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=                            Fanny_Parkes                            =
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                            Introduction
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Fanny Parkes or Parks (née Frances Susanna Archer) (1794-1875) was a
travel writer from Wales, known for her extensive journals about
colonial India, where she lived for 24 years. These are recorded in
her memoirs 'Wanderings of a Pilgrim in Search of the Picturesque'. in
which she acknowledged authorship only by a signature in Urdu script.
In 1970, extracts from her memoirs, 'Begums, Thugs and White Mughals',
became available for the first time since their original appearance in
1850. The first biography, by Barbara Eaton, 'Fanny Parks: Intrepid
Memsahib', appeared in 2018.


                       Early life and family
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Fanny Parkes was born Frances Susanna Archer in Conwy, Wales, the
daughter of Ann and Captain William Archer, 16th Lancers. On 25 March
1822 she married Charles Crawford Parks (17 November 1797 - 22 August
1856), a writer for the East India Companies.


                           Travel writing
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Fanny lived in India between 1822 and 1846, with a break in England
and Cape Town 1839-1844.

Parkes began living in Calcutta in 1822, before moving to Allahabad
ten years later due to her husband's posting. Parks wrote two volumes
on her time travelling through India on horseback and befriending
people around her, while learning Persian, Hindustani and Urdu. Her
detailed memoirs, written in a lively style, reveal independence of
mind. Parkes allows an affectionate pre-colonial perspective of
northern India and its peoples and customs, recording changes in
Britain's governing of India, the economic impact of such policies,
and domestic problems in Indian society. People she encountered
included wealthy socialites and famine-stricken residents of Kanauj,
seen on a trip over mountains from Landour to Simla. Parks' narrative
reflects admiration and respect for the richness of Indian culture. It
includes a glossary of terms and a collection of translated Indian
proverbs.

Some of Parkes's writings cover topics that were controversial at the
time. One of the extreme examples was the murder of a woman in sati by
those who felt that male heirs were more entitled to her possessions.
Parks condemned the event and went on to criticize the laws governing
married women in England. Parks also protested about a plan to sell
the Taj Mahal, which she compared to Westminster Abbey. Clashing with
the lack of respect for Indian culture commonly found in Europe, she
described natural beauty in Delhi and Benares, and fascinating dress
and cuisine. In one of her last entries, she described feeling
disenchanted with Europe after leaving India.

The memoirs were published as 'Wanderings of a Pilgrim in Search of
the Picturesque during four and twenty years in the East with
Revelations of Life in the Zenana' (Pelham Richardson, 1850). William
Dalrymple rediscovered and edited this travelogue as 'Begums, Thugs
& Englishmen. The Journals of Fanny Parkes' (Penguin Publishers).
Iris Portal referred to Parks as a "kindred spirit" because of her
curious writing style and the fact that her book expresses an
open-minded approach to Indian customs.

In 1851 she invested money, organised and wrote the catalogue of the
"Grand moving diorama of Hindostan, from Fort William, Bengal, to
Gangoutri in the Himalaya", which was displayed at the "Asiatic
Gallery, Baker Street Bazar, Portman Square. It was so popular that it
was also shown in Hull in 1853.


                            Bibliography
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*F. Parks, 'Wanderings of a pilgrim in search of the picturesque,
during four-and-twenty years in the East with revelations of life in
the zenana', 2 vols (London: Pelham Richardson, 1850)
*'Begums, Thugs & Englishmen, the journals of Fanny Parkes' ed.
William Dalrymple (London: Sickle Moon Books, 2002)
[https://www.amazon.com/Begums-Thugs-White-Mughals-Journals-ebook/dp/B00B9CO4R8
Kindle edition]
*Barbara Eaton: 'Fanny Parks: Intrepid Memsahib, A Biography of Fanny
Parks (1794-1875). An Independent Traveller in 19th Century India'
(UK: KDP Paperback and Kindle ebook )


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