Network Working Group A. Bierman

Network Working Group A. Bierman
Request for Comments: 2074 Cisco Systems
Category: Standards Track R. Iddon
AXON Networks,Inc.
January 1997

Remote Network Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifiers

Status of this Memo

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction .................................................... 3
2 The SNMP Network Management Framework ........................... 3
2.1 Object Definitions ............................................ 3
3 Overview ........................................................ 3
3.1 Terms ......................................................... 4
3.2 Relationship to the Remote Network Monitoring MIB ............. 6
3.3 Relationship to the Other MIBs ................................ 6
4 Protocol Identifier Encoding .................................... 7
4.1 ProtocolDirTable INDEX Format Examples ........................ 9
4.2 Protocol Identifier Macro Format .............................. 10
4.2.1 Mapping of the Protocol Name ................................ 12
4.2.2 Mapping of the VARIANT-OF Clause ............................ 13
4.2.3 Mapping of the PARAMETERS Clause ............................ 13
4.2.3.1 Mapping of the 'countsFragments(0)' BIT ................... 14
4.2.3.2 Mapping of the 'tracksSessions(1)' BIT .................... 15
4.2.4 Mapping of the ATTRIBUTES Clause ............................ 15
4.2.5 Mapping of the DESCRIPTION Clause ........................... 15
4.2.6 Mapping of the CHILDREN Clause .............................. 16
4.2.7 Mapping of the ADDRESS-FORMAT Clause ........................ 16
4.2.8 Mapping of the DECODING Clause .............................. 16
4.2.9 Mapping of the REFERENCE Clause ............................. 17
4.2.10 Evaluating a Protocol-Identifier INDEX ..................... 17
5 Protocol Identifier Macros ...................................... 18
5.1 Base Identifier Encoding ...................................... 18
5.1.1 Protocol Identifier Functions ............................... 19
5.1.1.1 Function 0: No-op ......................................... 19
5.1.1.2 Function 1: Protocol Wildcard Function .................... 19
5.2 Base Layer Protocol Identifiers ............................... 20
5.2.1 Ether2 Encapsulation ........................................ 21

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

5.2.2 LLC Encapsulation ........................................... 22
5.2.3 SNAP over LLC (OUI=000) Encapsulation ....................... 23
5.2.4 SNAP over LLC (OUI != 000) Encapsulation .................... 24
5.2.5 IANA Assigned Protocols ..................................... 25
5.2.5.1 IANA Assigned Protocol Identifiers ........................ 27
5.3 L3: Children of Base Protocol Identifiers ..................... 27
5.3.1 IP .......................................................... 28
5.3.2 IPX ......................................................... 29
5.3.3 ARP ......................................................... 30
5.3.4 IDP ......................................................... 30
5.3.5 AppleTalk ARP ............................................... 31
5.3.6 AppleTalk ................................................... 31
5.4 L4: Children of L3 Protocols .................................. 32
5.4.1 ICMP ........................................................ 32
5.4.2 TCP ......................................................... 32
5.4.3 UDP ......................................................... 33
5.5 L5: Application Layer Protocols ............................... 33
5.5.1 FTP ......................................................... 33
5.5.1.1 FTP-DATA .................................................. 33
5.5.1.2 FTP Control ............................................... 34
5.5.2 Telnet ...................................................... 34
5.5.3 SMTP ........................................................ 34
5.5.4 DNS ......................................................... 35
5.5.5 BOOTP ....................................................... 35
5.5.5.1 Bootstrap Server Protocol ................................. 35
5.5.5.2 Bootstrap Client Protocol ................................. 35
5.5.6 TFTP ........................................................ 36
5.5.7 HTTP ........................................................ 36
5.5.8 POP3 ........................................................ 36
5.5.9 SUNRPC ...................................................... 37
5.5.10 NFS ........................................................ 38
5.5.11 SNMP ....................................................... 38
5.5.11.1 SNMP Request/Response .................................... 38
5.5.11.2 SNMP Trap ................................................ 39
6 Acknowledgements ................................................ 39
7 References ...................................................... 40
8 Security Considerations ......................................... 43
9 Authors' Addresses .............................................. 43

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

1. Introduction

This memo defines an experimental portion of the Management
Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in
the Internet community. In particular, it describes the algorithms
required to identify different protocol encapsulations managed with
the Remote Network Monitoring MIB Version 2 [RMON2]. Although related
to the original Remote Network Monitoring MIB [RFC1757], this
document refers only to objects found in the RMON-2 MIB.

2. The SNMP Network Management Framework

The SNMP Network Management Framework presently consists of three
major components. They are:

o the SMI, described in RFC 1902 [RFC1902], - the mechanisms used for
describing and naming objects for the purpose of management.

o the MIB-II, STD 17, RFC 1213 [RFC1213], - the core set of managed
objects for the Internet suite of protocols.

o the protocol, STD 15, RFC 1157 [RFC1157] and/or RFC 1905 [RFC1905],
- the protocol for accessing managed information.

Textual conventions are defined in RFC 1903 [RFC1903], and
conformance statements are defined in RFC 1904 [RFC1904].

The Framework permits new objects to be defined for the purpose of
experimentation and evaluation.

2.1. Object Definitions

Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed
the Management Information Base or MIB. Objects in the MIB are
defined using the subset of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)
defined in the SMI. In particular, each object type is named by an
OBJECT IDENTIFIER, an administratively assigned name. The object
type together with an object instance serves to uniquely identify a
specific instantiation of the object. For human convenience, we
often use a textual string, termed the descriptor, to refer to the
object type.

3. Overview

The RMON-2 MIB [RMON2] uses hierarchically formatted OCTET STRINGs to
globally identify individual protocol encapsulations in the
protocolDirTable.

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This guide contains algorithms and examples of protocol identifier
encapsulations for use as INDEX values in the protocolDirTable.

This document is not intended to be an authoritative reference on the
protocols described herein. Refer to the Official Internet Standards
document [RFC1800], the Assigned Numbers document [RFC1700], or other
appropriate RFCs, IEEE documents, etc. for complete and authoritative
protocol information.

3.1. Terms

Several terms are used throughout this document, as well as in the
RMON-2 MIB [RMON2], that should be introduced:

layer-identifier:
An octet string fragment representing a particular protocol
encapsulation layer. A string fragment identifying a particular
protocol encapsulation layer. This string is exactly four octets,
(except for the 'vsnap' base-layer identifier, which is exactly
eight octets) encoded in network byte order. A particular protocol
encapsulation can be identified by starting with a base layer
encapsulation (see the 'Base Protocol Identifiers' section for more
detail), and following the encoding rules specified in the CHILDREN
clause and assignment section for that layer. Then repeat for each
identified layer in the encapsulation. (See section 4.2.10
'Evaluating a Protocol-Identifier INDEX' for more detail.)

protocol:
A particular protocol layer, as specified by encoding rules in this
document. Usually refers to a single layer in a given
encapsulation. Note that this term is sometimes used in the RMON-2
MIB [RMON2] to name a fully-specified protocol-identifier string.
In such a case, the protocol-identifier string is named for its
upper-most layer. A named protocol may also refer to any
encapsulation of that protocol.

protocol-identifier string:
An octet string representing a particular protocol encapsulation,
as specified by encoding rules in this document. This string is
identified in the RMON-2 MIB [RMON2] as the protocolDirID object. A
protocol-identifier string is composed of one or more layer-
identifiers.

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protocol-identifier macro:
A group of formatted text describing a particular protocol layer,
as used within the RMON-2 MIB [RMON2]. The macro serves several
purposes:

- Name the protocol for use within the RMON-2 MIB [RMON2].
- Describe how the protocol is encoded into an octet string.
- Describe how child protocols are identified (if applicable),
and encoded into an octet string.
- Describe which protocolDirParameters are allowed for the protocol.
- Describe how the associated protocolDirType object is encoded
for the protocol.
- Provide reference(s) to authoritative documentation for the
protocol.

protocol-variant-identifier macro:
A group of formatted text describing a particular protocol layer,
as used within the RMON-2 MIB [RMON2]. This protocol is a variant
of a well known encapsulation that may be present in the
protocolDirTable. This macro is used to document the IANA
assigned protocols, which are needed to identify protocols which
cannot be practically identified by examination of 'appropriate
network traffic' (e.g. the packets which carry them). All other
protocols (which can be identified by examination of appropriate
network traffic) should be documented using the protocol-identifier
macro. A protocol-variant-identifier is documented using the
protocol-variant version of the protocol-identifier macro.

protocol-parameter:
A single octet, corresponding to a specific layer-identifier in the
protocol-identifier. This octet is a bit-mask indicating special
functions or capabilities that this agent is providing for the
corresponding protocol.

protocol-parameters string:
An octet string, which contains one protocol-parameter for each
layer-identifier in the protocol-identifier. See the section
'Mapping of the PARAMETERS Clause' for more detail. This string is
identified in the RMON-2 MIB [RMON2] as the protocolDirParameters
object.

protocolDirTable INDEX:
A protocol-identifier and protocol-parameters octet string pair
that have been converted to an INDEX value, according to the
encoding rules in in section 7.7 of RFC 1902 [RFC1902].

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pseudo-protocol:
A convention or algorithm used only within this document for the
purpose of encoding protocol-identifier strings.

3.2. Relationship to the Remote Network Monitoring MIB

This document is intended to identify possible string values for the
OCTET STRING objects protocolDirID and protocolDirParameters. Tables
in the new Protocol Distribution, Host, and Matrix groups use a local
INTEGER INDEX, in order to remain unaffected by changes in this
document. Only the protocolDirTable uses the strings (protocolDirID
and protocolDirParameters) described in this document.

This document is not intended to limit the protocols that may be
identified for counting in the RMON-2 MIB. Many protocol
encapsulations, not explicitly identified in this document, may be
present in an actual implementation of the protocolDirTable. Also,
implementations of the protocolDirTable may not include all the
protocols identified in the example section below.

This document is intentionally separated from the MIB objects to
allow frequent updates to this document without any republication of
MIB objects. Protocol Identifier macros submitted from the RMON
working group and community at large (to the RMONMIB WG mailing list
at '[email protected]') will be collected and added to this document.

Macros submissions will be collected in the IANA's MIB files under
the directory "ftp://ftp.isi.edu/mib/rmonmib/rmon2_pi_macros/" and in
the RMONMIB working group mailing list message archive file
"ftp://ftp.cisco.com/ftp/rmonmib/rmonmib".

This document does not discuss auto-discovery and auto-population of
the protocolDirTable. This functionality is not explicitly defined by
the RMON standard. An agent should populate the directory with
'interesting' protocols--depending on the intended applications.

3.3. Relationship to the Other MIBs

The RMON Protocol Identifiers document is intended for use with the
protocolDirTable within the RMON MIB. It is not relevant to any other
MIB, or intended for use with any other MIB.

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

4. Protocol Identifier Encoding

The protocolDirTable is indexed by two OCTET STRINGs, protocolDirID
and protocolDirParameters. To encode the table index, each variable-
length string is converted to an OBJECT IDENTIFIER fragment,
according to the encoding rules in section 7.7 of RFC 1902 [RFC1902].
Then the index fragments are simply concatenated. (Refer to figures
1a - 1d below for more detail.)

The first OCTET STRING (protocolDirID) is composed of one or more 4-
octet "layer-identifiers". The entire string uniquely identifies a
particular protocol encapsulation tree. The second OCTET STRING,
(protocolDirParameters) which contains a corresponding number of 1-
octet protocol-specific parameters, one for each 4-octet layer-
identifier in the first string.

A protocol layer is normally identified by a single 32-bit value.
Each layer-identifier is encoded in the ProtocolDirID OCTET STRING
INDEX as four sub-components [ a.b.c.d ], where 'a' - 'd' represent
each byte of the 32-bit value in network byte order. If a particular
protocol layer cannot be encoded into 32 bits, (except for the
'vsnap' base layer) then it must be defined as a 'ianaAssigned'
protocol (see below for details on IANA assigned protocols).

The following figures show the differences between the OBJECT
IDENTIFIER and OCTET STRING encoding of the protocol identifier
string.

Fig. 1a
protocolDirTable INDEX Format
-----------------------------

+---+--------------------------+---+---------------+
| c ! | c ! protocolDir |
| n ! protocolDirID | n ! Parameters |
| t ! | t ! |
+---+--------------------------+---+---------------+

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

Fig. 1b
protocolDirTable OCTET STRING Format
------------------------------------

protocolDirID
+----------------------------------------+
| |
| 4 * N octets |
| |
+----------------------------------------+

protocolDirParameters
+----------+
| |
| N octets |
| |
+----------+

Fig. 1c
protocolDirTable INDEX Format Example
-------------------------------------

protocolDirID protocolDirParameters
+---+--------+--------+--------+--------+---+---+---+---+---+
| c | proto | proto | proto | proto | c |par|par|par|par|
| n | base | L3 | L4 | L5 | n |ba-| L3| L4| L5|
| t |(+flags)| | | | t |se | | | |
+---+--------+--------+--------+--------+---+---+---+---+---+ subOID
| 1 | 4 or 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 |1/2| 1 | 1 | 1 | count

where N is the number of protocol-layer-identifiers required
for the entire encapsulation of the named protocol. Note that
the 'vsnap' base layer identifier is encoded into 8 sub-identifiers,
All other protocol layers are either encoded into 4 sub-identifiers
or encoded as a 'ianaAssigned' protocol.

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

Fig. 1d
protocolDirTable OCTET STRING Format Example
--------------------------------------------

protocolDirID
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| proto | proto | proto | proto |
| base | L3 | L4 | L5 |
| | | | |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+ octet
| 4 or 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 | count

protocolDirParameters
+---+---+---+---+
|par|par|par|par|
|ba-| L3| L4| L5|
|se | | | |
+---+---+---+---+ octet
|1/2| 1 | 1 | 1 | count

where N is the number of protocol-layer-identifiers required
for the entire encapsulation of the named protocol. Note that
the 'vsnap' base layer identifier is encoded into 8
protocolDirID sub-identifiers and 2 protocolDirParameters
sub-identifiers.

Although this example indicates four encapsulated protocols, in
practice, any non-zero number of layer-identifiers may be present,
theoretically limited only by OBJECT IDENTIFIER length restrictions,
as specified in section 3.5 of RFC 1902 [RFC1902].

Note that these two strings would not be concatenated together if
ever returned in a GetResponse PDU, since they are different MIB
objects. However, protocolDirID and protocolDirParameters are not
currently readable MIB objects.

4.1. ProtocolDirTable INDEX Format Examples

-- HTTP; fragments counted from IP and above
ether2.ip.tcp.www-http =
16.0.0.0.1.0.0.8.0.0.0.0.6.0.0.0.80.4.0.1.0.0

-- SNMP over UDP/IP over SNAP
snap.ip.udp.snmp =
16.0.0.0.3.0.0.8.0.0.0.0.17.0.0.0.161.4.0.0.0.0

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

-- SNMP over IPX over SNAP
snap.ipx.snmp =
12.0.0.0.3.0.0.129.55.0.0.144.15.3.0.0.0

-- SNMP over IPX over raw8023
-- ianaAssigned(ipxOverRaw8023(1)).snmp =
12.0.0.0.5.0.0.0.1.0.0.155.15.3.0.0.0

-- IPX over LLC
llc.ipx =
8.0.0.0.2.0.224.224.3.2.0.0

-- SNMP over UDP/IP over any link layer
-- wildcard-ether2.ip.udp.snmp
16.1.0.0.1.0.0.8.0.0.0.0.17.0.0.0.161.4.0.0.0.0

-- IP over any link layer; base encoding is IP over ether2
-- wildcard-ether2.ip
8.1.0.0.1.0.0.8.0.2.0.0

-- AppleTalk Phase 2 over ether2
-- ether2.atalk
8.0.0.0.1.0.0.128.155.2.0.0

-- AppleTalk Phase 2 over vsnap
-- vsnap(apple).atalk
12.0.0.0.4.0.8.0.7.0.0.128.155.3.0.0.0

4.2. Protocol Identifier Macro Format

The following example is meant to introduce the protocol-identifier
macro. (The syntax is not quite ASN.1.) This macro is used to
represent both protocols and protocol-variants.

If the 'VariantOfPart' component of the macro is present, then the
macro represents a protocol-variant instead of a protocol. A
protocol- variant-identifier is used only for IANA assigned
protocols, enumerated under the 'ianaAssigned' base-layer.

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

RMON-PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER MACRO ::=
BEGIN
PIMacroName "PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER"
VariantOfPart
"PARAMETERS" ParamPart
"ATTRIBUTES" AttrPart
"DESCRIPTION" Text
ChildDescrPart
AddrDescrPart
DecodeDescrPart
ReferPart
"::=" "{" EncapsPart "}"

PIMacroName ::=
identifier

VariantOfPart ::=
"VARIANT-OF" identifier | empty

ParamPart ::=
"{" ParamList "}"

ParamList ::=
Params | empty

Params ::=
Param | Params "," Param

Param ::=
identifier "(" nonNegativeNumber ")"

AttrPart ::=
"{" AttrList "}"

AttrList ::=
Attrs | empty

Attrs ::=
Attr | Attrs "," Attr

Attr ::=
identifier "(" nonNegativeNumber ")"

ChildDescrPart ::=
"CHILDREN" Text | empty

AddrDescrPart ::=
"ADDRESS-FORMAT" Text | empty

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

DecodeDescrPart ::=
"DECODING" Text | empty

ReferPart ::=
"REFERENCE" Text | empty

EncapsPart ::=
"{" Encaps "}"

Encaps ::=
Encap | Encaps "," Encap

Encap ::=
BaseEncap | NormalEncap | VsnapEncap | IanaEncap

BaseEncap ::=
nonNegativeNumber

NormalEncap ::=
identifier nonNegativeNumber

VsnapEncap ::=
identifier "(" nonNegativeNumber ")" nonNegativeNumber

IanaEncap ::=
"ianaAssigned" nonNegativeNumber
| "ianaAssigned" identifier
| "ianaAssigned" identifier "(" nonNegativeNumber ")"

Text ::=
"""" string """"
END

4.2.1. Mapping of the Protocol Name

The 'PIMacroName' value should be a lower-case ASCII string, and
contain the name or acronym identifying the protocol. NMS
applications may treat protocol names as case-insensitive strings,
and agent implementations must make sure the protocolDirTable does
not contain any instances of the protocolDirDescr object which differ
only in the case of one of more letters (if the identifiers are
intended to represent different protocols).

It is possible that different encapsulations of the same protocol
(which are represented by different entries in the protocolDirTable)
will be assigned the same protocol name.

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

A protocol name should match the "most well-known" name or acronym
for the indicated protocol. For example, the document indicated by
the URL:

ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/protocol-numbers

defines IP Protocol field values, so protocol-identifier macros for
children of IP should be given names consistent with the protocol
names found in this authoritative document.

4.2.2. Mapping of the VARIANT-OF Clause

This clause is present for IANA assigned protocols only. It
identifies the protocol-identifier macro that most closely represents
this particular protocol, and is known as the "reference protocol".
(A protocol-identifier macro must exist for the reference protocol.)
When this clause is present in a protocol-identifier macro, the macro
is called a 'protocol-variant-identifier'.

Any clause (e.g. CHILDREN, ADDRESS-FORMAT) in the reference protocol-
identifier macro should not be duplicated in the protocol-variant-
identifier macro, if the 'variant' protocols' semantics are identical
for a given clause.

Since the PARAMETERS and ATTRIBUTES clauses must be present in a
protocol-identifier, an empty 'ParamPart' and 'AttrPart' (i.e.
"PARAMETERS {}") must be present in a protocol-variant-identifier
macro, and the 'ParamPart' and 'AttrPart' found in the reference
protocol- identifier macro examined instead.

Note that if a 'ianaAssigned' protocol is defined that is not a
variant of any other documented protocol, then the protocol-
identifier macro should be used instead of the protocol-variant-
identifier version of the macro.

4.2.3. Mapping of the PARAMETERS Clause

The protocolDirParameters object provides an NMS the ability to turn
on and off expensive probe resources. An agent may support a given
parameter all the time, not at all, or subject to current resource
load.

The PARAMETERS clause is a list of bit definitions which can be
directly encoded into the associated ProtocolDirParameters octet in
network byte order. Zero or more bit definitions may be present. Only
bits 0-7 are valid encoding values. This clause defines the entire
BIT set allowed for a given protocol. A conforming agent may choose
to implement a subset of zero or more of these PARAMETERS.

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

By convention, the following common bit definitions are used by
different protocols. These bit positions must not be used for other
parameters. They should be reserved if not used by a given protocol.
Bits are encoded in network-byte order.

Table 3.1 Reserved PARAMETERS Bits
------------------------------------

Bit Name Description
---------------------------------------------------------------------
0 countsFragments higher-layer protocols encapsulated within
this protocol will be counted correctly even
if this protocol fragments the upper layers
into multiple packets.
1 tracksSessions correctly attributes all packets of a protocol
which starts sessions on well known ports or
sockets and then transfers them to dynamically
assigned ports or sockets thereafter (e.g. TFTP).

The PARAMETERS clause must be present in all protocol-identifier
macro declarations, but may be equal to zero (empty). Note that an
NMS must determine if a given PARAMETER bit is supported by
attempting to create the desired protocolDirEntry The associated
ATTRIBUTE bits for 'countsFragments' and 'tracksSessions' do not
exist.

4.2.3.1. Mapping of the 'countsFragments(0)' BIT

This bit indicates whether the probe is correctly attributing all
fragmented packets of the specified protocol, even if individual
frames carrying this protocol cannot be identified as such. Note
that the probe is not required to actually present any re-assembled
datagrams (for address-analysis, filtering, or any other purpose) to
the NMS.

This bit may only be set in a protocolDirParameters octet which
corresponds to a protocol that supports fragmentation and reassembly
in some form. Note that TCP packets are not considered 'fragmented-
streams' and so TCP is not eligible.

This bit may be set in at most one protocolDirParameters octet within
a protocolDirTable INDEX.

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

4.2.3.2. Mapping of the 'tracksSessions(1)' BIT

The 'tracksSessions(1)' bit indicates whether frames which are part
of remapped-sessions (e.g. TFTP download sessions) are correctly
counted by the probe. For such a protocol, the probe must usually
analyze all packets received on the indicated interface, and maintain
some state information, (e.g. the remapped UDP port number for TFTP).

The semantics of the 'tracksSessions' parameter are independent of
the other protocolDirParameters definitions, so this parameter may be
combined with any other legal parameter configurations.

4.2.4. Mapping of the ATTRIBUTES Clause

The protocolDirType object provides an NMS with an indication of a
probe's capabilities for decoding a given protocol, or the general
attributes of the particular protocol.

The ATTRIBUTES clause is a list of bit definitions which are encoded
into the associated instance of ProtocolDirType. The BIT definitions
are specified in the SYNTAX clause of the protocolDirType MIB object.

Table 3.2 Reserved ATTRIBUTES Bits
------------------------------------

Bit Name Description
---------------------------------------------------------------------
0 hasChildren indicates that there may be children of
this protocol defined in the protocolDirTable
(by either the agent or the manager).
1 addressRecognitionCapable
indicates that this protocol can be used
to generate host and matrix table entries.

The ATTRIBUTES clause must be present in all protocol-identifier
macro declarations, but may be empty.

4.2.5. Mapping of the DESCRIPTION Clause

The DESCRIPTION clause provides a textual description of the protocol
identified by this macro. Notice that it should not contain details
about items covered by the CHILDREN, ADDRESS-FORMAT, DECODING and
REFERENCE clauses.

The DESCRIPTION clause must be present in all protocol-identifier
macro declarations.

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

4.2.6. Mapping of the CHILDREN Clause

The CHILDREN clause provides a description of child protocols for
protocols which support them. It has three sub-sections:

- Details on the field(s)/value(s) used to select the child protocol,
and how that selection process is performed

- Details on how the value(s) are encoded in the protocol identifier
octet string

- Details on how child protocols are named with respect to their
parent protocol label(s)

The CHILDREN clause must be present in all protocol-identifier macro
declarations in which the 'hasChildren(0)' BIT is set in the
ATTRIBUTES clause.

4.2.7. Mapping of the ADDRESS-FORMAT Clause

The ADDRESS-FORMAT clause provides a description of the OCTET-STRING
format(s) used when encoding addresses.

This clause must be present in all protocol-identifier macro
declarations in which the 'addressRecognitionCapable(1)' BIT is set
in the ATTRIBUTES clause.

4.2.8. Mapping of the DECODING Clause

The DECODING clause provides a description of the decoding procedure
for the specified protocol. It contains useful decoding hints for the
implementor, but should not over-replicate information in documents
cited in the REFERENCE clause. It might contain a complete
description of any decoding information required.

For 'extensible' protocols ('hasChildren(0)' BIT set) this includes
offset and type information for the field(s) used for child selection
as well as information on determining the start of the child
protocol.

For 'addressRecognitionCapable' protocols this includes offset and
type information for the field(s) used to generate addresses.

The DECODING clause is optional, and may be omitted if the REFERENCE
clause contains pointers to decoding information for the specified
protocol.

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

4.2.9. Mapping of the REFERENCE Clause

If a publicly available reference document exists for this protocol
it should be listed here. Typically this will be a URL if possible;
if not then it will be the name and address of the controlling body.

The CHILDREN, ADDRESS-FORMAT, and DECODING clauses should limit the
amount of information which may currently be obtained from an
'authoritative' document, such as the Assigned Numbers document
[RFC1700]. Any duplication or paraphrasing of information should be
brief and consistent with the authoritative document.

The REFERENCE clause is optional, but should be implemented if an
authoritative reference exists for the protocol (especially for
standard protocols).

4.2.10. Evaluating a Protocol-Identifier INDEX

The following evaluation is done after protocolDirTable INDEX value
has been converted into two OCTET STRINGs according to the INDEX
encoding rules specified in the SMI [RFC1902].

Protocol-identifiers are evaluated left to right, starting with the
protocolDirID, which length should be evenly divisible by four. The
protocolDirParameters length should be exactly one quarter of the
protocolDirID string length.

Protocol-identifier parsing starts with the base layer identifier,
which must be present, and continues for one or more upper layer
identifiers, until all OCTETs of the protocolDirID have been used.
Layers may not be skipped, so identifiers such as 'SNMP over IP' or
'TCP over anylink' can not exist.

The base-layer-identifier also contains a 'special function
identifier' which may apply to the rest of the protocol identifier.

Wild-carding at the base layer within a protocol encapsulation is the
only supported special function at this time. Refer to the 'Base
Protocol Identifiers' section for wildcard encoding rules.

After the protocol-tree identified in protocolDirID has been parsed,
each parameter bit-mask (one octet for each 4-octet layer-identifier)
is evaluated, and applied to the corresponding protocol layer.

A protocol-identifier label may map to more than one value. For
instance, 'ip' maps to 5 distinct values, one for each supported
encapsulation. (see the 'IP' section under 'L3 Protocol
Identifiers'),

Bierman & Iddon Standards Track [Page 17]

RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

It is important to note that these macros are conceptually expanded
at implementation time, not at run time.

If all the macros are expanded completely by substituting all
possible values of each label for each child protocol, a list of all
possible protocol-identifiers is produced. So 'ip' would result in 5
distinct protocol-identifiers. Likewise each child of 'ip' would map
to at least 5 protocol-identifiers, one for each encapsulation (e.g.
ip over ether2, ip over LLC, etc.).

5. Protocol Identifier Macros

The following PROTOCOL IDENTIFIER macros can be used to construct
protocolDirID and protocolDirParameters strings.

The sections defining protocol examples are intended to grow over
subsequent releases. Minimal protocol support is included at this
time. (Refer to section 3.2 for details on the protocol macro update
procedure.)

An identifier is encoded by constructing the base-identifier, then
adding one layer-identifier for each encapsulated protocol.

5.1. Base Identifier Encoding

The first layer encapsulation is called the base identifier and it
contains optional protocol-function information and the base layer
(e.g. MAC layer) enumeration value used in this protocol identifier.

The base identifier is encoded as four octets as shown in figure 2.

Fig. 2
base-identifier format
+---+---+---+---+
| | | | |
| f |op1|op2| m |
| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+ octet
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | count

The first octet ('f') is the special function code, found in table
4.1. The next two octets ('op1' and 'op2') are operands for the
indicated function. If not used, an operand must be set to zero. The
last octet, 'm', is the enumerated value for a particular base layer
encapsulation, found in table 4.2. All four octets are encoded in
network-byte-order.

Bierman & Iddon Standards Track [Page 18]

RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

5.1.1. Protocol Identifier Functions

The base layer identifier contains information about any special
functions to perform during collections of this protocol, as well as
the base layer encapsulation identifier.

The first three octets of the identifier contain the function code
and two optional operands. The fourth octet contains the particular
base layer encapsulation used in this protocol (fig. 2).

Table 4.1 Assigned Protocol Identifier Functions
-------------------------------------------------

Function ID Param1 Param2
----------------------------------------------------
none 0 not used (0) not used (0)
wildcard 1 not used (0) not used (0)

5.1.1.1. Function 0: No-op

If the function ID field (1st octet) is equal to zero, the the 'op1'
and 'op2' fields (2nd and 3rd octets) must also be equal to zero.
This special value indicates that no functions are applied to the
protocol identifier encoded in the remaining octets. The identifier
represents a normal protocol encapsulation.

5.1.1.2. Function 1: Protocol Wildcard Function

The wildcard function (function-ID = 1), is used to aggregate
counters, by using a single protocol value to indicate potentially
many base layer encapsulations of a particular network layer
protocol. A protocolDirEntry of this type will match any base-layer
encapsulation of the same protocol.

The 'op1' field (2nd octet) is not used and must be set to zero.

The 'op2' field (3rd octet) is not used and must be set to zero.

Each wildcard protocol identifier must be defined in terms of a 'base
encapsulation'. This should be as 'standard' as possible for
interoperability purposes. If an encapsulation over 'ether2' is
permitted, than this should be used as the base encapsulation.

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

The agent may also be requested to count some or all of the
individual encapsulations for the same protocols, in addition to
wildcard counting. Note that the RMON-2 MIB [RMON2] does not require
that agents maintain counters for multiple encapsulations of the same
protocol. It is an implementation-specific matter as to how an agent
determines which protocol combinations to allow in the
protocolDirTable at any given time.

5.2. Base Layer Protocol Identifiers

The base layer is mandatory, and defines the base encapsulation of
the packet and any special functions for this identifier.

There are no suggested protocolDirParameters bits for the base layer.

The suggested ProtocolDirDescr field for the base layer is given by
the corresponding "Name" field in the table 4.1 below. However,
implementations are only required to use the appropriate integer
identifier values.

For most base layer protocols, the protocolDirType field should
contain bits set for the 'hasChildren(0)' and
'addressRecognitionCapable(1)' attributes. However, the special
'ianaAssigned' base layer should have no parameter or attribute bits
set.

By design, only 255 different base layer encapsulations are
supported. There are five base encapsulation values defined at this
time. New base encapsulations (e.g. for new media types) are expected
to be added over time.

Table 4.2 Base Layer Encoding Values
--------------------------------------

Name ID
------------------
ether2 1
llc 2
snap 3
vsnap 4
ianaAssigned 5

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

5.2.1. Ether2 Encapsulation

ether2 PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES {
hasChildren(0),
addressRecognitionCapable(1)
}
DESCRIPTION
"DIX Ethernet, also called Ethernet-II."
CHILDREN
"The Ethernet-II type field is used to select child protocols.
This is a 16-bit field. Child protocols are deemed to start at
the first octet after this type field.

Children of this protocol are encoded as [ 0.0.0.1 ], the
protocol identifier for 'ether2' followed by [ 0.0.a.b ] where
'a' and 'b' are the network byte order encodings of the MSB and
LSB of the Ethernet-II type value.

For example, a protocolDirID-fragment value of:
0.0.0.1.0.0.8.0 defines IP encapsulated in ether2.

Children of are named as 'ether2' followed by the type field
value in hexadecimal. The above example would be declared as:
ether2 0x0800"
ADDRESS-FORMAT
"Ethernet addresses are 6 octets in network order."
DECODING
"Only type values greater than or equal to 1500 decimal indicate
Ethernet-II frames; lower values indicate 802.3 encapsulation
(see below)."
REFERENCE
"A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Ethernet
Networks; RFC 894 [RFC894].

The authoritative list of Ether Type values is identified by the
URL:

ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/ethernet-numbers"
::= { 1 }

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5.2.2. LLC Encapsulation

llc PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES {
hasChildren(0),
addressRecognitionCapable(1)
}
DESCRIPTION
"The LLC (802.2) protocol."
CHILDREN
"The LLC SSAP and DSAP (Source/Dest Service Access Points) are
used to select child protocols. Each of these is one octet long,
although the least significant bit is a control bit and should be
masked out in most situations. Typically SSAP and DSAP (once
masked) are the same for a given protocol - each end implicitly
knows whether it is the server or client in a client/server
protocol. This is only a convention, however, and it is possible
for them to be different. The SSAP is matched against child
protocols first. If none is found then the DSAP is matched
instead. The child protocol is deemed to start at the first
octet after the LLC control field(s).

Children of 'llc' are encoded as [ 0.0.0.2 ], the protocol
identifier component for LLC followed by [ 0.0.0.a ] where 'a' is
the SAP value which maps to the child protocol. For example, a
protocolDirID-fragment value of:
0.0.0.2.0.0.0.240

defines NetBios over LLC.

Children are named as 'llc' followed by the SAP value in
hexadecimal. So the above example would have been named:
llc 0xf0"
ADDRESS-FORMAT
"The address consists of 6 octets of MAC address in network
order. Source routing bits should be stripped out of the address
if present."
DECODING
"Notice that LLC has a variable length protocol header; there are
always three octets (DSAP, SSAP, control). Depending on the
value of the control bits in the DSAP, SSAP and control fields
there may be an additional octet of control information.

LLC can be present on several different media. For 802.3 and
802.5 its presence is mandated (but see ether2 and raw802.3
encapsulations). For 802.5 there is no other link layer
protocol.

Bierman & Iddon Standards Track [Page 22]

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Notice also that the raw802.3 link layer protocol may take
precedence over this one in a protocol specific manner such that
it may not be possible to utilize all LSAP values if raw802.3 is
also present."
REFERENCE
"The authoritative list of LLC LSAP values is controlled by the
IEEE Registration Authority:
IEEE Registration Authority
c/o Iris Ringel
IEEE Standards Dept
445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331
Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331
Phone +1 908 562 3813
Fax: +1 908 562 1571"
::= { 2 }

5.2.3. SNAP over LLC (OUI=000) Encapsulation

snap PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES {
hasChildren(0),
addressRecognitionCapable(1)
}
DESCRIPTION
"The Sub-Network Access Protocol (SNAP) is layered on top of LLC
protocol, allowing Ethernet-II protocols to be run over a media
restricted to LLC."
CHILDREN
"Children of 'snap' are identified by Ethernet-II type values;
the SNAP PID (Protocol Identifier) field is used to select the
appropriate child. The entire SNAP protocol header is consumed;
the child protocol is assumed to start at the next octet after
the PID.

Children of 'snap' are encoded as [ 0.0.0.3 ], the protocol
identifier for 'snap', followed by [ 0.0.a.b ] where 'a' and 'b'
are the MSB and LSB of the Ethernet-II type value. For example,
a protocolDirID-fragment value of:
0.0.0.3.0.0.8.0

defines the IP/SNAP protocol.

Children of this protocol are named 'snap' followed by the
Ethernet-II type value in hexadecimal. The above example would
be named:

snap 0x0800"

Bierman & Iddon Standards Track [Page 23]

RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

ADDRESS-FORMAT
"The address format for SNAP is the same as that for LLC"
DECODING
"SNAP is only present over LLC. Both SSAP and DSAP will be 0xAA
and a single control octet will be present. There are then three
octets of OUI and two octets of PID. For this encapsulation the
OUI must be 0x000000 (see 'vsnap' below for non-zero OUIs)."
REFERENCE
"SNAP Identifier values are assigned by the IEEE Standards
Office. The address is:
IEEE Registration Authority
c/o Iris Ringel
IEEE Standards Dept
445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331
Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331
Phone +1 908 562 3813
Fax: +1 908 562 1571"
::= { 3 }

5.2.4. SNAP over LLC (OUI != 000) Encapsulation

vsnap PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES {
hasChildren(0),
addressRecognitionCapable(1)
}
DESCRIPTION
"This pseudo-protocol handles all SNAP packets which do not have
a zero OUI. See 'snap' above for details of those that do."
CHILDREN
"Children of 'vsnap' are selected by the 3 octet OUI; the PID is
not parsed; child protocols are deemed to start with the first
octet of the SNAP PID field, and continue to the end of the
packet.

Children of 'vsnap' are encoded as [ 0.0.0.4 ], the protocol
identifier for 'vsnap', followed by [ 0.a.b.c.0.0.d.e ] where
'a', 'b' and 'c' are the 3 octets of the OUI field in network
byte order. This is in turn followed by the 16-bit EtherType
value, where the 'd' and 'e' represent the MSB and LSB of the
EtherType, respectively.

For example, a protocolDirID-fragment value of:
0.0.0.4.0.8.0.7.0.0.128.155
defines the AppleTalk Phase 2 protocol over vsnap.

Bierman & Iddon Standards Track [Page 24]

RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

Note that two protocolDirParameters octets must be present in
protocolDirTable INDEX values for 'vsnap' protocols. The first
protocolDirParameters octet defines the actual parameters. The
second protocolDirParameters octet is not used and must be set to
zero.

Children are named as 'vsnap(<OUI>) <ethertype>', where the
'<OUI>' field is represented as 3 octets in hexadecimal notation
or the ASCII string associated with the OUI value. The
<ethertype> field is represented by the 2 byte EtherType value in
hexadecimal notation. So the above example would be named:

'vsnap(0x080007) 0x809b' or 'vsnap(apple) 0x809b'"
ADDRESS-FORMAT
"The LLC address format is inherited by 'vsnap'. See the 'llc'
protocol identifier for more details."
DECODING
"Same as for 'snap' except the OUI is non-zero."
REFERENCE
"SNAP Identifier values are assigned by the IEEE Standards
Office. The address is:
IEEE Registration Authority
c/o Iris Ringel
IEEE Standards Dept
445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331
Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331
Phone +1 908 562 3813
Fax: +1 908 562 1571"
::= { 4 }

5.2.5. IANA Assigned Protocols

ianaAssigned PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"This branch contains protocols which do not conform easily to
the hierarchical format utilized in the other link layer
branches. Usually, such a protocol 'almost' conforms to a
particular 'well-known' identifier format, but additional
criteria are used (e.g. configuration-based), making protocol
identification difficult or impossible by examination of
appropriate network traffic. preventing the any 'well-known'
protocol-identifier macro from being used.

Bierman & Iddon Standards Track [Page 25]

RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

Sometimes well-known protocols are simply remapped to a different
port number by one or more venders (e.g. SNMP). These protocols
can be identified with the 'user-extensibility' feature of the
protocolDirTable, and do not need special IANA
assignments.

A centrally located list of these enumerated protocols must be
maintained to insure interoperability.
(See section 3.2 for details on the document update procedure.)
Support for new link-layers will be added explicitly, and only
protocols which cannot possibly be represented in a better way
will be considered as 'ianaEnumerated' protocols.

IANA assigned protocols are identified by the base-layer-selector
value [ 0.0.0.5 ], followed by the four octets [ a.b.c.d ] of the
integer value corresponding to the particular IANA protocol.

Do not create children of this protocol unless you are sure that
they cannot be handled by the more conventional link layers
above."
CHILDREN
"Children of this protocol are identified by implementation-
specific means, described (as best as possible) in the 'DECODING'
clause within the protocol-variant-identifier macro for each
enumerated protocol.

For example, a protocolDirID-fragment value of:
0.0.0.5.0.0.0.1

defines the IPX protocol encapsulated directly in 802.3

Children are named 'ianaAssigned' followed by the name or numeric
of the particular IANA assigned protocol. The above
example would be named:

'ianaAssigned 1' or 'ianaAssigned ipxOverRaw8023'"

DECODING
"The 'ianaAssigned' base layer is a pseudo-protocol and is not
decoded."
REFERENCE
"Refer to individual PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER macros for information
on each child of the IANA assigned protocol."
::= { 5 }

Bierman & Iddon Standards Track [Page 26]

RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

5.2.5.1. IANA Assigned Protocol Identifiers

The following protocol-variant-identifier macro declarations are used
to identify the RMONMIB IANA assigned protocols in a proprietary way,
by simple enumeration. Note that an additional four-octet layer
identifier may be used for some enumerations (as with the 'vsnap'
base-layer identifier). Refer to the 'CHILDREN' clause in the
protocol-identifier macro for a particular protocol to determine the
number of octets in the 'ianaAssigned' layer-identifier.

ipxOverRaw8023 PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
VARIANT-OF "ipx"
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"This pseudo-protocol describes an encapsulation of IPX over
802.3, without a type field.

Refer to the macro for IPX for additional information about this
protocol."
DECODING
"Whenever the 802.3 header indicates LLC a set of protocol
specific tests needs to be applied to determine whether this is a
'raw8023' packet or a true 802.2 packet. The nature of these
tests depends on the active child protocols for 'raw8023' and is
beyond the scope of this document."
::= { ianaAssigned 1 }

5.3. L3: Children of Base Protocol Identifiers

Network layer protocol identifier macros contain additional
information about the network layer, and is found immediately
following a base layer-identifier in a protocol identifier.

The ProtocolDirParameters supported at the network layer are
'countsFragments(0)', and 'tracksSessions(1). An agent may choose to
implement a subset of these parameters.

The protocol-name should be used for the ProtocolDirDescr field. The
ProtocolDirType ATTRIBUTES used at the network layer are
'hasChildren(0)' and 'addressRecognitionCapable(1)'. Agents may
choose to implement a subset of these attributes for each protocol,
and therefore limit which tables the indicated protocol can be
present (e.g. protocol distribution, host, and matrix tables)..

The following protocol-identifier macro declarations are given for
example purposes only. They are not intended to constitute an
exhaustive list or an authoritative source for any of the protocol

Bierman & Iddon Standards Track [Page 27]

RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

information given. However, any protocol that can encapsulate other
protocols must be documented here in order to encode the children
identifiers into protocolDirID strings. Leaf protocols should be
documented as well, but an implementation can identify a leaf
protocol even if it isn't listed here (as long as the parent is
documented).

5.3.1. IP

ip PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS {
countsFragments(0) -- This parameter applies to all child
-- protocols.
}
ATTRIBUTES {
hasChildren(0),
addressRecognitionCapable(1)
}
DESCRIPTION
"The protocol identifiers for the Internet Protocol (IP). Note
that IP may be encapsulated within itself, so more than one of
the following identifiers may be present in a particular
protocolDirID string."
CHILDREN
"Children of 'ip' are selected by the value in the Protocol field
(one octet), as defined in the PROTOCOL NUMBERS table within the
Assigned Numbers Document.

The value of the Protocol field is encoded in an octet string as
[ 0.0.0.a ], where 'a' is the protocol field .

Children of 'ip' are encoded as [ 0.0.0.a ], and named as 'ip a'
where 'a' is the protocol field value. For example, a
protocolDirID-fragment value of:
0.0.0.1.0.0.8.0.0.0.0.1

defines an encapsulation of ICMP (ether2.ip.icmp)"
ADDRESS-FORMAT
"4 octets of the IP address, in network byte order. Each ip
packet contains two addresses, the source address and the
destination address."
DECODING
"Note: ether2/ip/ipip4/udp is a different protocolDirID than
ether2/ip/udp, as identified in the protocolDirTable. As such,
two different local protocol index values will be assigned by the
agent. E.g. (full INDEX values shown):
ether2/ip/ipip4/udp 16.0.0.0.1.0.0.8.0.0.0.0.4.0.0.0.17.4.0.0.0.0
ether2/ip/udp 12.0.0.0.1.0.0.8.0.0.0.0.17.3.0.0.0 "

Bierman & Iddon Standards Track [Page 28]

RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

REFERENCE
"RFC 791 [RFC791] defines the Internet Protocol; The following
URL defines the authoritative repository for the PROTOCOL NUMBERS
Table:

ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/protocol-numbers"
::= {
ether2 0x0800,
llc 0x06,
snap 0x0800,
ip 4,
ip 94
}

5.3.2. IPX

ipx PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES {
hasChildren(0),
addressRecognitionCapable(1)
}
DESCRIPTION
"Novell IPX"
CHILDREN
"Children of IPX are defined by the 16 bit value of the
Destination Socket field. The value is encoded into an octet
string as [ 0.0.a.b ], where 'a' and 'b' are the network byte
order encodings of the MSB and LSB of the destination socket
field."
ADDRESS-FORMAT
"4 bytes of Network number followed by the 6 bytes Host address
each in network byte order".
REFERENCE
"The IPX protocol is defined by the Novell Corporation

Bierman & Iddon Standards Track [Page 29]

RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

A complete description of IPX may be secured at the following
address:
Novell, Inc.
122 East 1700 South
P. O. Box 5900
Provo, Utah 84601 USA
800 526 5463
Novell Part # 883-000780-001"
::= {
ether2 0x8137, -- 0.0.129.55
llc 0xe0e003, -- 0.224.224.3
snap 0x8137, -- 0.0.129.55
ianaAssigned 0x1 -- 0.0.0.1 (ipxOverRaw8023)
}

5.3.3. ARP

arp PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"An Address Resolution Protocol message (request or response).
This protocol does not include Reverse ARP (RARP) packets, which
are counted separately."
REFERENCE
"RFC 826 [RFC826] defines the Address Resolution Protocol."
::= {
ether2 0x806, -- [ 0.0.8.6 ]
snap 0x806
}

5.3.4. IDP

idp PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES {
hasChildren(0),
addressRecognitionCapable(1)
}
DESCRIPTION
"Xerox IDP"
CHILDREN
"Children of IDP are defined by the 8 bit value of the Packet
type field. The value is encoded into an octet string as [
0.0.0.a ], where 'a' is the value of the packet type field in
network byte order."

Bierman & Iddon Standards Track [Page 30]

RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

ADDRESS-FORMAT
"4 bytes of Network number followed by the 6 bytes Host address
each in network byte order".
REFERENCE
"Xerox Corporation, Document XNSS 028112, 1981"
::= {
ether2 0x600, -- [ 0.0.6.0 ]
snap 0x600
}

5.3.5. AppleTalk ARP

atalkarp PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol."
REFERENCE
"AppleTalk Phase 2 Protocol Specification, document ADPA
#C0144LL/A."
::= {
ether2 0x80f3, -- [ 0.0.128.243 ]
vsnap(0x080007) 0x80f3
}

5.3.6. AppleTalk

atalk PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES {
hasChildren(0),
addressRecognitionCapable(1)
}
DESCRIPTION
"AppleTalk Protocol."
CHILDREN
"Children of ATALK are defined by the 8 bit value of the DDP type
field. The value is encoded into an octet string as [ 0.0.0.a ],
where 'a' is the value of the DDP type field in network byte
order."
ADDRESS-FORMAT
"2 bytes of Network number followed by 1 byte of node id each in
network byte order".

Bierman & Iddon Standards Track [Page 31]

RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

REFERENCE
"AppleTalk Phase 2 Protocol Specification, document ADPA
#C0144LL/A."
::= {
ether2 0x809b, -- [ 0.0.128.155 ]
vsnap(0x080007) 0x809b
}

5.4. L4: Children of L3 Protocols

5.4.1. ICMP

icmp PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"Internet Message Control Protocol."
REFERENCE
"RFC 792 [RFC792] defines the Internet Control Message Protocol."
::= { ip 1 }

5.4.2. TCP

tcp PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES {
hasChildren(0)
}
DESCRIPTION
"Transmission Control Protocol."
CHILDREN
"Children of TCP are identified by the 16 bit Destination Port
value as specified in RFC 793. They are encoded as [ 0.0.a.b],
where 'a' is the MSB and 'b' is the LSB of the Destination Port
value. Both bytes are encoded in network byte order. For
example, a protocolDirId-fragment of:
0.0.0.1.0.0.8.0.0.0.0.6.0.0.0.23

identifies an encapsulation of the telnet protocol
(ether2.ip.tcp.telnet)"
REFERENCE
"RFC 793 [RFC793] defines the Transmission Control Protocol.

The following URL defines the authoritative repository for
reserved and registered TCP port values:

ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/port-numbers"
::= { ip 6 }

Bierman & Iddon Standards Track [Page 32]

RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

5.4.3. UDP

udp PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES {
hasChildren(0)
}
DESCRIPTION
"User Datagram Protocol."
CHILDREN
"Children of UDP are identified by the 16 bit Destination Port
value as specified in RFC 768. They are encoded as [ 0.0.a.b ],
where 'a' is the MSB and 'b' is the LSB of the Destination Port
value. Both bytes are encoded in network byte order. For
example, a protocolDirId-fragment of:
0.0.0.1.0.0.8.0.0.0.0.17.0.0.0.161

identifies an encapsulation of SNMP (ether2.ip.udp.snmp)"
REFERENCE
"RFC 768 [RFC768] defines the User Datagram Protocol.

The following URL defines the authoritative repository for
reserved and registered UDP port values:

ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/port-numbers"
::= { ip 17 }

5.5. L5: Application Layer Protocols

5.5.1. FTP

5.5.1.1. FTP-DATA

ftp-data PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"The File Transfer Protocol Data Port; the FTP Server process
default data-connection port. "
REFERENCE
"RFC 959 [RFC959] defines the File Transfer Protocol. Refer to
section 3.2 of [RFC959] for details on FTP data connections."
::= { tcp 20 }

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

5.5.1.2. FTP Control

ftp PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"The File Transfer Protocol Control Port; An FTP client initiates
an FTP control connection by sending FTP commands from user port
(U) to this port."
REFERENCE
"RFC 959 [RFC959] defines the File Transfer Protocol."
::= { tcp 21 }

5.5.2. Telnet

telnet PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"The Telnet Protocol; The purpose of the TELNET Protocol is to
provide a fairly general, bi-directional, eight-bit byte oriented
communications facility. Its primary goal is to allow a standard
method of interfacing terminal devices and terminal-oriented
processes to each other. "
REFERENCE
"RFC 854 [RFC854] defines the basic Telnet Protocol."
::= { tcp 23 }

5.5.3. SMTP

smtp PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol; SMTP control and data
messages are sent on this port."
REFERENCE
"RFC 821 [RFC821] defines the basic Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol."
::= { tcp 25 }

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

5.5.4. DNS

domain PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"Domain Name Service Protocol; DNS may be transported by either
UDP [RFC768] or TCP [RFC793]. If the transport is UDP, DNS
requests restricted to 512 bytes in length may be sent to this
port."
REFERENCE
"RFC 1035 [RFC1035] defines the Bootstrap Protocol."
::= { udp 53,
tcp 53 }

5.5.5. BOOTP

5.5.5.1. Bootstrap Server Protocol

bootps PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"Bootstrap Protocol Server Protocol; BOOTP Clients send requests
(usually broadcast) to the bootps port."
REFERENCE
"RFC 951 [RFC951] defines the Bootstrap Protocol."
::= { udp 67 }

5.5.5.2. Bootstrap Client Protocol

bootpc PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"Bootstrap Protocol Client Protocol; BOOTP Server replies are
sent to the BOOTP Client using this destination port."
REFERENCE
"RFC 951 [RFC951] defines the Bootstrap Protocol."
::= { udp 68 }

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5.5.6. TFTP

tftp PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS {
tracksSessions(1)
}
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"Trivial File Transfer Protocol; Only the first packet of each
TFTP transaction will be sent to port 69. If the tracksSessions
attribute is set, then packets for each TFTP transaction will be
attributed to tftp, instead of the unregistered port numbers that
will be encoded in subsequent packets."
REFERENCE
"RFC 1350 [RFC1350] defines the TFTP Protocol (revision 2); RFC
1782 [RFC1782] defines TFTP Option Extensions; RFC 1783 [RFC1783]
defines the TFTP Blocksize Option; RFC 1784 [RFC1784] defines
TFTP Timeout Interval and Transfer Size Options."

::= { udp 69 }

5.5.7. HTTP

www-http PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"Hypertext Transfer Protocol; "
REFERENCE
"RFC 1945 [RFC1945] defines the Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP/1.0)."
::= { tcp 80 }

5.5.8. POP3

pop3 PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"Post Office Protocol -- Version 3. Clients establish connections
with POP3 servers by using this destination port number."
REFERENCE
"RFC 1725 [RFC1725] defines Version 3 of the Post Office
Protocol."
::= { tcp 110 }

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5.5.9. SUNRPC

sunrpc PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES {
hasChildren(0) -- port mapper function numbers
}
DESCRIPTION
"SUN Remote Procedure Call Protocol. Port mapper function
requests are sent to this destination port."
CHILDREN
Specific RPC functions are represented as children of the sunrpc
protocol. Each 'RPC function protocol' is identified by its
function number assignment. RPC function number assignments are
defined by different naming authorities, depending of the
function identifier value.
From [RFC1831]:

Program numbers are given out in groups of hexadecimal 20000000
(decimal 536870912) according to the following chart:

0 - 1fffffff defined by [email protected]
20000000 - 3fffffff defined by user
40000000 - 5fffffff transient
60000000 - 7fffffff reserved
80000000 - 9fffffff reserved
a0000000 - bfffffff reserved
c0000000 - dfffffff reserved
e0000000 - ffffffff reserved

Children of 'sunrpc' are encoded as [ 0.0.0.111], the protocol
identifier component for 'sunrpc', followed by [ a.b.c.d ], where
a.b.c.d is the 32 bit binary RPC program number encoded in
network byte order. For example, a protocolDirID-fragment value
of:
0.0.0.111.0.1.134.163

defines the NFS function (and protocol).

Children are named as 'sunrpc' followed by the RPC function
number in base 10 format. For example, NFS would be named:
'sunrpc 100003'.
REFERENCE
"RFC 1831 [RFC1831] defines the Remote Procedure Call Protocol
Version 2. The authoritative list of RPC Functions is identified
by the URL:
ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/sun-rpc-numbers"
::= { udp 111 }

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5.5.10. NFS

nfs PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS {
countsFragments(0)
}
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"Sun Network File System (NFS);"
DECODING
"The first packet in an NFS transaction is sent to the port-
mapper, and therefore decoded statically by monitoring RFC
portmap requests [RFC1831]. Any subsequent NFS fragments must be
decoded and correctly identified by 'remembering' the port
assignments used in each RPC function call (as identified
according to the procedures in the RPC Specification Version 2
[RFC1831]).

The 'countsFragments(0)' PARAMETER bit is used to indicate
whether the probe can (and should) monitor portmapper activity to
correctly attribute all NFS packets."
REFERENCE
"The NFS Version 3 Protocol Specification is defined in RFC 1813
[RFC1813]."
::= {
sunrpc 100003 -- [0.1.134.163]
}

5.5.11. SNMP

5.5.11.1. SNMP Request/Response

snmp PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"Simple Network Management Protocol. Includes SNMPv1 and SNMPv2
protocol versions. Does not include SNMP trap packets."
REFERENCE
"The SNMP SMI is defined in RFC 1902 [RFC1902]. The SNMP
protocol is defined in RFC 1905 [RFC1905]. Transport mappings
are defined in RFC 1906 [RFC1906]; RFC 1420 (SNMP over IPX)
[RFC1420]; RFC 1419 (SNMP over AppleTalk) [RFC1419]."
::= {
udp 161,
ipx 0x900f, -- [ 0.0.144.15 ]
atalk 8
}

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5.5.11.2. SNMP Trap

snmptrap PROTOCOL-IDENTIFIER
PARAMETERS { }
ATTRIBUTES { }
DESCRIPTION
"Simple Network Management Protocol Trap Port."
REFERENCE
"The SNMP SMI is defined in RFC 1902 [RFC1902]. The SNMP
protocol is defined in RFC 1905 [RFC1905]. Transport mappings
are defined in RFC 1906 [RFC1906]; RFC 1420 (SNMP over IPX)
[RFC1420]; RFC 1419 (SNMP over AppleTalk) [RFC1419]."
::= {
udp 162,
ipx 0x9010,
atalk 9
}

6. Acknowledgements

This document was produced by the IETF RMONMIB Working Group.

The authors wish to thank the following people for their
contributions to this document:

Anil Singhal
Frontier Software Development, Inc.

Jeanne Haney
Bay Networks

Dan Hansen
Network General Corp.

Bierman & Iddon Standards Track [Page 39]

RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

7. References

[RFC768]
Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
USC/Information Sciences Institute, August 1980.

[RFC791]
Postel, J., ed., "Internet Protocol - DARPA Internet Program
Protocol Specification", STD 5, RFC 791, USC/Information Sciences
Institute, September 1981.

[RFC792]
Postel, J., "Internet Control Message Protocol - DARPA Internet
Program Protocol Specification", STD 5, RFC 792, USC/Information
Sciences Institute, September 1981.

[RFC793]
Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol - DARPA Internet Program
Protocol Specification", STD 5, RFC 793, USC/Information Sciences
Institute, September 1981.

[RFC821]
Postel, J., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", STD 10, RFC 821,
USC/Information Sciences Institute, August 1982.

[RFC826]
Plummer, D., "An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol or
"Converting Network Protocol Addresses to 48-bit Ethernet Addresses
for Transmission on Ethernet Hardware", STD 37, RFC 826, MIT-LCS,
November 1982.

[RFC854]
Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Telnet Protocol Specification",
STD 8, RFC 854, ISI, May 1983.

[RFC894]
Hornig, C., "A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over
Ethernet Networks", RFC 894, Symbolics, April 1984.

[RFC951]
Croft, B., and J. Gilmore, "BOOTSTRAP Protocol (BOOTP)", RFC 951,
Stanford and SUN Microsytems, September 1985.

[RFC959]
Postel, J., and J. Reynolds, "File Transfer Protocol", STD 8,
RFC 959, USC/Information Sciences Institute, October 1985.

Bierman & Iddon Standards Track [Page 40]

RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

[RFC1035]
Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Implementation and Specification",
STD 13, RFC 1035, USC/Information Sciences Institute, November
1987.

[RFC1157]
Case, J., M. Fedor, M. Schoffstall, J. Davin, "Simple Network
Management Protocol", STD 15, RFC 1157, SNMP Research,
Performance Systems International, MIT Laboratory for Computer
Science, May 1990.

[RFC1213]
McCloghrie, K., and M. Rose, Editors, "Management Information Base
for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-II", STD 17,
RFC 1213, Hughes LAN Systems, Performance Systems International,
March 1991.

[RFC1350]
Sollins, K., "TFTP Protocol (revision 2)", RFC 1350, MIT, July
1992.

[RFC1419]
Minshall, G., and M. Ritter, "SNMP over AppleTalk", RFC 1419,
Novell, Inc., Apple Computer, Inc., March 1993.

[RFC1420]
Bostock, S., "SNMP over IPX", RFC 1420, Novell, Inc., March 1993.

[RFC1700]
Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC 1700,
USC/Information Sciences Institute, October 1994.

[RFC1725]
Myers, J., and M. Rose, "Post Office Protocol - Version 3", RFC
1725, Carnegie Mellon, Dover Beach Consulting, November 1994.

[RFC1757]
S. Waldbusser, "Remote Network Monitoring MIB", RFC 1757, Carnegie
Mellon University, February 1995.

[RFC1782]
Malkin, G., and A. Harkin, T "TFTP Option Extension", RFC 1782,
Xylogics, Inc., Hewlett Packard Co., March 1995.

[RFC1783]
Malkin, G., and A. Harkin, T "TFTP BlockOption Option", RFC 1783,
Xylogics, Inc., Hewlett Packard Co., March 1995.

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

[RFC1784]
Malkin, G., and A. Harkin, "TFTP Timeout Interval and Transfer Size
Options", RFC 1784, Xylogics, Inc., Hewlett Packard Co., March
1995.

[RFC1800]
Postel, J., Editor, "Internet Official Protocol Standards", STD 1,
RFC 1920, IAB, March 1996.

[RFC1831]
Srinivasan, R., "Remote Procedure Call Protocol Version 2", RFC
1831, Sun Microsystems, Inc., August 1995.

[RFC1902]
SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and
S. Waldbusser, "Structure of Management Information for version 2
of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1902,
January 1996.

[RFC1903]
SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and
S. Waldbusser, "Textual Conventions for version 2 of the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1903, January 1996.

[RFC1904]
SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and
S. Waldbusser, "Conformance Statements for version 2 of the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1904, January 1996.

[RFC1905]
SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and
S. Waldbusser, "Protocol Operations for version 2 of the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1905, January 1996.

[RFC1906]
SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S.
Waldbusser, "Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1906, January 1996.

[RFC1945]
Berners-Lee, T., and R. Fielding, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol --
HTTP/1.0", RFC 1945, MIT/UC-Irvine, November 1995.

[RMON2]
S. Waldbusser, "Remote Network Monitoring MIB (RMON-2)", draft-
ietf-rmonmib-rmon2-03.txt, International Network Services, January
1996.

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RFC 2074 RMON Protocol Identifiers January 1997

8. Security Considerations

Security issues are not discussed in this memo.

9. Authors' Addresses

Andy Bierman
Cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134

Phone: 408-527-3711
EMail: [email protected]

Robin Iddon
3Com/AXON
40/50 Blackfrias Street
Edinburgh, UK

Phone: +44 131.558.3888
EMail: [email protected]

Bierman & Iddon Standards Track [Page 43]