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=             Encyclopaedia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition              =
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                            Introduction
======================================================================
The 'Encyclopædia Britannica' Eleventh Edition (1910-1911) is a
29-volume reference work, an edition of the 'Encyclopædia Britannica'.
It was developed during the encyclopaedia's transition from a British
to an American publication. Some of its articles were written by the
best-known scholars of the time. This edition of the encyclopaedia,
containing 40,000 entries, has entered the public domain and is
readily available on the Internet. Its use in modern scholarship and
as a reliable source has been deemed problematic due to the outdated
nature of some of its content. Nevertheless, the 11th edition has
retained considerable value as a time capsule of scientific and
historical information, as well as scholarly attitudes of the era
immediately preceding World War I.


                             Background
======================================================================
The 1911 eleventh edition was assembled with the management of
American publisher Horace Everett Hooper. Hugh Chisholm, who had
edited the previous edition, was appointed editor-in-chief, with
Walter Alison Phillips as his principal assistant editor.

Originally, Hooper bought the rights to the 25-volume 9th edition and
persuaded the British newspaper 'The Times' to issue its reprint, with
eleven additional volumes (35 volumes total) as the tenth edition,
which was published in 1902. Hooper's association with 'The Times'
ceased in 1909, and he negotiated with the Cambridge University Press
to publish the 29-volume eleventh edition. Though it is generally
perceived as a quintessentially British work, the eleventh edition had
substantial American influences, in not only the increased amount of
American and Canadian content, but also the efforts made to make it
more popular. American marketing methods also assisted sales. Some 14%
of the contributors (214 of 1507) were from North America, and a New
York office was established to coordinate their work.

The initials of the encyclopaedia's contributors appear at the end of
selected articles or at the end of a section in the case of longer
articles, such as that on China, and a key is given in each volume to
these initials.  Some articles were written by the best-known scholars
of the time, such as Edmund Gosse, J. B. Bury, Algernon Charles
Swinburne, John Muir, Peter Kropotkin, T. H. Huxley, James Hopwood
Jeans and William Michael Rossetti. Among the then lesser-known
contributors were some who would later become distinguished, such as
Ernest Rutherford and Bertrand Russell. Many articles were carried
over from the 9th edition, some with minimal updating. Some of the
book-length articles were divided into smaller parts for easier
reference, yet others were much abridged.  The best-known authors
generally contributed only a single article or part of an article.
Most of the work was done by journalists, British Museum scholars and
other scholars. The 1911 edition was the first edition of the
encyclopaedia to include more than just a handful of female
contributors, with 34 women contributing articles to the edition.
These included Adelaide Anderson, Gertrude Bell, Margaret Bryant,
Constance Jocelyn Ffoulkes, Harriette Lombard Hennessy, and Eleanor
Mildred Sidgwick.

The eleventh edition introduced a number of changes of the format of
the 'Britannica'. It was the first to be published complete, instead
of the previous method of volumes being released as they were ready.
The print type was kept in galley proofs and subject to continual
updating until publication. It was the first edition of 'Britannica'
to be issued with a comprehensive index volume in which was added a
categorical index, where like topics were listed. It was the first not
to include long treatise-length articles. Even though the overall
length of the work was about the same as that of its predecessor, the
number of articles had increased from 17,000 to 40,000. It was also
the first edition of 'Britannica' to include biographies of living
people. Sixteen maps of the famous 9th edition of 'Stielers Handatlas'
were exclusively translated to English, converted to imperial units,
printed in Gotha, Germany, by Justus Perthes and the maps became a
part of this edition. Later editions only included Perthes' maps as
low-quality reproductions.

According to Coleman and Simmons, the content of the encyclopaedia was
distributed as follows:

!Subject        !Content
|Geography      |align="right"|29%
|Pure and applied science       |align="right"|17%
|History        |align="right"|17%
|Literature     |align="right"|11%
|Fine art       |align="right"|9%
|Social science |align="right"|7%
|Psychology     |align="right"|1.7%
|Philosophy     |align="right"|0.8%

Hooper sold the rights to Sears, Roebuck and Company of Chicago in
1920, completing the 'Britannica's' transition to becoming a
substantially American publication. In 1922, an additional three
volumes (also edited by Hugh Chisholm) where published, covering the
events of the intervening years, including World War I. These,
together with a reprint of the eleventh edition, formed the twelfth
edition of the work. A similar thirteenth edition, consisting of three
volumes plus a reprint of the twelfth edition, was published in 1926.
The London editor was J.L. Garvin, as Chisholm had died. The twelfth
and thirteenth editions were closely related to the eleventh edition
and shared much of the same content. However, it became increasingly
apparent that a more thorough update of the work was required.

The fourteenth edition, published in 1929, was considerably revised,
with much text eliminated or abridged to make room for new topics.
Nevertheless, the eleventh edition was the basis of every later
version of the 'Encyclopædia Britannica' until the completely new
fifteenth edition was published in 1974, using modern information
presentation.

The eleventh edition's articles are still of value and interest to
modern readers and scholars, especially as a cultural artifact: the
British Empire was at its maximum, imperialism was largely
unchallenged, much of the world was still ruled by monarchs, and the
tumultuous world wars were still in the future. They are a resource
for topics omitted from modern encyclopaedias, particularly for
biography and the history of science and technology. As a literary
text, the encyclopaedia has value as an example of early 20th-century
prose. For example, it employs literary devices, such as pathetic
fallacy (attribution of human-like traits to impersonal forces or
inanimate objects), which are not as common in modern reference texts.


                              Reviews
======================================================================
In 1917, using the pseudonym of S. S. Van Dine, the US art critic and
author Willard Huntington Wright published 'Misinforming a Nation', a
200+ page criticism of inaccuracies and biases of the 'Encyclopædia
Britannica' eleventh edition. Wright claimed that 'Britannica' was
"characterized by misstatements, inexcusable omissions, rabid and
patriotic prejudices, personal animosities, blatant errors of fact,
scholastic ignorance, gross neglect of non-British culture, an
astounding egotism, and an undisguised contempt for American
progress".

Amos Urban Shirk, known for having read the eleventh and fourteenth
editions in their entirety, said he found the fourteenth edition to be
a "big improvement" over the eleventh, stating that "most of the
material had been completely rewritten".

Robert Collison, in 'Encyclopaedias: Their History Throughout The
Ages' (1966), wrote of the eleventh edition that it "was probably the
finest edition of the 'Britannica' ever issued, and it ranks with the
and the 'Espasa' as one of the three greatest encyclopaedias. It was
the last edition to be produced almost in its entirety in Britain, and
its position in time as a summary of the world's knowledge just before
the outbreak of World War I is particularly valuable".

Sir Kenneth Clark, in 'Another Part of the Wood' (1974), wrote of the
eleventh edition, "One leaps from one subject to another, fascinated
as much by the play of mind and the idiosyncrasies of their authors as
by the facts and dates. It must be the last encyclopaedia in the
tradition of Diderot which assumes that information can be made
memorable only when it is slightly coloured by prejudice. When T. S.
Eliot wrote 'Soul curled up on the window seat reading the
'Encyclopædia Britannica',' he was certainly thinking of the eleventh
edition." (Clark refers to Eliot's 1929 poem "Animula".) It was one of
Jorge Luis Borges's favourite works, and was a source of information
and enjoyment for his entire working life.

In 1912, mathematician L. C. Karpinski criticised the eleventh edition
for inaccuracies in articles on the history of mathematics, none of
which had been written by specialists.

English writer and former priest Joseph McCabe claimed in 'Lies and
Fallacies of the Encyclopædia Britannica' (1947) that 'Britannica' was
censored under pressure from the Roman Catholic Church after the 11th
edition. Initially, the eleventh edition received criticism from
members of the Roman Catholic Church, who accused it of
misrepresenting and being biased against Catholics. The most
"vociferous" American Catholic critics of the eleventh edition were
editors of the Christian magazine 'America'.

Authorities ranging from Virginia Woolf to professors criticised the
11th edition for having bourgeois and old-fashioned opinions on art,
literature, and social sciences. A contemporary Cornell professor,
Edward B. Titchener, wrote in 1912, "the new 'Britannica' does not
reproduce the psychological atmosphere of its day and generation...
Despite the halo of authority, and despite the scrutiny of the staff,
the great bulk of the secondary articles in general psychology ... are
not adapted to the requirements of the intelligent reader".

In an April 2012 article, Nate Pederson of 'The Guardian' said that
the eleventh edition represented "a peak of colonial optimism before
the slaughter of war" and that the edition "has acquired an almost
mythic reputation among collectors".

Critics have charged several editions with racism, sexism, and
antisemitism. The eleventh edition characterises the Ku Klux Klan as
protecting the white race and restoring order to the American South
after the American Civil War, citing the need to "control the negro",
and "the frequent occurrence of the crime of rape by negro men upon
white women". Similarly, the "Civilization" article argues for
eugenics, stating that it is irrational to "propagate low orders of
intelligence, to feed the ranks of paupers, defectives and criminals
... which to-day constitute so threatening an obstacle to racial
progress". The eleventh edition has no biography of Marie Curie,
despite her winning the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and the Nobel
Prize in Chemistry in 1911, although she is mentioned briefly under
the biography of her husband Pierre Curie. The 'Britannica' employed a
large female editorial staff who wrote hundreds of articles for which
they were not given credit.


                           Public domain
======================================================================
The 1911 edition is no longer restricted by copyright, and it is
therefore freely available in several more modern forms. While it may
once have been a reliable description of the academic consensus of its
time, many modern readers find fault with the 'Encyclopedia' for
several major errors, ethnocentric and racist remarks, and other
issues:

* Contemporary opinions of race and ethnicity are included in the
'Encyclopædia's' articles. For example, the entry for "Negro" states,
"Mentally the negro is inferior to the white... the arrest or even
deterioration of mental development [after adolescence] is no doubt
very largely  after puberty sexual matters take the first place in the
negro's life and thoughts." The article about the American
Revolutionary War attributes the success of the United States in part
to "a population mainly of good English blood and instincts".
* Many articles are now outdated factually, in particular those
concerning science, technology, international and municipal law, and
medicine. For example, the article on the vitamin deficiency disease
beriberi speculates that it is caused by a fungus, vitamins not having
been discovered at the time.
* Even where the facts might still be accurate, new information,
theories and perspectives developed since 1911 have substantially
changed the way the same facts might be interpreted. For example, the
modern interpretation of the history of the Visigoths is now very
different from that of 1911; readers of the eleventh edition who want
to know about the social customs and political life of the tribe and
its warriors are told to look up the entry for their king, Alaric I.

The eleventh edition of 'Encyclopædia Britannica' has become a
commonly quoted source, both because of the reputation of the
'Britannica' and because it is now in the public domain and has been
made available on the Internet. It has been used as a source by many
modern projects, including Wikipedia and the 'Project Gutenberg
Encyclopedia'.


                 ''Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia''
======================================================================
The 'Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia' is the eleventh edition of the
'Encyclopædia Britannica', renamed to address Britannica's trademark
concerns. Project Gutenberg's offerings are summarized below in the
External links section and include text and graphics. , Distributed
Proofreaders are working on producing a complete electronic edition of
the 1911 'Encyclopædia Britannica'.


                              See also
======================================================================
* 'Catholic Encyclopedia'
* 'New American Cyclopedia'


                          Further reading
======================================================================
* Boyles, Denis. 'Everything Explained That Is Explainable: On the
Creation of the Encyclopaedia Britannica's Celebrated Eleventh
Edition, 1910-1911' (2016), ,
[https://www.wsj.com/articles/wisdom-on-the-installment-plan-1466191897
online review]
*


Free, public-domain sources for 1911 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' text
=======================================================================
* via [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007910230 HathiTrust]
* :s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Prefatory Note to the 'Encyclopædia
Britannica' 11th ed. dated Cambridge November 1, 1910: with separate
volumes below in several formats on the Internet Archive:

colspan="4" | [https://archive.org/details/texts Internet Archive -
Text Archives] Individual Volumes
Volume !!  'From' !! 'To'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri01chisrich Volume 1]
'A'      'Androphagi'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri02chisrich Volume 2]
'Andros, Sir Edmund'     'Austria'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabrit03chisrich Volume 3]
'Austria, Lower'         'Bisectrix'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri04chisrich Volume 4]
'Bishārīn'     'Calgary'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabrit05chisrich Volume 5]
'Calhoun, John Caldwell'         'Chatelaine'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabrit06chisrich Volume 6]
'Châtelet'      'Constantine'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabrit07chisrich Volume 7]
'Constantine Pavlovich'          'Demidov'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabrit08chisrich Volume 8]
'Demijohn'       'Edward the Black Prince'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabrit09chisrich Volume 9]
'Edwardes, Sir Herbert Benjamin'         'Evangelical Association'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri10chisrich Volume 10]
'Evangelical Church Conference'          'Francis Joseph I'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabrit11chisrich Volume 11]
'Franciscans'    'Gibson, William Hamilton'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabrit12chisrich Volume 12]
'Gichtel, Johann Georg'          'Harmonium'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabrit13chisrich Volume 13]
'Harmony'        'Hurstmonceaux'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri14chisrich Volume 14]
'Husband'        'Italic'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri15chisrich Volume 15]
'Italy'          'Kyshtym'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri16chisrich Volume 16]
'L'      'Lord Advocate'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri17chisrich Volume 17]
'Lord Chamberlain'       'Mecklenburg'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri18chisrich Volume 18]
'Medal'          'Mumps'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri19chisrich Volume 19]
'Mun, Adrien Albert Marie de'    'Oddfellows, Order of'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiabri20chis Volume 20]    'Ode'
'Payment of members'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri21chisrich Volume 21]
'Payn, James'    'Polka'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri22chisrich Volume 22]
'Poll'   'Reeves, John Sims'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri23chisrich Volume 23]
'Refectory'      'Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri24chisrich Volume 24]
'Sainte-Claire Deville, Étienne Henri'          'Shuttle'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri25chisrich Volume 25]
'Shuválov, Peter Andreivich'    'Subliminal self'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri26chisrich Volume 26]
'Submarine mines'        'Tom-Tom'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri27chisrich Volume 27]
'Tonalite'       'Vesuvius'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri28chisrich Volume 28]
'Vetch'          'Zymotic diseases'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri29chisrich Volume 29]
'Index'          'List of contributors'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri30chisrich Volume 1 of
1922 supp]       'Abbe'          'English History'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri31chisrich Volume 2 of
1922 supp]       'English Literature'    'Oyama, Iwao'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiabri32newyrich Volume 3 of
1922 supp]       'Pacific Ocean Islands'         'Zuloaga'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaedia-britannica-encyclopaedia-britannica.-3-encyclopaedia-britannica-inc.-1926/Encyclopaedia%20Britannica%20-%20Encyclopaedia%20Britannica.%201-Encyclopaedia%20Britannica%2C%20Inc.%20%281926%29/page/n1/mode/2up
Volume 1 of 1926 supp]   'Aaland Islands'        'Eye'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaedia-britannica-encyclopaedia-britannica.-3-encyclopaedia-britannica-inc.-1926/Encyclopaedia%20Britannica%20-%20Encyclopaedia%20Britannica.%202-Encyclopaedia%20Britannica%2C%20Inc.%20%281926%29/page/n1/mode/2up
Volume 2 of 1926 supp]   'Fabre'         'Oyama'
|[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaedia-britannica-encyclopaedia-britannica.-3-encyclopaedia-britannica-inc.-1926/Encyclopaedia%20Britannica%20-%20Encyclopaedia%20Britannica.%203-Encyclopaedia%20Britannica%2C%20Inc.%20%281926%29/
Volume 3 of 1926 supp]   'Pacific'       'Zuyder Zee'
|[https://archive.org/details/readersguidetoen00londuoft Reader's
Guide - 1913]
|[https://archive.org/details/britannicayearbo00chisuoft Year-Book -
1913]

* Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia:

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Sir Edmund'      -       'Anise'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/34018 Volume 2.2]:             'Anjar'         -
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/34047 Volume 2.3]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/34162 Volume 2.6]:             'Armour
Plates'  -       'Arundel, Earls of'
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Thomas'  -       'Athens'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/34312 Volume 2.8]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/27478 Volume 3.1]:             'Austria,
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/27479 Volume 3.2]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/27480 Volume 3.3]:             'Banks'         -
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/34533 Volume 3.5]:             'Bedlam'        -
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/34612 Volume 3.6]:             'Bent,
James'   -       'Bibirine'
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-        'Cape Colony'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33127 Volume 5.3]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33189 Volume 5.4]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33239 Volume 5.5]:             'Cat'   -
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33365 Volume 5.7]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/31329 Volume 6.2]:             'Chicago,
University of'   -       'Chiton'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/31447 Volume 6.3]:             'Chitral'
-        'Cincinnati'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/31641 Volume 6.4]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/31793 Volume 6.5]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/31855 Volume 6.6]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/31950 Volume 6.7]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32063 Volume 6.8]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30976 Volume 7.1]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30935 Volume 7.2]:
'Constantine Pavlovich'  -       'Convention'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32097 Volume 7.3]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32182 Volume 7.4]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32294 Volume 7.5]:             'Cosway'
-        'Coucy'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32423 Volume 7.6]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38622 Volume 7.7]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38709 Volume 7.8]:             'Cube'  -
'Daguerre, Louis'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38799 Volume 7.9]:             'Dagupan'
-        'David'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38892 Volume 7.10]:            'David,
St'      -       'Demidov'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30685 Volume 8.2]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30073 Volume 8.3]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32607 Volume 8.4]:
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32689 Volume 8.5]:             'Dinard'
-        'Dodsworth'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32758 Volume 8.6]:             'Dodwell'
-        'Drama'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32783 Volume 8.7]:             'Drama'
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/34751 Volume 8.8]:             'Dubner'
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[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/34992 Volume 8.10]:
'Echinoderma'    -       'Edward'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32860 Volume 9.1]:
'Edwardes'       -       'Ehrenbreitstein'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/35092 Volume 9.2]:             'Ehud'  -
|
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/35169 Volume 9.3]:
'Electrostatics'         -       'Engis'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32940 Volume 9.4]:             'England'
-        'English Finance'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/35236 Volume 9.5]:             'English
History'         -
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/35306 Volume 9.6]:             'English
Language'        -       'Epsom Salts'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/35398 Volume 9.7]:
'Equation'       -       'Ethics'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/35473 Volume 9.8]:
'Ethiopia'       -       'Evangelical Association'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/36735 Volume 10.1]:
'Evangelical Church Conference'  -       'Fairbairn, Sir William'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/36452 Volume 10.2]:
'Fairbanks, Erastus'     -       'Fens'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/35561 Volume 10.3]:            'Fenton,
Edward'  -       'Finistère'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/35606 Volume 10.4]:
'Finland'        -       'Fleury, Andre'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/35747 Volume 10.5]:            'Fleury,
Claude'  -       'Foraker, Joseph Henson'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/35925 Volume 10.6]:
'Foraminifera'   -       'Fox, Edward'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/36104 Volume 10.7]:            'Fox,
George'  -       'France[p.775-p.894]'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/36226 Volume 10.8]:
'France[p.895-p.929]'    -       'Francis Joseph I.'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37806 Volume 11.1]:
'Franciscians'   -       'French Language'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37736 Volume 11.2]:            'French
Literature'      -       'Frost, William'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37064 Volume 11.3]:            'Frost'
-        'Fyzabad'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37160 Volume 11.4]:            'G'     -
'Gaskell, Elizabeth'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37282 Volume 11.5]:
'Gassendi, Pierre'       -       'Geocentric'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37461 Volume 11.6]:
'Geodesy'        -       'Geometry'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37523 Volume 11.7]:
'Geoponici'      -       'Germany[p.804-p.840]'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37610 Volume 11.8]:
'Germany[p.841-p.901]'   -       'Gibson, William'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38539 Volume 12.1]:
'Gichtel, Johann'        -       'Glory'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37880 Volume 12.2]:            'Gloss'
-        'Gordon, Charles George'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37984 Volume 12.3]:            'Gordon,
Lord George'     -       'Grasses'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38143 Volume 12.4]:
'Grasshopper'    -       'Greek Language'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38202 Volume 12.5]:            'Greek
Law'     -       'Ground-Squirrel'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38304 Volume 12.6]:            'Groups,
Theory of'       -       'Gwyniad'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38401 Volume 12.7]:
'Gyantse'        -       'Hallel'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38454 Volume 12.8]:            'Haller,
Albrecht'        -       'Harmonium'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39632 Volume 13.1]:
'Harmony'        -       'Heanor'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39521 Volume 13.2]:
'Hearing'        -       'Helmond'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39435 Volume 13.3]:
'Helmont, Jean'  -       'Hernosand'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39353 Volume 13.4]:            'Hero'
-        'Hindu Chronology'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39232 Volume 13.5]:
'Hinduism'       -       'Home, Earls of'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39127 Volume 13.6]:            'Home,
Daniel'  -       'Hortensius, Quintus'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39029 Volume 13.7]:
'Horticulture'   -       'Hudson Bay'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38964 Volume 13.8]:            'Hudson
River'   -       'Hurstmonceaux'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40538 Volume 14.1]:
'Husband'        -       'Hydrolysis'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40370 Volume 14.2]:
'Hydromechanics'         -       'Ichnography'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40156 Volume 14.3]:
'Ichthyology'    -       'Independence'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40096 Volume 14.4]:
'Independence, Declaration of'   -       'Indo-European Languages'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40009 Volume 14.5]:            'Indole'
-        'Insanity'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39908 Volume 14.6]:
'Inscriptions'   -       'Ireland, William Henry'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39775 Volume 14.7]:
'Ireland'        -       'Isabey, Jean Baptiste'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39700 Volume 14.8]:
'Isabnormal Lines'       -       'Italic'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/41343 Volume 15.1]:            'Italy'
-        'Jacobite Church'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/41264 Volume 15.2]:
'Jacobites'      -       'Japan' (part)
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/41156 Volume 15.3]:            'Japan'
(part)   -       'Jeveros'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/41055 Volume 15.4]:            'Jevons,
Stanley'         -       'Joint'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40956 Volume 15.5]:            'Joints'
-        'Justinian I.'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40863 Volume 15.6]:
'Justinian II.'  -       'Kells'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40769 Volume 15.7]:            'Kelly,
Edward'  -       'Kite'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40641 Volume 15.8]:
'Kite-flying'    -       'Kyshtym'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/41902 Volume 16.1]:            'L'     -
'Lamellibranchia'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/41773 Volume 16.2]:
'Lamennais, Robert de'   -       'Latini, Brunetto'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/41685 Volume 16.3]:            'Latin
Language'        -       'Lefebvre, Pierre François Joseph'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42048 Volume 16.4]:
'Lefebvre, Tanneguy'     -       'Letronne, Jean Antoine'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/41567 Volume 16.5]:            'Letter'
-        'Lightfoot, John'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/41472 Volume 16.6]:
'Lightfoot, Joseph Barber'       -       'Liquidation'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42173 Volume 16.7]:            'Liquid
Gases'   -       'Logar'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42342 Volume 16.8]:
'Logarithm'      -       'Lord Advocate'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/43427 Volume 17.1]:            'Lord
Chamberlain'     -       'Luqmān'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/43254 Volume 17.2]:            'Luray
Cavern'  -       'Mackinac Island'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/43060 Volume 17.3]:
'McKinley, William'      -       'Magnetism, Terrestrial'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42854 Volume 17.4]:
'Magnetite'      -       'Malt'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42736 Volume 17.5]:            'Malta'
-        'Map, Walter'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42638 Volume 17.6]:            'Map'   -
'Mars'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42552 Volume 17.7]:            'Mars'
-        'Matteawan'
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42473 Volume 17.8]:            'Matter'
-        'Mecklenburg'
* [http://eb11.nrbook.com/index.html Flash reader (Empanel)]  with
full-page scans


Other sources for 1911 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' text
=========================================================
* [https://www.theodora.com/encyclopedia/ Encyclopedia Britannica
1911] theodora.com - unedited, html version, from scan/ocr of the
original text, with interactive alphabetical index, and Google
translation into Spanish, Chinese, French, German, Russian, Hindi,
Arabic and Portuguese.
* [https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/bri.html 1911 Encyclopedia
Britannica] StudyLight.org - "Containing 35,820 entries
cross-referenced and cross-linked to other resources on
StudyLight.org". "Copyright Statement[:] these [EB 1911] files are
public domain".
*
[https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/metabook?id=britannica11
'The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences,
Literature and General Information (11th edition)'] at the Online
Books Page of the University of Pennsylvania.
The preceding links adopt the spellings used in the target.


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