MICHEAS, of Morasti, a little town in the tribe of JUDA,
was contemporary with the prophet ISAIAS: whom he resembles
both in his spirit and his style. He is different from the
prophet MICHEAS mentioned in the third book of Kings, chap.
22. For that MICHEAS lived in the days of king ACHAB, one
hundred and fifty years before the time of EZECHIAS, under
whom this MICHEAS prophesied.
Micheas Chapter 1
Samaria for her sins shall be destroyed by the Assyrians;
they shall also invade Juda and Jerusalem.
1:1. The word of the Lord, that came to Micheas, the
Morasthite, in the days of Joathan, Achaz, and Ezechias,
kings of Juda: which he saw concerning Samaria and
Jerusalem.
1:2. Hear, all ye people: and let the earth give ear, and
all that is therein: and let the Lord God be a witness to
you, the Lord from his holy temple.
1:3. For behold the Lord will come forth out of his place:
and he will come down, and will tread upon the high places
of the earth.
1:4. And the mountains shall be melted under him: and the
valleys shall be cleft, as wax before the fire, and as
waters that run down a steep place.
1:5. For the wickedness of Jacob is all this, and for the
sins of the house of Israel. What is the wickedness of
Jacob? is it not Samaria? and what are the high places of
Juda? are they not Jerusalem?
1:6. And I will make Samaria as a heap of stones in the
field when a vineyard is planted: and I will bring down the
stones thereof into the valley, and will lay her
foundations bare.
1:7. And all her graven things shall be cut in pieces, and
all her wages shall be burnt with fire, and I will bring to
destruction all her idols: for they were gathered together
of the hire of a harlot, and unto the hire of a harlot they
shall return.
Her wages... That is, her donaries or presents offered to
her idols: or the hire of all her traffic and labour.
Ibid. Of the hire of a harlot, etc... They were gathered
together by one idolatrous city, viz., Samaria: and they
shall be carried away to another idolatrous city, viz.,
Ninive.
1:8. Therefore will I lament, and howl: I will go stript
and naked: I will make a wailing like the dragons, and a
mourning like the ostriches.
1:9. Because her wound is desperate, because it is come
even to Juda, it hath touched the gate of my people, even
to Jerusalem.
It hath touched the gate, etc... That is, the destruction
of Samaria shall be followed by the invasion of my people
of Juda, and the Assyrians shall come and lay all waste
even to the confines of Jerusalem.
1:10. Declare ye it not in Geth, weep ye not with tears: in
the house of Dust sprinkle yourselves with dust.
Declare ye it not in Geth... Viz., amongst the
Philistines, lest they rejoice at your calamity.-Ibid.
Weep ye not, etc... Keep in your tears, that you may not
give your enemies an occasion of insulting over you; but
in your own houses, or in your house of dust, your
earthly habitation, sprinkle yourselves with dust, and
put on the habit of penitents. Some take the house of
dust (in Hebrew, Aphrah) to be the proper name of a
city.
1:11. And pass away, O thou that dwellest in the beautiful
place, covered with thy shame: she went not forth that
dwelleth in the confines: the house adjoining shall receive
mourning from you, which stood by herself.
Thou that dwellest in the Beautiful place, viz., in
Samaria. In the Hebrew the Beautiful place is expressed
by the word Sapir, which some take for the proper name of
a city.-Ibid. She went not forth, etc... that is, they
that dwelt in the confines came not forth, but kept
themselves within, for fear.-Ibid. The house
adjoining,etc... Viz., Judea and Jerusalem, neighbours to
Samaria, and partners in her sins, shall share also in
her mourning and calamity; though they have pretended to
stand by themselves, trusting in their strength.
1:12. For she is become weak unto good that dwelleth in
bitterness: for evil is come down from the Lord into the
gate of Jerusalem.
She is become weak, etc... Jerusalem is become weak unto
any good; because she dwells in the bitterness of sin.
1:13. A tumult of chariots hath astonished the inhabitants
of Lachis: it is the beginning of sin to the daughter of
Sion for in thee were found the crimes of Israel.
It is the beginning, etc... That is, Lachis was the first
city of Juda that learned from Samaria the worship of
idols, and communicated it to Jerusalem.
1:14. Therefore shall she send messengers to the
inheritance of Geth: the houses of lying to deceive the
kings of Israel.
Therefore shall she send, etc... Lachis shall send to
Geth for help: but in vain: for Geth, instead of helping,
shall be found to be a house of lying and deceit to
Israel.
1:15. Yet will I bring an heir to thee that dwellest in
Maresa: even to Odollam shall the glory of Israel come.
An heir, etc... Maresa (which was the name of a city of
Juda) signifies inheritance: but here God by his prophet
tells the Jews, that he will bring them an heir to take
possession of their inheritance: and that the glory of
Israel shall be obliged to give place, and to retire even
to Odollam, a city in the extremity of their dominions.
And therefore he exhorts them to penance in the following
verse.
1:16. Make thee bald, and be polled for thy delicate
children: enlarge thy baldness as the eagle: for they are
carried into captivity from thee.
Micheas Chapter 2
The Israelites by their crying injustices provoke God to
punish them. He shall at last restore Jacob.
2:1. Woe to you that devise that which is unprofitable, and
work evil in your beds: in the morning light they execute
it, because their hand is against God.
2:2. And they have coveted fields, and taken them by
violence, and houses they have forcibly taken away: and
oppressed a man and his house, a man and his inheritance.
2:3. Therefore thus saith the Lord: Behold I devise an evil
against this family: from which you shall not withdraw your
necks, and you shall not walk haughtily, for this is a very
evil time.
2:4. In that day a parable shall be taken up upon you, and
a song shall be sung with melody by them that say: We are
laid waste and spoiled: the portion of my people is
changed: how shall he depart from me, whereas he is
returning that will divide our land?
How shall he depart, etc... How do you pretend to say
that the Assyrian is departing; when indeed he is coming
to divide our lands amongst his subjects?
2:5. Therefore thou shalt have none that shall cast the
cord of a lot in the assembly of the Lord.
Thou shalt have none, etc... Thou shalt have no longer
any lot or inheritance in the land of the people of the
Lord.
2:6. Speak ye not, saying: It shall not drop upon these,
confusion shall not take them.
It shall not drop, etc... That is, the prophecy shall not
come upon these. Such were the sentiments of the people
that were unwilling to believe the threats of the
prophets.
2:7. The house of Jacob saith: Is the Spirit of the Lord
straitened or are these his thoughts? Are not my words good
to him that walketh uprightly?
2:8. But my people, on the contrary, are risen up as an
enemy: you have taken away the cloak off from the coat: and
them that passed harmless you have turned to war.
You have taken away, etc... You have even stripped people
of their necessary garments: and have treated such as
were innocently passing on the way, as if they were at
war with you.
2:9. You have cast out the women of my people from their
houses, in which they took delight: you have taken my
praise forever from their children.
You have cast out, etc... either by depriving them of
their houses: or, by your crimes, given occasion to their
being carried away captives, and their children, by that
means, never learning to praise the Lord.
2:10. Arise ye, and depart, for there is no rest here for
you. For that uncleanness of the land, it shall be
corrupted with a grievous corruption.
2:11. Would God I were not a man that hath the spirit, and
that I rather spoke a lie: I will let drop to thee of wine,
and of drunkeness: and it shall be this people upon whom it
shall drop.
Would God, etc... The prophet could have wished, out of
his love to his people, that he might be deceived in
denouncing to them these evils that were to fall upon
them: but by conforming himself to the will of God, he
declares to them, that he is sent to prophesy, literally
to let drop upon them, the wine of God's indignation,
with which they should be made drunk; that is, stupified
and cast down.
2:12. I will assemble and gather together all of thee, O
Jacob: I will bring together the remnant of Israel, I will
put them together as a flock in the fold, as sheep in the
midst of the sheepcotes, they shall make a tumult by reason
of the multitude of men.
2:13. For he shall go up that shall open the way before
them: they shall divide and pass through the gate, and
shall come in by it: and their king shall pass before them,
and the Lord at the head of them.
Micheas Chapter 3
For the sins of the rich oppressing the poor, of false
prophets flattering for lucre, and of judges perverting
justice, Jerusalem and the temple shall be destroyed.
3:1. And I said: Hear, O ye princes of Jacob, and ye chiefs
of the house of Israel: Is it not your part to know
judgment,
3:2. You that hate good, and love evil: that violently
pluck off their skins from them and their flesh from their
bones?
3:3. Who have eaten the flesh of my people, and have flayed
their skin off them: and have broken, and chopped their
bones as for the kettle, and as flesh in the midst of the
pot.
3:4. Then shall they cry to the Lord, and he will not hear
them: and he will hide his face from them at that time, as
they have behaved wickedly in their devices.
3:5. Thus saith the Lord concerning the prophets that make
my people err: that bite with their teeth, and preach
peace: and if a man give not something into their mouth,
they prepare war against him.
3:6. Therefore night shall be to you instead of vision, and
darkness to you instead of divination: and the sun shall go
down upon the prophets, and the day shall be darkened over
them.
3:7. And they shall be confounded that see visions, and the
diviners shall be confounded: and they shall all cover
their faces, because there is no answer of God.
3:8. But yet I am filled with the strength of the spirit of
the Lord, with judgment and power: to declare unto Jacob
his wickedness and to Israel his sin.
3:9. Hear this, ye princes of the house of Jacob, and ye
judges of the house of Israel: you that abhor judgment and
pervert all that is right.
3:10. You that build up Sion with blood, and Jerusalem with
iniquity.
3:11. Her princes have judged for bribes: and her priests
have taught for hire, and her prophets divined for money:
and they leaned upon the Lord, saying: Is not the Lord in
the midst of us? no evil shall come among us.
3:12. Therefore because of you, Sion shall be ploughed as a
field, and Jerusalem shall be as a heap of stones, and the
mountain of the temple as the high places of the forests.
Micheas Chapter 4
The glory of the church of Christ, by the conversion of the
Gentiles. The Jews shall be carried captives to Babylon,
and be delivered again.
4:1. And it shall come to pass in the last days, that the
mountain of the house of the Lord shall be prepared in the
top of the mountains, and high above the hills: and people
shall flow to it.
4:2. And many nations shall come in haste, and say: Come,
let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, and to the house
of the God of Jacob: and he will teach us of his ways, and
we will walk in his paths: for the law shall go forth out
of Sion, and the word of the Lord out of Jerusalem.
4:3. And he shall judge among many people, and rebuke
strong nations afar off: and they shall beat their swords
into ploughshares, and their spears into spades: nation
shall not take sword against nation: neither shall they
learn war anymore.
Neither shall they learn, etc... The law of Christ is a
law of peace; and all his true subjects, as much as lies
in them love and keep peace with all the world.
4:4. And every man shall sit under his vine, and under his
fig tree, and there shall be none to make them afraid, for
the mouth of the Lord of hosts hath spoken.
4:5. For all people will walk every one in the name of his
god: but we will walk in the name of the Lord, our God, for
ever and ever.
4:6. In that day, saith the Lord, I will gather up her that
halteth: and her that I had cast out, I will gather up: and
her whom I had afflicted.
4:7. And I will make her that halted, a remnant: and her
that had been afflicted, a mighty nation: and the Lord will
reign over them in Mount Sion, from this time now and
forever.
4:8. And thou, O cloudy tower of the flock, of the daughter
of Sion, unto thee shall it come: yea the first power shall
come, the kingdom to the daughter of Jerusalem.
4:9. Now, why art thou drawn together with grief? Hast thou
no king in thee, or is thy counselor perished, because
sorrow hath taken thee as a woman in labour.
4:10. Be in pain and labour, O daughter of Sion, as a woman
that bringeth forth: for now shalt thou go out of the city,
and shalt dwell in the country, and shalt come even to
Babylon, there thou shalt be delivered: there the Lord will
redeem thee out of the hand of thy enemies.
4:11. And now many nations are gathered together against
thee, and they say: Let her be stoned: and let our eye look
upon Sion.
4:12. But they have not known the thoughts of the Lord, and
have not understood his counsel: because he hath gathered
them together as the hay of the floor.
4:13. Arise, and tread, O daughter of Sion: for I will make
thy horn iron, and thy hoofs I will make brass: and thou
shalt beat in pieces many peoples, and shalt immolate the
spoils of them to the Lord, and their strength to the Lord
of the whole earth.
Micheas Chapter 5
The birth of Christ in Bethlehem: his reign and spiritual
conquests.
5:1. Now shalt thou be laid waste, O daughter of the
robber: they have laid siege against us, with a rod shall
they strike the cheek of the judge of Israel.
Daughter of the robber... Some understand this of
Babylon; which robbed and pillaged the temple of God:
others understand it of Jerusalem; by reason of the many
rapines and oppressions committed there.
5:2. And thou Bethlehem Ephrata, art a little one among the
thousands of Juda, out of thee shall he come forth unto me
that is to be the ruler in Israel: and his going forth is
from the beginning, from the days of eternity.
His going forth, etc... That is, he who as man shall be
born in thee, as God was born of his Father from all
eternity.
5:3. Therefore will he give them up even till the time
wherein she that travaileth shall bring forth: and the
remnant of his brethren shall be converted to the children
of Israel.
5:4. And he shall stand, and feed in the strength of the
Lord, in the height of the name of the Lord, his God: and
they shall be converted, for now shall he be magnified even
to the ends of the earth.
5:5. And this man shall be our peace, when the Assyrian
shall come into our land, and when he shall set his foot in
our houses: and we shall raise against him seven shepherds,
and eight principal men.
The Assyrian... That is, the persecutors of the church:
who are here called Assyrians by the prophet: because the
Assyrians were at that time the chief enemies and
persecutors of the people of God.-Ibid. Seven shepherds,
etc... Viz., the pastors of God's church, and the
defenders of the faith. The number seven in scripture is
taken to signify many: and when eight is joined with it,
we are to understand that the number will be very great.
5:6. And they shall feed the land of Assyria with the
sword, and the land of Nemrod with the spears thereof: and
he shall deliver us from the Assyrian when he shall come
into our land, and when he shall tread in our borders.
They shall feed, etc... They shall make spiritual
conquests in the lands of their persecutors, with the
word of the spirit, which is the word of God. Eph. 6.17.
5:7. And the remnant of Jacob shall be in the midst of many
peoples, as a dew from the Lord, and as drops upon the
grass, which waiteth not for man, nor tarrieth for the
children of men.
The remnant of Jacob... Viz., the apostles, and the first
preachers of the Jewish nation; whose doctrine, like dew,
shall make the plants of the converted Gentiles grow up,
without waiting for any man to cultivate them by human
learning.
5:8. And the remnant of Jacob shall be among the Gentiles,
in the midst of many peoples, as a lion among the beasts of
the forests, and as a young lion among the flocks of sheep:
who, when he shall go through, and tread down, and take
there is none to deliver.
As a lion, etc... This denotes the fortitude of these
first preachers; and their success in their spiritual
enterprises.
5:9. Thy hand shall be lifted up over thy enemies, and all
thy enemies shall be cut off.
5:10. And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the
Lord, that I will take away thy horses out of the midst of
thee, and will destroy thy chariots.
I will take away thy horses, etc... Some understand this,
and all that follows to the end of the chapter, as
addressed to the enemies of the church. But it may as
well be understood of the converts to the church: who
should no longer put their trust in any of these things.
5:11. And I will destroy the cities of thy land, and will
throw down all thy strong holds, and I will take away
sorceries out of thy hand, and there shall be no
divinations in thee.
5:12. And I will destroy thy graven things, and thy
statues, out of the midst of thee: and thou shalt no more
adore the works of thy hands.
5:13. And I will pluck up thy groves out of the midst of
thee: and will crush thy cities.
5:14. And I will execute vengeance in wrath, and in
indignation, among all the nations that have not given ear.
Micheas Chapter 6
God expostulates with the Jews for their ingratitude and
sins: for which they shall be punished.
6:1. Hear ye what the Lord saith: Arise, contend thou in
judgment against the mountains, and let the hills hear thy
voice.
The mountains, etc... That is, the great ones, the
princes of the people.
6:2. Let the mountains hear the judgment of the Lord, and
the strong foundations of the earth: for the Lord will
enter into judgment with his people, and he will plead
against Israel.
6:3. O my people, what have I done to thee, or in what have
I molested thee? answer thou me.
6:4. For I brought thee up out of the land of Egypt, and
delivered thee out of the house of slaves: and I sent
before thy face Moses, and Aaron, and Mary.
6:5. O my people, remember, I pray thee, what Balach, the
king of Moab, purposed: and what Balaam, the son of Beor,
answered him, from Setim to Galgal, that thou mightest know
the justice of the Lord.
From Setim to Galgal... He puts them in mind of the
favour he did them, in not suffering them to be quite
destroyed by the evil purpose of Balach, and the wicked
counsel of Balaam: and then gives them a hint of the
wonders he wrought, in order to bring them into the land
of Promise, by stopping the course of the Jordan, in
their march from Setim to Galgal.
6:6. What shall I offer to the Lord that is worthy?
wherewith shall I kneel before the high God? shall I offer
holocausts unto him, and calves of a year old?
What shall I offer, etc... This is spoken in the person
of the people, desiring to be informed what they are to
do to please God.
6:7. May the Lord be appeased with thousands of rams, or
with many thousands of fat he goats? shall I give my
firstborn for my wickedness, the fruit of my body for the
sin of my soul?
6:8. I will shew thee, O man, what is good, and what the
Lord requireth of thee: Verily to do judgment, and to love
mercy, and to walk solicitous with thy God.
6:9. The voice of the Lord crieth to the city, and
salvation shall be to them that fear thy name: hear O ye
tribes, and who shall approve it?
6:10. As yet there is a fire in the house of the wicked,
the treasures of iniquity, and a scant measure full of
wrath.
Full of wrath, etc... That is, highly provoking in the
sight of God.
6:11. Shall I justify wicked balances, and the deceitful
weights of the bag?
6:12. By which her rich men were filled with iniquity, and
the inhabitants thereof have spoken lies, and their tongue
was deceitful in their mouth.
6:13. And I therefore began to strike thee with desolation
for thy sins.
6:14. Thou shalt eat, but shalt not be filled: and thy
humiliation shall be in the midst of thee: and thou shalt
take hold, but shalt not save: and those whom thou shalt
save, I will give up to the sword.
6:15. Thou shalt sow, but shalt not reap: thou shalt tread
the olives, but shalt not be anointed with oil: and the new
wine, but shalt not drink the wine.
6:16. For thou hast kept the statutes of Amri, and all the
works of the house of Achab: and thou hast walked according
their wills, that I should make thee a desolation, and the
inhabitants thereof a hissing, and you shall bear the
reproach of my people.
The statutes of Amri, etc... The wicked ways of Amri and
Achab, idolatrous kings.
Micheas Chapter 7
The prophet laments, that notwithstanding all his
preaching, the generality are still corrupt in their
manners: therefore their desolation is at hand: but they
shall be restored again and prosper; and all mankind shall
be redeemed by Christ.
7:1. Woe is me, for I am become as one that gleaneth in
autumn the grapes of the vintage: there is no cluster to
eat, my soul desired the first ripe figs.
7:2. The holy man is perished out of the earth, and there
is none upright among men: they all lie in wait for blood,
every one hunteth his brother to death.
7:3. The evil of their hands they call good: the prince
requireth, and the judge is for giving: and the great man
hath uttered the desire of his soul, and they have troubled
it.
7:4. He that is best among them, is as a brier, and he that
is righteous, as the thorn of the hedge. The day of thy
inspection, thy visitation cometh: now shall be their
destruction.
7:5. Believe not a friend, and trust not in a prince: keep
the doors of thy mouth from her that sleepeth in thy bosom.
7:6. For the son dishonoureth the father, and the daughter
riseth up against her mother, the daughter in law against
her mother in law: and a man's enemies are they of his own
household.
7:7. But I will look towards the Lord, I will wait for God,
my saviour: my God will hear me.
7:8. Rejoice not, thou my enemy, over me, because I am
fallen: I shall arise, when I sit in darkness, the Lord is
my light.
7:9. I will bear the wrath of the Lord, because I have
sinned against him: until he judge my cause, and execute
judgement for me: he will bring me forth into the light, I
shall behold his justice.
7:10. And my enemy shall behold, and she shall be covered
with shame, who saith to me: Where is the Lord thy God? my
eyes shall look down upon her: now shall she be trodden
under foot as the mire of the streets.
She shall be covered, etc... Viz., Babylon my enemy.
7:11. The day shall come, that thy walls may be built up:
in that day shall the law be far removed.
The law... Viz., of thy enemies, who have tyrannized over
thee.
7:12. In that day they shall come even from Assyria to
thee, and to the fortified cities: and from the fortified
cities even to the river, and from sea to sea, and from
mountain to mountain.
7:13. And the land shall be made desolate because of the
inhabitants thereof, and for the fruit of their devices.
The land, etc... Viz., of Babylon.
7:14. Feed thy people with thy rod, the flock of thy
inheritance, them that dwell alone in the forest, in the
midst of Carmel: they shall feed in Basan and Galaad,
according to the days of old.
7:15. According to the days of thy coming out of the land
of Egypt, I will shew him wonders.
7:16. The nations shall see, and shall be confounded at all
their strength: they shall put the hand upon the mouth,
their ears shall be deaf.
7:17. They shall lick the dust like serpents, as the
creeping things of the earth, they shall be disturbed in
their houses: they shall dread the Lord, our God, and shall
fear thee.
7:18. Who is a God like to thee, who takest away iniquity,
and passest by the sin of the remnant of thy inheritance?
he will send his fury in no more, because he delighteth in
mercy.
7:19. He will turn again, and have mercy on us: he will put
away our iniquities: and he will cast all our sins into the
bottom of the sea.
7:20. Thou wilt perform the truth to Jacob, the mercy to
Abraham: which thou hast sworn to our fathers from the days
of old.
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