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= Alexandre_Dumas =
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Introduction
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Alexandre Dumas (born Alexandre Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie, 24 July
1802 - 5 December 1870), also known as Alexandre Dumas , was a French
novelist and playwright.
His works have been translated into many languages and he is one of
the most widely read French authors. Many of his historical novels of
adventure were originally published as serials, including 'The Count
of Monte Cristo', 'The Three Musketeers', 'Twenty Years After' and
'The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later'. Since the early 20th
century, his novels have been adapted into nearly 200 films. Prolific
in several genres, Dumas began his career by writing plays, which were
successfully produced from the first. He wrote numerous magazine
articles and travel books; his published works totalled 100,000 pages.
In the 1840s, Dumas founded the Théâtre Historique in Paris.
His father, General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie, was
born in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti) to
Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie, a French nobleman, and
Marie-Cessette Dumas, an African slave. At age 14, Thomas-Alexandre
was taken by his father to France, where he was educated in a military
academy and entered the military for what became an illustrious
career.
Alexandre acquired work with Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans, then as
a writer, a career that led to his early success. Decades later, after
the election of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte in 1851, Dumas fell from
favour and left France for Belgium, where he stayed for several years.
He moved to Russia for a few years and then to Italy. In 1861, he
founded and published the newspaper 'L'Indépendent', which supported
Italian unification. He returned to Paris in 1864.
English playwright Watts Phillips, who knew Dumas in his later life,
described him as "the most generous, large-hearted being in the world.
He also was the most delightfully amusing and egotistical creature on
the face of the earth. His tongue was like a windmill - once set in
motion, you would never know when he would stop, especially if the
theme was himself."
Birth and family
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Alexandre Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie (later known as Alexandre
Dumas) was born in 1802 in Villers-Cotterêts in the department of
Aisne, in Picardy, France. He had two older sisters, Marie-Alexandrine
(born 1794) and Louise-Alexandrine (1796-1797). Their parents were
Marie-Louise Élisabeth Labouret, the daughter of an innkeeper, and
Thomas-Alexandre Dumas.
Thomas-Alexandre had been born in the French colony of Saint-Domingue
(now Haiti), the mixed-race, natural son of the marquis Alexandre
Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie (Antoine), a French nobleman and
'général commissaire' in the artillery of the colony, and
Marie-Cessette Dumas, an enslaved woman of Afro-Caribbean ancestry.
The two extant primary documents that state a racial identity for
Marie-Cessette Dumas refer to her as a "négresse" (a black woman) as
opposed to a "mulâtresse" (a woman of visible mixed race). It is
unknown whether Marie-Cessette was born in Saint-Domingue or in
Africa, nor is it known from which African people she had
ancestry.[
http://marianne2.fr/-Le-metissage-rentre-au-Pantheon-_a40493.html
"Le métissage rentre au Panthéon"].
What is known is that, sometime after becoming estranged from his
brothers, Antoine purchased Marie-Cessette and her daughter from a
previous relationship for "an exorbitant amount" and made
Marie-Cessette his concubine. Thomas-Alexandre was the only son born
to them, but they had two or three daughters.
In 1775, following the death of both his brothers, Antoine left
Saint-Domingue for France in order to claim the family estates and the
title of Marquis. Shortly before his departure, he sold Marie-Cessette
and their two daughters (Adolphe and Jeanette), as well as
Marie-Cessette's oldest daughter Marie-Rose (whose father was a
different man) to a baron who had recently come from Nantes to settle
in Saint Domingue. Antoine however retained ownership of
Thomas-Alexandre (his only natural son) and took the boy with him to
France. There, Thomas-Alexandre received his freedom and a sparse
education at a military school, adequate to enable him to join the
French army, there being no question of the mixed-race boy being
accepted as his father's heir. Thomas-Alexandre did well in the Army
and was promoted to general by the age of 31, the first soldier of
Afro-Antilles origin to reach that rank in the French army.
The family surname ("de la Pailleterie") was never bestowed upon
Thomas-Alexandre, who therefore used "Dumas" as his surname. This is
often assumed to have been his mother's surname, but in fact, the
surname "Dumas" occurs only once in connection with Marie-Cessette,
and that happens in Europe, when Thomas-Alexandre states, while
applying for a marriage licence, that his mother's name was
"Marie-Cessette Dumas". Some scholars have suggested that
Thomas-Alexandre devised the surname "Dumas" for himself when he felt
the need for one, and that he attributed it to his mother when
convenient. "Dumas" means "of the farm" ('du mas'), perhaps signifying
only that Marie-Cessette belonged to the farm property.
Career
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While working for Louis-Philippe, Alexandre Dumas began writing
articles for magazines and plays for the theatre. As an adult, he used
the surname of Dumas, as his father had done as an adult. His first
play, 'Henry III and His Court', produced in 1829 when he was 27 years
old, met with acclaim. His second play, 'Christine', was equally
popular the next year. These successes gave him sufficient income to
write full-time.
In 1830, Dumas participated in the Revolution that ousted Charles X
and replaced him with Dumas's former employer, the Duke of Orléans,
who ruled as Louis-Philippe, the Citizen King. Until the mid-1830s,
life in France remained unsettled, with sporadic riots by disgruntled
Republicans and impoverished urban workers seeking change. As life
slowly returned to normal, the nation began to industrialize. An
improving economy combined with the end of press censorship made the
times rewarding for Alexandre Dumas's literary skills.
After writing additional successful plays, Dumas switched to writing
novels. Although attracted to an extravagant lifestyle and always
spending more than he earned, Dumas proved to be an astute marketing
strategist and writer. As newspapers were publishing many serial
novels, he began producing these. His first serial novel was 'La
Comtesse de Salisbury'; 'Édouard III' (July-September 1836). In 1838,
Dumas rewrote one of his plays as a successful serial historical
novel, 'Le Capitaine Paul' ('Captain Paul'), partly based on the life
of the Scottish-American naval officer John Paul Jones.
He founded a production studio, staffed with writers who turned out
hundreds of stories, all subject to his personal direction, editing,
and additions. From 1839 to 1841, Dumas, with the assistance of
several friends, compiled 'Celebrated Crimes', an eight-volume
collection of essays on famous criminals and crimes from European
history. He featured Beatrice Cenci, Martin Guerre, Cesare and
Lucrezia Borgia, as well as more recent events and criminals,
including the cases of the alleged murderers Karl Ludwig Sand and
Antoine François Desrues, who were executed. Dumas collaborated with
Augustin Grisier, his fencing master, in his 1840 novel, 'The Fencing
Master'. The story is written as Grisier's account of how he came to
witness the events of the Decembrist revolt in Russia. The novel was
eventually banned in Russia by Czar Nicholas I, and Dumas was
prohibited from visiting the country until after the Czar's death.
Dumas refers to Grisier with great respect in 'The Count of Monte
Cristo', 'The Corsican Brothers', and in his memoirs.
Dumas depended on numerous assistants and collaborators, of whom
Auguste Maquet was the best known. It was not until the late twentieth
century that his role was fully understood. Dumas wrote the short
novel 'Georges' (1843), which uses ideas and plots later repeated in
'The Count of Monte Cristo'. Maquet took Dumas to court to get
authorial recognition and a higher payment rate for his work. He was
successful in getting more money, but not a by-line.
Dumas's novels were so popular that they were soon translated into
English and other languages. His writing earned him a great deal of
money, but he was frequently insolvent, as he spent lavishly on women
and sumptuous living. (Scholars have found that he had a total of 40
mistresses.) In 1846, he had built a country house outside Paris at Le
Port-Marly, the large Château de Monte-Cristo, with an additional
building for his writing studio. It often was filled with strangers
and acquaintances who stayed for lengthy visits and took advantage of
his generosity. Two years later, faced with financial difficulties, he
sold the entire property.
Dumas wrote in a wide variety of genres and published a total of
100,000 pages in his lifetime. He made use of his experience, writing
travel books after taking journeys, including those motivated by
reasons other than pleasure. Dumas travelled to Spain, Italy, Germany,
England and French Algeria. After King Louis-Philippe was ousted in a
revolt, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte was elected president. As Bonaparte
disapproved of the author, Dumas fled in 1851 to Brussels, Belgium,
which was also an effort to escape his creditors. In about 1859, he
moved to Russia, where French was the second language of the elite and
his writings were enormously popular. Dumas spent two years in Russia
and visited St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, Astrakhan, Baku, and
Tbilisi. He published travel books about Russia.
In March 1861, the kingdom of Italy was proclaimed, with Victor
Emmanuel II as its king. Dumas travelled there and for the next three
years participated in the movement for Italian unification. He founded
and led a newspaper, 'Indipendente'. While there, he befriended
Giuseppe Garibaldi, whom he had long admired and with whom he shared a
commitment to liberal republican principles as well as membership
within Freemasonry. Returning to Paris in 1864, he published travel
books about Italy.
Despite Dumas's aristocratic background and personal success, he had
to deal with discrimination related to his mixed-race ancestry. In
1843, he wrote the short novel 'Georges', which addressed some of the
issues of race and the effects of colonialism. His response to a man
who insulted him about his partial African ancestry has become famous.
Dumas said:
Personal life
======================================================================
On 1 February 1840, Dumas married actress Ida Ferrier (born
Marguerite-Joséphine Ferrand) (1811-1859). They did not have any
children together.
Dumas had numerous liaisons with other women; the scholar Claude
Schopp lists nearly 40 mistresses. He is known to have fathered at
least four children by them:
* Alexandre Dumas, (1824-1895), son of Marie-Laure-Catherine Labay
(1794-1868), a dressmaker. He became a successful novelist and
playwright.
* Marie-Alexandrine Dumas (1831-1878), daughter of Belle Kreilsamner
(1803-1875) who acted under the stage name of Melanie Serre.
* Henry Bauër (1851-1915), son of Anna Bauër, a German of Jewish
faith, wife of Karl-Anton Bauër, an Austrian commercial agent living
in Paris
* Micaëlla-Clélie-Josepha-Élisabeth Cordier (born 1860), daughter of
Emélie Cordier, an actress
About 1866, he had an affair with Adah Isaacs Menken, an American
actress who was twenty-six years younger than Dumas and at the height
of her career. She had performed her sensational role in 'Mazeppa' in
London. In Paris, she had a sold-out run of 'Les Pirates de la
Savanne' and was at the peak of her success.
He was a Freemason and remained so until the day he died. He was a
member of the Lodge “La Cauderet” and of the Lodge “L'Olympique".
Dumas often incorporated references to Freemasonry and the importance
of brotherhood in his writing.
With Victor Hugo, Charles Baudelaire, Gérard de Nerval, Eugène
Delacroix and Honoré de Balzac, Dumas was a member of the Club des
Hashischins, which met monthly to take hashish at a hotel in Paris.
Dumas's 'The Count of Monte Cristo' contains several references to
hashish.
Death and legacy
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On 5 December 1870, Dumas died at the age of 68 of natural causes,
possibly a heart attack. He was buried at his birthplace of
Villers-Cotterêts in the department of Aisne. His death was
overshadowed by the Franco-Prussian War. Changing literary fashions
decreased his popularity. In the late 20th century, scholars such as
Reginald Hamel and Claude Schopp have caused a critical reappraisal
and new appreciation of his art, as well as finding lost works.
In 1970, upon the centenary of his death, the Paris Métro named a
station in his honour. His country home outside Paris, the Château de
Monte-Cristo, has been restored and is open to the public as a museum.
Researchers have continued to find Dumas works in archives, including
the five-act play 'The Gold Thieves,' found in 2002 by the scholar in
the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. It was published in France in
2004 by Honoré-Champion.
Frank Wild Reed (1874-1953), a New Zealand pharmacist who never
visited France, amassed the greatest collection of books and
manuscripts relating to Dumas outside France. The collection contains
about 3,350 volumes, including some 2,000 sheets in Dumas's
handwriting and dozens of French, Belgian and English first editions.
The collection was donated to Auckland Libraries after his death. Reed
wrote the most comprehensive bibliography of Dumas.
In 2002, for the bicentenary of Dumas's birth, French President
Jacques Chirac held a ceremony honouring the author by having his
ashes re-interred at the mausoleum of the Panthéon, where many French
luminaries were buried. When Chirac ordered the transfer to the
mausoleum, villagers in Dumas's hometown of Villers-Cotterets were
initially opposed, arguing that Dumas laid out in his memoirs that he
wanted to be buried there. The village eventually bowed to the
government's decision, and Dumas's body was exhumed from its cemetery
and put into a new coffin in preparation for the transfer. The
proceedings were televised: the new coffin was draped in a blue velvet
cloth and carried on a caisson flanked by four mounted Republican
Guards costumed as the four Musketeers. It was transported through
Paris to the Panthéon. In his speech, Chirac said:
Chirac acknowledged the racism that had existed in France and said
that the re-interment in the Pantheon had been a way of correcting
that wrong, as Alexandre Dumas was enshrined alongside fellow great
authors Victor Hugo and Émile Zola. Chirac noted that although France
has produced many great writers, none has been so widely read as
Dumas. His novels have been translated into nearly 100 languages, and
inspired more than 200 motion pictures.
In June 2005, Dumas's last novel, 'The Knight of Sainte-Hermine', was
published in France featuring the Battle of Trafalgar. Dumas described
a fictional character killing Lord Nelson (Nelson was shot and killed
by an unknown sniper). Writing and publishing the novel serially in
1869, Dumas had nearly finished it before his death. It was the third
part of the Sainte-Hermine trilogy. Claude Schopp, a Dumas scholar,
noticed a letter in an archive in 1990 that led him to discover the
unfinished work. It took him years to research it, edit the completed
portions, and decide how to treat the unfinished part. Schopp finally
wrote the final two-and-a-half chapters, based on the author's notes,
to complete the story. Published by Éditions Phébus, it sold 60,000
copies, making it a best seller. Translated into English, it was
released in 2006 as 'The Last Cavalier,' and has been translated into
other languages. Schopp has since found additional material related to
the Sainte-Hermine saga. Schopp combined them to publish the sequel
in 2008.
Christian history
===================
* 'Acté of Corinth; or, The convert of St. Paul. a tale of Greece and
Rome.' (1839), a novel about Rome, Nero, and early Christianity.
* 'Isaac Laquedem' (1852-53, incomplete)
Adventure
===========
Alexandre Dumas wrote numerous stories and historical chronicles of
adventure. They included the following:
* 'The Countess of Salisbury' ('La Comtesse de Salisbury; Édouard
III', 1836), his first serial novel published in volume in 1839.
* 'Captain Paul' ('Le Capitaine Paul', 1838)
* 'Othon the Archer' ('Othon l'archer' 1840)
* 'Captain Pamphile' ('Le Capitaine Pamphile', 1839)
* 'The Fencing Master' ('Le Maître d'armes', 1840)
* 'Castle Eppstein; The Spectre Mother' ('Chateau d'Eppstein; Albine',
1843)
* ' Amaury' (1843)
* 'The Corsican Brothers' ('Les Frères Corses', 1844)
* 'The Black Tulip' ('La Tulipe noire', 1850)
* 'Olympe de Cleves' (1851-52)
* 'Catherine Blum' (1853-54)
* 'The Mohicans of Paris' (', 1854)
* 'Salvator' ('Salvator. Suite et fin des Mohicans de Paris',
1855-1859)
* 'The Last Vendee, or the She-Wolves of Machecoul' ('Les louves de
Machecoul', 1859), a romance (not about werewolves).
* 'La Sanfelice' (1864), set in Naples in 1800.
* 'Pietro Monaco, sua moglie Maria Oliverio ed i loro complici',
(1864), an appendix to 'Ciccilla' by Peppino Curcio.
* 'The Prussian Terror' ('La Terreur Prussienne', 1867), set during
the Seven Weeks' War.
Fantasy
=========
* 'The Nutcracker' ('Histoire d'un casse-noisette', 1844): a revision
of Hoffmann's story 'The Nutcracker and the Mouse King', later set by
composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to music for a ballet also called
'The Nutcracker'.
* 'The Pale Lady' ('La Dame Pȃle', 1849) A vampire tale about a Polish
woman who is adored by two very different brothers.
* 'The Wolf Leader' ('Le Meneur de loups', 1857). One of the first
werewolf novels ever written.
In addition, Dumas wrote many series of novels:
Monte Cristo
==============
# 'Georges' (1843): The protagonist of this novel is a man of mixed
race, a rare allusion to Dumas's own African ancestry.
# 'The Count of Monte Cristo' ('Le Comte de Monte-Cristo', 1844-46)
[[Louis XV]]
==============
# 'The Conspirators' ('Le chevalier d'Harmental', 1843) adapted by
Paul Ferrier for an 1896 opéra comique by Messager.
# 'The Regent's Daughter' ('Une Fille du régent', 1845). Sequel to
'The Conspirators'.
''The D'Artagnan Romances''
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'The d'Artagnan Romances':
# 'The Three Musketeers' (, 1844)
# 'Twenty Years After' ('Vingt ans après', 1845)
# 'The Vicomte de Bragelonne', sometimes called 'Ten Years Later' ('Le
Vicomte de Bragelonne, ou Dix ans plus tard', 1847). When published in
English, it was usually split into three parts: 'The Vicomte de
Bragelonne' (sometimes called 'Between Two Kings'), 'Louise de la
Valliere', and 'The Man in the Iron Mask', of which the last part is
the best known.
Related books
===============
# 'Louis XIV and His Century' ('Louis XIV et son siècle', 1844)
# 'The Women's War' ('La Guerre des Femmes', 1845): follows Baron des
Canolles, a naïve Gascon soldier who falls in love with two women.
# 'The Dove' - the court of Louis XIII, revolving around courtly
intrigue, romantic loyalty, and a symbolic dove given as a token of
love
# 'The Count of Moret; The Red Sphinx; or, Richelieu and His Rivals'
('Le Comte de Moret; Le Sphinx Rouge', 1865-66) - a prequel to 'The
Dove' First page of the original manuscript to 'Le Comte de Moret'
The Valois romances
=====================
The Valois were the royal house of France from 1328 to 1589, and many
Dumas romances cover their reign. Traditionally, the so-called "Valois
Romances" are the three that portray the Reign of Queen Marguerite,
the last of the Valois. Dumas, however, later wrote four more novels
that cover this family and portray similar characters, starting with
François or Francis I, his son Henry II, and Marguerite and François
II, children of Henry II and Catherine de' Medici.
# 'La Reine Margot', also published as 'Marguerite de Valois' (1845)
# 'La Dame de Monsoreau' (1846) (later adapted as a short story titled
"Chicot the Jester")
# 'The Forty-Five Guardsmen' (1847) ('Les Quarante-cinq')
# 'Ascanio' (1843). Written in collaboration with Paul Meurice, it is
a romance of Francis I (1515-1547), but the main character is Italian
artist Benvenuto Cellini. The opera 'Ascanio' was based on this novel.
# 'The Two Dianas' ('Les Deux Diane', 1846), is a novel about Gabriel,
comte de Montgomery, who mortally wounded King Henry II and was lover
to his daughter Diana de Castro. Although published under Dumas's
name, it was wholly or mostly written by Paul Meurice.
# 'The Page of the Duke of Savoy', (1855) is a sequel to 'The Two
Dianas' (1846), and it covers the struggle for supremacy between the
Guises and Catherine de Médicis, the Florentine mother of the last
three Valois kings of France (and wife of Henry II). The main
character in this novel is Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy.
# 'The Horoscope: a romance of the reign of François II' (1858),
covers François II, who reigned for one year (1559-60) and died at the
age of 16.
The Marie Antoinette romances
===============================
The Marie Antoinette romances comprise eight novels. The unabridged
versions (normally 100 chapters or more) comprise only five books
(numbers 1, 3, 4, 7 and 8); the short versions (50 chapters or less)
number eight in total:
# 'Joseph Balsamo' ('Mémoires d'un médecin: Joseph Balsamo', 1846-48)
(a.k.a. 'Memoirs of a Physician', 'Cagliostro', 'Madame Dubarry', 'The
Countess Dubarry', or 'The Elixir of Life'). 'Joseph Balsamo' is about
1000 pages long, and is usually published in two volumes in English
translations: Vol 1. 'Joseph Balsamo' and Vol 2. 'Memoirs of a
Physician'. The long unabridged version includes the contents of book
two, Andrée de Taverney; the short abridged versions usually are
divided in 'Balsamo' and 'Andrée de Taverney' as completely different
books.
# 'Andrée de Taverney', or 'The Mesmerist's Victim'
# 'The Queen's Necklace' ('Le Collier de la Reine', (1849−1850)
# 'Ange Pitou' (1853) (a.k.a. 'Storming the Bastille' or 'Six Years
Later'). From this book, there are long unabridged versions which
include the contents of book five, but there are many short versions
that treat "The Hero of the People" as a separated volume.
# 'The Hero of the People'
# 'The Royal Life Guard or The Flight of the Royal Family.'
# 'The Countess de Charny' ('La Comtesse de Charny', 1853-1855). As
with other books, there are long unabridged versions which include the
contents of book six; but many short versions that leave contents in
'The Royal Life Guard' as a separate volume.
# 'Le Chevalier de Maison-Rouge' (1845) (a.k.a. 'The Knight of the Red
House', or 'The Knight of Maison-Rouge')
The Sainte-Hermine trilogy
============================
:# 'The Companions of Jehu' ('Les Compagnons de Jehu', 1857)
:#'The Whites and the Blues' ('Les Blancs et les Bleus', 1867)
:# 'The Knight of Sainte-Hermine' ('Le Chevalier de Sainte-Hermine',
1869). Dumas's last novel, unfinished at his death, was completed by
scholar Claude Schopp and published in 2005. It was published in
English in 2008 as 'The Last Cavalier'.
Robin Hood
============
These were a translation of Pierce Egan the Younger's 'Robin Hood and
Little John', originally published in England in 1838.
# 'The Prince of Thieves' ('Le Prince des voleurs', 1872,
posthumously). About Robin Hood (and the inspiration for the 1948 film
'The Prince of Thieves').
# 'Robin Hood the Outlaw' ('Robin Hood le proscrit', 1873,
posthumously). Sequel to 'Le Prince des voleurs'
Drama
=======
Although best known now as a novelist, Dumas first earned fame as a
dramatist. His 'Henri III et sa cour' (1829) was the first of the
great Romantic historical dramas produced on the Paris stage,
preceding Victor Hugo's more famous 'Hernani' (1830). Produced at the
Comédie-Française and starring the famous Mademoiselle Mars, Dumas's
play was an enormous success and launched him on his career. It had 50
performances over the next year, extraordinary at the time. Dumas's
works included:
* 'The Hunter and the Lover' (1825)
* 'The Wedding and the Funeral' (1826)
* 'Henry III and His Court' (1829)
* 'Christine - Stockholm, Fontainebleau, and Rome' (1830)
* 'Napoleon Bonaparte or Thirty Years of the History of France' (1831)
* 'Antony' (1831)a drama with a contemporary Byronic herois considered
the first non-historical Romantic drama. It starred Mars' great rival
Marie Dorval.
* 'Charles VII at the Homes of His Great Vassals' ('Charles VII chez
ses grands vassaux', 1831). This drama was adapted by the Russian
composer César Cui for his opera 'The Saracen'.
* 'Teresa' (1831)
* 'La Tour de Nesle' (1832), a historical melodrama
* 'The Memories of Anthony' (1835)
* 'The Chronicles of France: Isabel of Bavaria' (1835)
* 'Kean' (1836), based on the life of the notable late English actor
Edmund Kean. Frédérick Lemaître played him in the production.
* 'Caligula' (1837)
* 'Miss Belle-Isle' (1837)
* 'The Young Ladies of Saint-Cyr' (1843)
* 'The Youth of Louis XIV' (1854)
* 'The Son of the Night - The Pirate' (1856) (with Gérard de Nerval,
Bernard Lopez, and Victor Sejour)
* 'The Gold Thieves' (after 1857): an unpublished five-act play. It
was discovered in 2002 by the Canadian scholar Reginald Hamel, who was
researching in the . The play was published in France in 2004 by
Honoré-Champion. Hamel said that Dumas was inspired by a novel written
in 1857 by his mistress Célèste de Mogador.
Dumas wrote many plays and adapted several of his novels as dramas. In
the 1840s, he founded the Théâtre Historique, located on the Boulevard
du Temple in Paris. The building was used after 1852 by the Opéra
National (established by Adolphe Adam in 1847). It was renamed the
Théâtre Lyrique in 1851.
Non-fiction
=============
Dumas was a prolific writer of nonfiction. He wrote journal articles
on politics and culture and books on French history.
His lengthy 'Grand Dictionnaire de cuisine' ('Great Dictionary of
Cuisine') was published posthumously in 1873, and several editions of
it are still in print today. A combination of encyclopaedia and
cookbook, it reflects Dumas's interests as both a gourmet and an
expert cook. An abridged version (the 'Petit Dictionnaire de cuisine',
or 'Small Dictionary of Cuisine') was published in 1883.
He was also known for his travel writing. These books included:
* 'Impressions de voyage: En Suisse' ('Travel Impressions: In
Switzerland', 1834)
* 'Une Année à Florence' ('A Year in Florence', 1841)
* 'De Paris à Cadix' ('From Paris to Cadiz', 1846)
* 'Le Véloce: Tangier a Tunis' ('Tangier to Tunis', 1846-47),
1848-1851
* 'Montevideo, ou une nouvelle Troie', 1850 ('The New Troy'), inspired
by the Great Siege of Montevideo
* 'Le Journal de Madame Giovanni' ('The Journal of Madame Giovanni',
1856)
* 'Travel Impressions in the Kingdom of Napoli/Naples Trilogy':
** 'Impressions of Travel in Sicily' ('Le Speronare (Sicily - 1835)',
1842
** 'Captain Arena' ('Le Capitaine Arena (Italy - Aeolian Islands and
Calabria - 1835)', 1842
** 'Impressions of Travel in Naples' ('Le Corricolo (Rome - Naples -
1833)', 1843
* 'Travel Impressions in Russia - Le Caucase Original edition: Paris
1859'
* 'Adventures in Czarist Russia, or From Paris to Astrakhan'
('Impressions de voyage: En Russie; De Paris à Astrakan: Nouvelles
impressions de voyage (1858)', 1859-1862
* 'Voyage to the Caucasus' ('Le Caucase: Impressions de voyage; suite
de En Russie (1859)', 1858-1859
* 'The Bourbons of Naples' (, 1862) (7 volumes published by Italian
newspaper 'L'Indipendente', whose director was Dumas himself).
Dumas Society
======================================================================
French historian Alain Decaux founded the "Société des Amis
d'Alexandre Dumas" (The Society of Friends of Alexandre Dumas) in
1971. its president is Claude Schopp. The purpose in creating this
society was to preserve the Château de Monte-Cristo, where the society
is currently located. The other objectives of the Society are to bring
together fans of Dumas, to develop cultural activities of the Château
de Monte-Cristo, and to collect books, manuscripts, autographs and
other materials on Dumas.
See also
======================================================================
* Alexandre Dumas Museum
* Black Europeans of African ancestry
* Illegitimacy in fiction
* Popular novel in France
External links
======================================================================
*
*
*
*
*
*
[
http://www.heraldsun.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5478,10904968%255E1702,00.html
'Herald Sun': Lost Dumas play discovered]
* [
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4609819.stm Lost Dumas
novel hits bookshelves]
*
[
https://web.archive.org/web/20111213010600/http://www.intratext.com/Catalogo/Autori/AUT139.HTM
Dumas' Works]: text, concordances and frequency lists
* [
http://www.cadytech.com/dumas/ The Alexandre Dumas père website],
with a complete bibliography and notes about many of the works
*
[
http://greatcaricatures.com/articles_galleries/gill/galleries/html/1866_1202_dumas.html
1866 Caricature of Alexandre Dumas by André Gill]
*
*
* : Freely downloadable works of Alexandre Dumas in PDF format (text
mode)
*
[
http://research.hrc.utexas.edu:8080/hrcxtf/view?docId=ead/00239.xml&query=dumas,%20alexandre&query-join=and
Alexandre Dumas Collection] at the Harry Ransom Center at the
University of Texas at Austin
*
[
https://web.archive.org/web/20100608000520/http://www.alexdumas.110mb.com/
Alejandro Dumas Vida y Obras] First Spanish Website about Alexandre
Dumas and his works.
* Rafferty, Terrence.
[
https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/20/books/review/20pevear.html?ex=1313726400&en=dd1eb4e9bdbf3499&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
"All for One"], [
https://www.nytimes.com/ 'The New York Times'], 20
August 2006 (a review of the new translation of 'The Three
Musketeers', )
*
*
*
[
http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/virt-exhib/realgold/Literature/dumas.html
The Reed Dumas collection] held at Auckland Libraries
* [
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AN8bwlDLsMw Alexandre Dumas' 'A
Masked Ball' audiobook with video at YouTube]
*
[
https://directory.libsyn.com/episode/index/show/backofthebookshelf/id/6958536
Alexandre Dumas' 'A Masked Ball' audiobook at Libsyn]
* posthumous article in
[
https://picclick.co.uk/Antique-Print-Sporting-Dramatic-News-1883-Portrait-Late-144722881141.html#&gid=1&pid=1
The Illustrated Sporting & Dramatic News] 17 November 1883
License
=========
All content on Gopherpedia comes from Wikipedia, and is licensed under CC-BY-SA
License URL:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Original Article:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas
