
|url=https://archive.org/details/translationsrepr01univiala/page/42/mode/2up|postscript=.J.H.
Robinson (ed.). Retrieved July 20, 2021 - via Internet Archive → ().
}} }}


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{{Hanging indent |text={{cite journal |last1=Vol. 2, no. 6 |date=1895
|title=The Period of the Early Reformation in Germany
|url=https://archive.org/details/periodofearlyref0206robi/page/n1/mode/2up
|postscript=.J.H. Robinson & Merrick Whitcomb (eds.). Retrieved
July 20, 2021 - via Internet Archive → ( → ) . }} . }}


{{Hanging indent |text=  }}
{{Hanging indent |text={{cite journal |last1=Vol. 5, no. 2 |date=1898
|title=Protests of the Cour Des Aides - April 10, 1775 |url=
|postscript=.J.H. Robinson (ed.). English translation by Grace Read
Robinson. Retrieved July 20, 2021 - via Google Books → ( → ). }} . }}


                  Reflections by other historians
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Historian Jay Green, in 1999, stated:


Jack Pole, an American history specialist from Britain, in 1972,
skeptically remarked:


                      Selected former students
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* James Thomson Shotwell (1874-1965)
* Francis William Coker (1878-1963)
* Edmund H. Oliver (1882-1935)
* Clara Woolie Mayer (1895-1988)
* Edgar Wallace Knight (1886-1953)
* Harry Elmer Barnes (1889-1968)
* Katharine DuPre Lumpkin (1897-1988)
* Preserved Smith, (1880-1941)


                               Family
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James Harvey Robinson - on September 1, 1887, in Bloomington, Illinois
- married Grace Woodville Read (; 1866-1927). They had no children.
Robinson was a brother of botanist Benjamin Lincoln Robinson
(1864-1935). By way of Robinson's wife's sister - Isabel Hamilton
"Delle" Read (; 1858-1923), the second wife of John Lewis (1842-1921)
- Robinson was an uncle to Read Lewis (1887-1984), a lawyer who, among
other things, in 1921 founded the Foreign Language Information Service
and in 1940 co-founded the literary magazine 'Common Ground.'


References
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News media


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Genealogical archives


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                          Further reading
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                           External links
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