= Benedikte_Naubert =

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= Benedikte_Naubert =
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Introduction
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Benedikte Naubert (born Christiana Benedicta Hebenstreit; 13 September
1756 – 12 January 1819) was a German writer who anonymously published
more than 50 historical novels and is considered a pioneer of the
genre in the 1780s. Naubert wrote under the pseudonyms Verfasser des
Walther von Montbarry, Verfasser der Alme, Verfasserin des Walther von
Montbarry, and Fontanges. Today she is largely unknown, even in
Germany.

Biography
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She was born in Leipzig, the daughter of professor of medicine, Johann
Ernst Hebenstreit, who died in December 1757. From her step-brother, a
professor of theology, Naubert received a thorough education in
philosophy, history, Latin, and Greek. She also learned to play the
piano and harp and taught herself Italian, English, and French. She
began writing and published her first book in her mid-twenties,
'Heerfort und Klärchen', published anonymously. From there she wrote a
novel per year and often more. Several men were suspected to have
written Naubert's works. In 1797, at age 41, she married Lorenz
Holderieder, a merchant and estate owner in Naumberg, who died in
1800. Naubert then married Johann Georg Naubert. As she aged Naubert's
eyes and ears became weak, causing Naubert to write her last
publications through dictation. Against her will, in 1817 her identity
was revealed in an article in the 'Zeitung für die elegante Welt'. Her
next book, 'Rosalba' (1817), bore her true name for the first time.
She died in 1819 in Leipzig, where she had traveled for an eye
operation.

Literary-historical significance
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Naubert chose anonymity while publishing her works. Using only
pseudonyms, Naubert received high praise for her publications. The
'Allgemeiner Litterarischer Anzeiger' wrote on Naubert's anonymity,
saying "the writings of this anonym... belong without a doubt to the
better products of our literature". The public believed she was male
because of her in-depth knowledge of philosophy, history, and
classical languages. Körner wrote to Schiller about the anonymous
writer saying, "all these works appear to be from a man, and not a
mediocre one." However, after K. J. Schütz revealed her true identity,
the reviews changed. Her works without the veil of anonymity found
criticism with many reviewers who claimed she wrote in imitation "of
men she was like or presumably emulated." A monograph by Hilary Brown
on Naubert's study of and influence on English literature was
published in 2005.

Published works
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Benedikte Naubert's published works as cited by 'An Encyclopedia of
Continental Women Writers'.

Novels
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*'Heerfort und Klärchen; etwas für empfindsame Seelen' [Heerfort and
Clara, Something for Sentimental Souls], 2 vols., 1779
*'Geschichte Emmas, Tochter Karls des Groen, und seines
Geheimschreibers Eginhard' [The Story of Emma, Daughter of
Charlemagne, and His Scribe Eginhard], 2 vols., 1785
*'Die Ruinen' [The Ruins], 3 vols., 1786
*'Amalgunde, Königin von Italien; oder Das Märchen von der
Wunderquelle. Eine Sage aus den Zeiten Theodorichs des Groen'
[Amalgunde, Queen of Italy; or the Fairytale of the Miraculous Well. A
Tale from the Time of Theoderich the Great], vols., 1786
*'Walther von Montbarry, Gromeister der Tempelordens' [Walter de
Monbary, Grand Master of the Knights Templars], 2 vols., 1786; English
tr. 1803
*'Die Amtmännin von Hohenweiler: eine wirkliche Geschichte aus
Familienpapieren gezogen' [The Magistrate's Wife at Hohenweiler, a
True Story Drawn from Family Papers], 1787
*[https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sophiefiction/158/ 'Geschichte der
Gräfin Thekla von Thurn']; 'oder Scenen aus dem drayssigjährigen
Kriege' [The Story of Countess Thekla von Thurn, or Scenes from the
Thirty Years' War], 1788
*'Hermann von Unna; eine Geschichte aus den Zeiten der Vehmgerichte'
[Hermann of Unna, a Series of Adventures of the Fifteenth Century, in
Which the Proceedings of the Secret Tribunal...are delineated...],
1788; English tr. 1794
*'Konradin von Schwaben oder Geschichte des unglücklichen Enkels
Kaiser Friedrichs des Zweiten' [Conradin of Swabia, or the Story of
the Unhappy Grandson of Emperor Friedrich II], 1788
*'Elfriede, oder Opfer väterlicher Vorurtheile' [Elfriede, or the
Victim of a Father's Prejudices], 1788
*'Pauline Frankini oder Täuschung der Leidenschaft und Freuden der
Liebe' [Pauline Frankini or Delusion of Passion and Joys of Love],
1788
*[https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sophiefiction/599/ 'Elisabeth, Erbin
von Toggenburg: oder Geschichte der Frauen von Sargans in der
Schweiz'] [Elisabeth, Heiress of Toggenburg, or the Story of the Women
of Sargans in Switzerland], 1789
*'Emmy Reinolds; oder Thorheiten der Groen und Kleinen' [Emmy
Reinolds, or Follies of Great and Small], 1789
*'Hatto, Bischof von Mainz: eine Legende des zehnten Jahrhunderts'
[Hatto, Bishop of Mainz, a Legend of the Tenth Century], 1789
*'Alfons von Dülmen; oder Geschichte Kaiser Philipps und seiner
Tochter. Aus den ersten Zeiten der heimlichen Gerichte' [Alf von
Duelmen, or the History of the Emperor Philip, and His Daughters],
1790; English tr. 1794
*'Barbara Blomberg, Vorgebliche Maitresse Kaiser Karls des fünften.
Eine Originalgeschichte in zwei Theilen' [Barbara Blomberg, Alleged
Mistress of Emperor Charles IV, an Original Story in Two Parts], 1790
*'Brunilde, Eine Anekdote aus dem bürgerlichen Leben des dreizehnten
Jahrhunderts' [Brunilde, an Anecdote from Bourgeois Life of the 13th
Century], 1790
*'Geschichte des Lord Fitzherbert und seiner Freunde, oder die
verkannte Liebe' [Story of Lord Fitzherbert and His Friends, or
Misunderstood Love], 1790
*'Merkwürdige Begebenheiten der gräflichen Familie von Wallis'
[Remarkable Events of the Family of the Count of Wallis], 1790
*'Graf Adolf IV. aus Schauenburgischem Stamme' [Count Adolf IV of the
Clan of Schauenburg], 1791
*'Geschichte Heinrich Courtlands; oder, Selbstgeschafne Leiden'
[History of Heinrich Courtland, or Selfmade Sorrows], 1791
*'Edwy und Elgiva, oder die Wunder des heiligen Dunstan, eine
altenglische geschichte' [Edwy and Elgiva, or the Miracle of Saint
Dunstan, and Old English Story], 1791
*'Gebhard Truchse von Waldburg, Churfürst von Cöln, oder die
astrologischen Fürsten' [Gebhard Lord High Steward of Waldburg,
Elector of Cologne, or the Astrological Princes], 1791
*'Graf von Rosenberg, oder das enthüllte Verbrechen. Eine Geschichte
aus der letzten Zeit des dreyssigjährigen Kriegs' [Count von
Rosenberg, or the Discovered Crime, a Story from the Time of the
Thirty Years' War], 1791
*'Lord Heinrich Holland, Herzog von Exeter; oder Irre geleitete
Gromuth eine Begebenheit aus dem Mittelalter von England' [Lord Henry
Holland, Duke of Exeter, or Magnanimity Mislead, an Event from the
English Middle Ages], 1791
*'Marie Fürst, oder das Alpenmädchen' [Marie Fürst, or the Alps Girl],
1791
*'Philippe von Geldern; oder Geschichte Selims, des Sohns Amurat'
[Phillipe von Geldern, or the Story of Selim, Son of Amurat], 1792
*'Konrad und Siegfried von Fehtwangen, Gromeister des deutschen
Ordens' [Conrad and Siegfriend von Fehtwangen, Grand Masters of the
German Knights], 1792
*'Miss Luise Fox, oder Reise einer jungen Englanderin durch einige
Gegenden von Deutschland' [Miss Luise Fox, or Travels of a Young
Englishwomen Through Some parts of Germany], 1792
*'Ulrich Holzer, Bürgermeister in Wien' [Ulrich Holzer, Mayor of
Vienna], 1792
*'Lucinde; oder, Herrn Simon Godwins medicinische Leiden. Nach dem
Englischen' [Lucinde, or Mr. Simon Godwin's Medical Sufferings. From
the English], 1793
*'Heinrich von Plauen und seine Neffen, Ritter des deutschen Ordens.
Der wahren Geschichte getreu bearbeitet' [Heinrich von Plauen and His
Nephews, Knights of the German Order, Faithfully Told According to the
True Story], 1793
*'Walther von Stadion; oder Geschichte Herzog Leopolds von Öesterreich
und seiner Kriegsgefährten' [Walter von Stadion, or the Story of Duke
Leopold of Austria and His War Comrades], 1794
*'Sitten und Launen der Groen, Ein Cabinet von Familienbildern'
[Manners and Moods of the Great, a Cabinet of Family Scenes], 1794
*'Der Bund des armen Konrads, Getreue Schilderung einiger merkwürdiger
Auftritte aus den Zeiten der Bauernkriege des 16. Jahrhunderts' [Poor
Conrad's Alliance, True description of Some Remarkable Scenes from the
Time of the 16th-century Peasant Wars], 1795
*'Friedrich der Siegreiche, Churfürst von der Pfalz; der Marc Aurel
des Mittelalters. Frey nach der Geschichte bearbeitet' [Friedrich the
Victorious, Elector from the Pfalz, the Marcus Aurelius of the Middle
Ages, Freely Told According to History], 1795
*'Vellada; ein Zuberroman' [Vellada, a Novel of Magic], 1795
*'Joseph Mendez Pinto. Eine jüdische Geschichte' [Joseph Mendez Pinto,
a Jewish Story], 1802
*'Cornelie, oder die Geheimnisse des Grabes' [Cornelie or the Secrets
of the Grave], 1803
*'Eudoxia, Gemahlin Theodosius der Zweiten. Eine Geschichte des 5.
Jahrhunderts' [Eudoxia, Wife of Theodosius the Second, a Story from
the Fifth Century], 1805
*'Fontanges, oder das Schicksal der mutter und Tochter, eine
Geschichte aus den Zeiten Ludwigs XIV' [Fontanges, or the Fate of a
mother and Daughter, a Story from the Times of Lous XIV], 1805
*'Die Gräfin von Frondsberg, aus dem Hause Löwenstein, eine
vaterländische Geschichte aus den Zeiten des Mittelalters' [The
Countess of Frondsberg, from the House of Löwenstein, a National Story
from the Middle Ages], 1806
*'Heitere Träume in kleinen Erzählungen' [Cheerful Dreams in Little
Stories], 1806
*'Lioba und Zilia', 1806
*'Wanderungen der Phantasie in die Gebiete des Wahren' [Fantasy's
Wanderings in the Territories of the True], 1806
*'Attilas Schwert oder die Azimunterinnen' [Attila's Sword, or the
Azimunter Women], 1808
*'Elisabeth Lezkau oder die Bürgermeisterin' [Elisabeth Lezkau or the
Mayor's Wife], 1808
*'Alexis und Luise. Eine Badegeschichte' [Alexis and Luise, a Story at
Bath], 1810
*'Azaria. Eine Dichtung der Vorwelt' [Azaria, a Story of the Past],
1814
*'Rosalba', 1817
*'Turmalin und Lazerta', 1820 (posthumous)

Short story collections
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*'Neue Volksmärchen der Deutschen' [New Fairy Tales of the Germans],
1789-92
*'Alma; oder Ägyptische Mährchen' [Alma, or Egyptian Fairytales],
1793-97
*'Der kurze Mantel, und Ottilie; zwei Volksmärchen' [The Short Cloak,
and Ottilia, Two Fairytales], 1819 (posthumous)

English translations
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* Translations of :
** 'Heerfort and Clara' (1789) by John Poulin
* Translations of :
** 'Alf von Deulmen' (1794) by A. E. Booth
* Translations of :
** 'Herman of Unna' (1794)
** 'The Secret Tribunal' (1795) a play by James Boaden
** 'The Secret Tribunal; or, The Court of Winceslaus' (1803)
* Translations of :
** 'Lindorf and Caroline, or The Danger of Credulity' (1803) by Mary
Julia Young
* Translations of :
** 'Walter de Monbary, Grand Master of the Knights Templars' (1803)
* Translations of :
** 'Feudal Tyrants; or, The Counts of Carlsheim and Sargans' (1806) by
Matthew Gregory Lewis
* Translations from (1789-92):
** "The Hoard of the Nibelungen" (1823) in 'Popular Tales and Romances
of the Northern Nations'
** "The Erl-King's Daughter" (1823) in 'Popular Tales and Romances of
the Northern Nations'
** "The Mantle" (1826) by George Soane
** "The Cloak" (1990) by George Soane/Jeannine Blackwell
* Translations of :
** "Boadicea and Velleda" (2001) by Jeannine Blackwell

External links
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*[https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/do/search/?q=Benedikte%20Naubert&start=0&context=8739942&facet=
A selection of works by Naubert] from the Sophie database

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Original Article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikte_Naubert