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=                       Abigail_Scott_Duniway                        =
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                            Introduction
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Abigail Jane Scott Duniway (October 22, 1834 - October 11, 1915) was
an American women's rights advocate, newspaper editor and writer,
whose efforts were instrumental in gaining voting rights for women in
the United States.

Duniway was born near Groveland, Illinois, to John Tucker Scott and
Anne Roelofson Scott. Of the nine children in her family who survived
infancy, she was the second. She grew up on the family farm and
attended a local school intermittently. In March 1852, against the
wishes of Anne Scott, who had concerns about her health, John
organized a party of 30 people and 5 ox-drawn wagons to emigrate to
Oregon, 2400 mi away by trail. Anne died of cholera near Fort Laramie,
on the Oregon Trail, in June, and Willie, age 3, the youngest child in
the family, died in August along the Burnt River in Oregon. In
October, the emigrants reached their destination, Lafayette, in the
Willamette Valley. After teaching school in Eola in early 1853,
Abigail Scott Duniway married Benjamin Charles Duniway, a farmer from
Illinois, on August 1. They had six children: Clara Belle (b. 1854),
Willis Scott (1856), Hubert (1859), Wilkie Collins (1861), Clyde
Augustus (1866), and Ralph Roelofson (1869).

The Duniways farmed in Clackamas County until 1857, when they moved to
a farm near Lafayette. They lost this second farm after a friend
defaulted on a note Benjamin had endorsed. Soon afterward, Benjamin
was permanently disabled in an accident involving a runaway team, and
Abigail had to support the family. At first, she opened and ran a
small boarding school in Lafayette. In 1866, she moved to Albany where
she taught in a private school for a year, then opened a millinery and
notions shop, which she ran for five years. Angered by stories of
injustice and mistreatment relayed to her by married patrons of her
shop, and encouraged by Benjamin, she moved to Portland in 1871 to
found 'The New Northwest', a weekly newspaper devoted to women's
rights, including suffrage. She published the first issue on May 5,
1871, and continued 'The New Northwest' for 16 years.

Before addressing the Oregon legislature, Abigail Scott Duniway toured
the Pacific Northwest in the company of the famous Susan B. Anthony,
one of the leading voices in the Women's Suffrage movement. In 1872
she was invited to address Oregon's legislature to put forward the
case for women's suffrage. She was appearing on behalf of the Oregon
State Woman Suffrage Association, but no one wanted to keep her
company. Other women feared what their husbands and others might say.
Finally she found Dr. Mary Sawtelle who agreed to also venture into
this male-only preserve.
Duniway encountered personal setbacks such as poor health and money
problems. Her brother Harvey W. Scott, who also edited 'The Oregonian'
and later contributed to 'The New Northwest', opposed woman suffrage
in many editorials on the subject. She persisted despite political
opposition in the form of local resistance, the consistent failure of
women's suffrage referendums on state ballots, and divisions with
Eastern suffrage organizations. She and her newspaper actively
supported the Sole Trader Bill and the Married Women's Property Act
which, when passed, gave Oregon women the right to own and control
property.

Her persistence paid off in 1912 when Oregon became the seventh state
in the U.S. to pass a women's suffrage amendment. Governor Oswald West
asked her to write and sign the equal suffrage proclamation. She was
the first woman to register to vote in Multnomah County.

Duniway is buried at River View Cemetery in Portland.


                            Publications
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Duniway's 'Captain Gray's Company; or, Crossing the Plains and Living
in Oregon' (1859), was the first novel to be commercially published in
Oregon. This and others that she wrote drew repeatedly on her
experiences as a young woman on the Oregon Trail. Her last novel to
tell the story was 'From the West to the West: Across the Plains to
Oregon' (1905). She wrote a booklet called 'My Musings' after
attending a convention of the National Woman Suffrage Association in
1872. Her last publication was 'Path Breaking: An Autobiographical
History of the Equal Suffrage Movement in Pacific Coast States', in
1914.
Works written by Duniway and published by others:

* 'Captain Gray's Company, or Crossing the Plains and Living in
Oregon'. Portland, Oregon: S. J. McCormick, 1859.
* 'David and Anna Matson'. New York: S.R. Wells & Co., 1876.
* 'From the West to the West: Across the Plains to Oregon'. Chicago:
A.C. McClurg, 1905.
* 'My Musings'. Portland, Oregon: Duniway Publishing Co., 1875.
* 'Path Breaking: An Autobiographical History of the Equal Suffrage
Movement in Pacific Coast States', 2nd ed. Portland, Oregon: James,
Kerns & Abbott, 1914. Reprint New York: Schocken Books, 1971.
* "The Stage Driver's Story." 'Phrenological Journal'. August 1879,
pp. 85–90.

Serialized novels written by Duniway and published in the 'New
Northwest':

* 'Judith Reid: A Plain Story of a Plain Woman'. May 12 – December 22,
1871.
* 'Ellen Dowd: The Farmer's Wife' (in two parts). January 5, 1872 –
September 26, 1873.
* 'Amie and Henry Lee: or, The Spheres of the Sexes'. May 29 –
November 13, 1874.
* 'The Happy Home: or, The Husband's Triumph'. November 20, 1874 – May
14, 1875.
* 'One Woman's Sphere, or The Mystery of Eagle Cove'. June 4 –
December 3, 1875.
* 'Madge Morrison, The Molalla Maid and Matron'. December 10, 1875 –
July 28, 1876.
* 'Edna and John: A Romance of Idaho Flat'. September 29, 1876 – June
15, 1877.
* 'Martha Marblehead: The Maid and Matron of Chehalem'. June 29, 1877
– February 8, 1878.
* 'Her Lot, or How She Was Protected' (later revised in manuscript
form as 'Ethel Graeme's Destiny: A Story of Real Life'). February 1 –
September 19, 1878.
* 'Fact, Fate and Fancy: or, More Ways of Living Than One'. September
26, 1878 – May 15, 1879.
* 'Mrs. Hardine's Will'. November 20, 1879 – August 26, 1880.
* 'The Mystery of Castle Rock, A Story of the Pacific Northwest'.
March 2 – September 7, 1882.
* 'Judge Dunson's Secret, An Oregon Story'. March 15 – September 6,
1883.
* 'Laban McShane, A Frontier Story'. January 3 – March 6, 1884.
* 'Dux: A Maiden Who Dared'. September 11, 1884 – March 5, 1885
* 'The De Launcey Curse: or, The Law of Heredity—A Tale of Three
Generations'. September 10, 1885 – March 4, 1886.
* 'Blanche Le Clerq: A Tale of the Mountain Mines'. September 2, 1886
– February 24, 1887.

Serialized novels written by Duniway and published in 'The Pacific
Empire':
* 'Shack-Locks: A Story of the Times'. October 3, 1895 – March 26,
1896.
* 'Bijah's Surprises' (later revised in manuscript form as 'Margaret
Rudson, A Pioneer Story'. Book one, April 2 – September 26, 1896; Book
two, October 1 – December 31, 1896.
* 'The Old and the New'. January 7 – December 30, 1897.


Bibliography
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* Johnson, L.C.; James, Edward T., ed; (1971). "Duniway, Abigail Jane
Scott" in 'Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary, Vol. 1,
A-F'. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard
University Press. .
* Moynihan, Ruth Barnes (1983). 'Rebel for Rights: Abigail Scott
Duniway'. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. .
* Shein, Debra (2002). 'Abigail Scott Duniway' (Western Writers Series
No. 151). Boise, Idaho: Boise State University. .


                           External links
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* [http://asduniway.org "'She Flies with Her Own Wings': The Collected
Speeches of Abigail Scott Duniway (1834-1915)"]
*
*
* University of Oregon Libraries Special Collections
** [https://scua.uoregon.edu/repositories/2/resources/2153 Abigail
Scott Duniway papers]
** [https://scua.uoregon.edu/repositories/2/resources/2458 Abigail
Scott Duniway speech: "A Stirring Appeal"]
** [https://scua.uoregon.edu/repositories/2/resources/2483 Abigail
Scott Duniway letters]
** [https://scua.uoregon.edu/repositories/2/resources/1694 Abigail
Scott Duniway letter to Barbara M. Booth]
* [https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/state/elections/history.aspx
1912 Women's Suffrage Proclamation Transcription], Oregon Blue Book
* [http://watch.opb.org/video/1237788767/ Oregon Experience: Abigail
Scott Duniway], OPB video, August 23, 2006. 26:41
*
[https://archive.org/details/pathbreakingana00dunigoog/page/n10/mode/2up
'Path Breaking: An Autobiographical History of the Equal Suffrage
Movement in Pacific Coast States']


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