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                   PART TWO OF TWO
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243. [V] RATIONE TEMPORIS UEL ORIGINIS NON EFFICITUR QUIS
          INCOLA BUGELLENSIS.

    Item statutum et ordinatum est quod aliqua persona
 undecumque venerit que nunc habitat uel que de cetero
 habitauerit in bugella per quantumcumque tempus  habitauerit
 In dicto loco bugelle non habeatur nec teneatur pro
 habitatore ipse nec eius heredes nisi prius receptus fuerit
 in habitatorem secundum formam aliorum statutorum. Ratione
 originis vel nativitatis eciam si stetisset et habitasset in
 bugella postquam venisset ibi ad habitandum uel eciam
 postquam ibi natus fuisset per spacium X. annorum. XX. XXX.
 XL. seu eciam tanto tempore de cuius contrario non existeret
   memoria.

243. [V] BY REASON OF TIME OR OF ORIGIN, ONE IS NOT MADE AN
          INHABITANT OF BIELLA.

    In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that
 any person or his heir, from wherever he might come who is
 now resident or who may be henceforth resident in Biella for
 whatever period of time that he may be resident in the
 aforesaid place of Biella, may be considered or held to be a
 resident unless he or his heir had been received into
 residence earlier according to the form of the other
 statutes by reason of his origin or birth if he should have
 stayed or resided in Biella before he came there to live [as
 a resident] or after he had been born there for a period of
 ten, twenty, thirty, or forty years or also at such time at
   which memory of him to the contrary does not exist.



245. 268. [VI] STANTES IN BUGELLA PRO FACULTATIBUS DEBENT
                HONERA SUBSTINERE.

    Item statutum et ordinatum est quod omnes et singuli
 homines de bugella et stantes ed habitantes ibidem debeant
 soluere et substinere cum communi et hominibus bugelle omnia
 fodra et onera eis et cuilibet ipsorum impossita et que de
 cetero imponentur per comune et homines bugelle pro terris
 et possessionibus et bonis quas nunc habent et de cetero
   habebunt in curte et territorio bugelle et Vernati.




245. 268. [VI] Those who reside in Biella or its facilities
                should pay for its honors.

    In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that
 each and every man of Biella, both those who reside there
 and those who live there, together with the men of Biella as
 well as the Commune should pay and support all of the fees
 and honors, which have been imposed on them or which might
 henceforth be imposed on them by the Commune and men of
 Biella for the lands, possessions, and goods which they now
 have or will have in the holdings and territory of Biella
   and Vernatum.

 268.
    Item statutum et ordinatum est quod quilibet habitator
 comunis bugelle. qui non stet et habitet in loco bugelle.
 non possit nec debeat recusare quin soluat honera. et
 impositiones comunis bugelle. Et si contrafecerit ipso jure
 amittat habitariam. nec vlterius habeatur pro habitore. et
   consules teneantur ei denuntiare dictum statutum.

 268.
    In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that
 any inhabitant of the Commune of Biella, who does not stay
 or remain in the  Commune of Biella proper, can not and
 should not refuse to pay the honors and impositons of the
 Commune of Biella.  And, if he should violate [this bann],
 he should lose his habitation because of this law and
 furthermore he should not be considered an inhabitant.  And,
 the consuls are obliged to announce the aforesaid statute to
   him.



246. [VII]  TERRE DE BUGELLA ET VERNATI QUE SUNT HOMINUM DE
           BUGELLA DEBENT CUM COMUNI BUGELLE HONERA
             SUBSTINERE.

    Item statutum est quod omnes terre et possessiones
 dictorum hominumde bugella quas nunc habent et de cetero
 habebunt in dictis curijs et territoriis bugelle et uernati.
 sint ex nunc tacite et expresse obligate comuni et hominibus
 bugelle pro fodris et oneribus et scuffis et alijs
 inpossitionibus soluendis et substinendis comuni et
   hominibus bugelle.

246. [VII]  THE TERRITORY OF BIELLA AND VERNATUM AND THOSE
           WHO ARE SERFS OF BIELLA SHOULD SUSTAIN THE
             HONORS OF BIELLA TOGETHER WITH THEIR COMMUNE.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that all of the
 lands and possessions of the aforesaid men of Biella, which
 they now hold and will henceforth hold in the holdings and
 territories of Biella and Vernatum, are now tacitly abd
 expressly obligated to the Commune of Biella for dues,
 honors, scuffi (military services?), and other impositions
   which are paid to and support the Commune and men of Biella.


249. [VIII] FATIENTES CONFEDERATIONEM PER CONSULES
             PUNIANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona de bugella siue
 stans habitansibidem cuiuscumque condicionis aut status
 existat non debeat nec pressumatfacere aliquod sacramentum
 nec confederacionem cum aliqua persona et personis comuni
 collegio et uniuerssitate nisi illus sacramentum et
 confederationem quod et que facient omnes homines bugelle
 unanimes et concordes et totum comune eiusdem loci
 integraliter.  Et illa persona que contra fecerit extraatur
 de conscilio de credentia et uicinancia. et si quod dampnum
 ei fieret non restituatur ei per comune bugelle et sit
 exclussus ab omni honore et utilitate comunis bugelle. Et
 ultra hoc soluat pro pena et banno pro qualibet edomada. In
 qua perseuerauerit In dictis sacramento et confederatione.
 sol.C. pp. quousque adnegauerit in credencia. bugelle. ad
 uoluntatem ipsius credencie confederationem et sacramentum
 factam et factum.  Et si qua persona ullam fecisset
 confederationem uel sacramentum debeat manifestare Infra.
 XV. dies consulibus comunis bugelle alioquin sub jaceant
 penis suprascriptis. Et consules teneantur Inquirere
 contrafacientes siue factum fuerit tempore eorum consulatus
 uel non et ab eis et a quolibet eorum exigere penas et banna
 et denunciatores tenere priuatos. Et consules teneantur per
 eorum sacramentum quod non possint poni nec concionari. In
 credencia nec in conscilio tempore eorum consulatus quod
 dictum statutum cassetur nec quod aliquid fiat contra dictum
 statutum et qui concionauerit contra aliquid soluat bannum
 pro qualibet uice sol. XX et qui aliquam fecerit
 responssionem soluat simile bannum et responssio contra hoc
   facta sit cassa et nullius valoris.

249. [VIII] THOSE WHO SECRETLY ACKNOWLEDGE A CONFEDERATION
             SHOULD BE PUNISHED BY THE CONSULS.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that any person of
 Biella or anyone staying or living there, of whatever
 condition or status he might be, should notand should not
 dare to make any sworn oath or agreement with any person or
 persons, commune, college, or community, unless that sworn
 oath is in accord with that or those things which all of the
 men of Biella, unanimously and in agreement, and the entire
 Commune of that place do in full.  And, the person, who
 violates [this chapter], is removed from the Council of the
 Credentia and his neighborhood.  And, if any loss which has
 been brought upon him is not reimbursed, he should be
 excluded by the Commune of Biella from every honor and
 advantage of the Commune of Biella.  And, furthermore, he
 should pay one hundred solidi pp., both as a penalty and as
 a fine for each week in which he should persevere in the
 aforesaid matters by his sworn oath and agreement and he
 should repudiate in the Credentia at the wish of that
 Credentia the agreement and the sworn oath which he has
 made.  And, if a person makes any sworn oath or agreement,
 he should make the consuls of the Commune of Biella aware of
 it within fifteen days and, if he does not comply, he will
 fall under the aforementioned penalties.  And, the consuls
 are obliged to investigate those who violate [this chapter]
 whether or not [the violation] has been done during the time
 of their consulate or not, the penalties and fines must be
 exacted by them or by anyone of them, and those who denounce
 should be kept confidential.  And the consuls are obliged on
 their sworn oath not to make a resolustion or an announce-
 ment in the Credentia or in the Council during the time of
 their consulate that the aforesaid statute be quashed or
 that any action be taken against the aforesaid statute; and,
 he, who speaks against any of this, should pay a fine of
 twenty solidi for each offence and he, who makes any
 response, should pay a similar fine and any response made
   against this is quashed and of no value.



250. [VIIII] PARATICA ET HOMINES COMUNI BUGELLE UEL
              CONSULIBUS ADVERSANTIA PUNIANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod si fuerit aliqua mestralia siue
 paraticum siue aliqua specialis persona. siue sit de
 mestralia siue non uel de paratico siue non que fuerint
 rebelles et inobedientes comuni. consulibus uel credencie
 bugelle extraatur de conscilio et credencia et uterius non
 admitatur donec rebelles et inobedientes fuerint et hoc si
 per XV. dies perseuerauerint inobedientes. Ita tamen quod
 aliquis de bugella non possit nec debeat aliquid ab ipsis
 emere uel uendere nec aliquod mercatum facere cum ipsis de
 hiis que pertineant ad illud officium siue mestraliam de quo
 uel de qua rebelles fuerint et inobedientes dicto comuni et
 qui contrafecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet uice sol.
 XX. et consules teneantur ex sacramento ponere custodes
   publicos et privatos et excutere predicta banna.

250. [VIIII] CLIQUES AND MEN HOSTILE TO THE COMMUNE AND
              CONSULS OF BIELLA SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that, if any
 mestralia (minor official?), paraticum (furrier), or any
 other special person, whether or not he is descended from a
 mestralia or paraticum, or from those who were rebels or
 disobedient to the communes, consuls, or the Credentia of
 Biella, is excluded from the Council and the Credentia, and,
 moreover, should not be admitted while they are rebellious
 and disobedient and, if this [condition] persists through
 fifteen days, they should continue to be considered
 disobedient.  Thus, it is nevertheless understood that no
 one from Biella can nor should buy or sell anything from
 them, nor conduct any business with those persons in those
 areas which pertain to the duty or function in regard to
 which they have been considered rebellious and disobedient
 to the aforesaid commune.  And, he, who violates [this
 bann], should pay twenty solidi for each and every offence.
 And, the consuls are obliged on their sworn oath to station
 public and private guards and to execute the aforesaid
   banns.



251. [X]  DE LANA PROHIBITA SEU COLORE NATURALI MUTATO.
           PANNUM QUIS FACERE SEU UENDERE NON PRESUMAT.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona de bugella siue
 stans uel habitens in bugella non ponat nec poni faciat in
 panno de albaxio pila bouis vace uel capre tinta uel
 colorata siue non tinta alterius coloris quam sit. uel
 aliqua alia pila prohibita nec aliquam lanam tinctam tractam
 de suo colore naturali et qui contrafecerit soluat pro
 quolibet et qualibet vice sol. X. pp. et perdat pannum. et
 bannum et pannum perueniat in comunis et quod nullus homo
 debeat dare suam lanam ad batandum alicui persone que non
 fecerit saluitatem coram consulibus quod non laborabit
 aliquam ex predictis kanis prohibitis. et qui in aliquo
 contrafecerit soluat bannum predictum et perueniat in pena
 dicti statuti. et quod nulla persona. vendat uel uendere
 faciat. in bugella nec etiam tenere in mercato bugelle
 pannum. In quo sit aiqua ex predictis. Et qui contra in
 aliquo fecerit soluat bannum ut supra et perdat pannum et
 perueniat in comuni et quilibet possit eos accusare et
 denunciare et capere pannum. dum modo consignet consulibus
 et habeat suam partem banni et panni. et consules teneantur
 dictos denunciatores et accussatores tenere priuatos. et
   contra omnia predicta inquirere.

251. [X]  CONCERNING THAT WHICH IS PROHIBIED OR WHICH HAS
         BEEN CHANGED FROM ITS NATURAL COLOR.  A MEASURE OF
         CLOTH WHICH ONE SHOULD NOT PRESUME TO MAKE OR
           SELL.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that any one from
 Biella, whether staying or living in Biella, may not place
 nor may cause the hides of bulls, cows, or goats to be
 placed in a pool (vat) of albaxium (bleach?), whether or not
 the hides are dyed to another color.  [This bann also
 includes] any other protected hide or any wool dyed or drawn
 out of its natural color.  And he, who violates [this bann],
 should pay ten solidi pp. and he loses the pool (vat).  Both
 the fine and the vat fall to the commune.  And, [it is
 understood] that no man should give his wool to any person
 to have it dressed who has not given surety in the presence
 of the consuls because he will not work on any of the
 aforesaid protected hides, and he, who violates this statute
 in any way, should pay the aforesaid fine and [the fine]
 falls [to the Commune] as a penalty of the aforesaid
 statute.  And, [it is understood] that no person should sell
 or cause any vat to be sold or kept in Biella or in the
 market place of Biella.  In the case of anyone of these
 things, he, who violates [this chapter] in any way, should
 pay the fine as above and he loses the vat and it falls to
 the commune.  And, anyone can denounce and accuse them and
 keep the vat while he informs the consuls.  And, he should
 have his portion of the fine and the vat and the consuls are
 obliged to keep the aforesaid denouncers and accusers
 confidential; they are also obliged to investigate all of
   the aforesaid matters.



 252. [XI] NON SIT CONSUL PARATICI NON EST DE BUGELLA.

    Item statutum est quod nullum collegium siue paraticum
 possit leuare aliquem consulem qui not sit de bugella et
 habitator bugelle. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro
 qualibet vice et quolibet collegio sol. XX. pp. et predictus
   consul cassetur.

252. [XI] THERE SHOULD NOT BE A CONSUL OF AN ASSOCIATION WHO
           IS NOT FROM BIELLA.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no college or
 paraticum (furrier) can elevate a person to the consulate
 who is not from Biella or an inhabitant of Biella.  And, the
 college or furrier, who violates [this bann], should pay a
 fine of twenty solidi pp. for each offence and college and
   the aforesaid consul(-elect) is quashed.



253. [XII] QUID IURENT CONSULES PARATICORUM CONSULIBUS DE
          BUGELLA. ET QUID CONSULES COMUNIS FACERE
            TENEANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod consules comunis teneantur omni
 anno tempore quo recipiunt seguertas facere. Iurare ad
 sancta dei euangelia omnes consules cuiuslibet collegij siue
 paratici loci bugelle quod ipsi consules nec aliquis ipsorum
 de collegio vtentur aliquibus statuti nisi aprobatis per
 comune bugelle et consules teneantur facere fieri unum
 librum in quo ponantur omnia statuta paraticorum comprobata.
 per comune et hoc intelligatur quod non vtentur aliquibus
 statutis uel ordinamentis qui sint contra honorem et
   vtilitate, comunis bugelle.
253. [XII] WHAT THE CONSUL OF AN ASSOCIATION SHOULD SWEAR TO
          THE CONSULS OF BIELLA AND WHAT THE CONSULS OF THE
            COMMUNE ARE OBLIGED TO DO.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that the consuls
 of the Commune are obliged every year at that time which
 they receive their sequertae (retinue) should cause all of
 the consuls of each college or pariticum of the locale of
 Biella to swear that neither of the consuls nor anyone  of
 their college should use any statutes unless [they have
 been] approved of by the Commune of Biella; and the consuls
 are obliged to see to it that all of the statutes of the
 pariticum approved of by the Commune are in place. And, [it
 is understood] for this purpose that no statutes which are
 contrary to the honor or expediency of the Commune of Biella
   should be employed.


254. [XIII] HABITANTES EXTRA PORTAM QUOD SACRAMENTUM FACERE
             TENEANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod omnes habitantes extra portas
 bugelle. debeant facere saluitatem et Iurare accusare omnes
 rumpentes et menantes rugiam prope canales per. quatur
 perticas. et facientes aliquod dampnum alicui uel comuni. et
 quod non receptabunt nec ement aliquod buschum captum uel
 portatum per aliquem personam. et si siuerint aliquem
 portentem uel recipientem uel ementem extra portas bugelle
 accusabunt consulibus Infra VIII. dies post quam siuerint et
   consules super hijs teneantur inquirere.

254. [XIII] WHICH SWORN OATH THOSE WHO LIVE OUTSIDE OF THE
             GATE ARE OBLIGED TO KEEP.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that all persons
 who are living outside of the gates should give surety and
 swear that they will accuse all who damage and occupy the
 embankment along the canals for a distance of four perticas
 who cause any loss to the embankment or to the commune.
 And, [it is understood] that they will not receive nor buy
 any firewood taken or carried off by any person and, if they
 have become aware of someone who is carrying off, accepting
 or selling (firewood) outside of Biella, they will make an
 accusation to the consuls within eight days after they have
 been made aware [of the misdeed] and the consuls are
   required to investigate these matters.



255. [XIIII] AD CREDENTIAM NON DUCATUR QUI NON FUERIT
              HABITATOR.

    Item statutum est quod nullus consul alicuius collegij
 possit ducere aliquem in credenciam qui non sit recpetus in
 habitatorem bugelle Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol>
   XX. pp.

255. [XIIII] HE WHO IS NOT AN INHABITANT (OF BIELLA) SHOULD
              NOT BE BROUGHT BEFORE THE CREDENTIA.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no Consul of
 any college can bring anyone into the Credentia who has not
 been accepted as an inhabitant of Biella.  And he, who
   violates [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp.



256. [XV] QUANDO MASNENGI UT FATIANT SALUITATEM PER DOMINOS
           SINT CONSULIBUS PRESENTANDI.

    Item statutum est quod omnes et singuli tenentes
 uasallos in bugella pressentent ipsos consulibus bugelle,
 adjurandum saluitatem usque ad natiuitatem domini, et qui
 eose postea firmauerit. Infra. XV. dies post quam eos
 firmauerit. et qui contrafecereit soluat bannum pro quolibet
   et qualibet vice.sol.V.et pro quolibet mensse sol.V. pp.

256. [XV] WHEN VASSSALS SHOULD BE PRESENTED TO THE CONSULS
         BY THEIR LORDS TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE PROTECTION
           (i.e., SWEAR FEALTY).

    In the same way, it has been decreed that each and
 every person who maintains vassals in Biella should present
 them to the Consuls of Biella to take an oath of support
 (fealty) until the Feast Day of the Nativity of the Lord,
 and afterwards he should confirm them within fifteen days
 after the one on which he had first taken them.  And, he,
 who violates [this chapter] should pay a fine of five solidi
 for each and every offence and five solidi pp. for each
   month [the violation persists].



257. [XVI]  FORENSIS HABITANS IN BUGELLA COMUNITATIBUS NON
           UTATUR DONEC SECUNDUM STATUTA PRESTITERIT
             CAUTIONEM.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua uel....Vniuerssitas de
 extra bugellam que nunc state de cetero uenerit habitandum
 et standum in bugella. siue in eius curte et territorio non
 possit nec debeat pascare nec boscare In comunibus et
 buschis et pascuis bugelle nec super eius curte et
 territorio nisi prius fecerit bonam et ydoneam securitatem
 de  soluendis comuni et hominibus bugelle. fodris sacijs
 scuffis et alijs impossicionibus, sicut alij homines stantes
 et habitantes in bugellam et qui contrafecerit soluat pro
 quolibet et qualibet vice sol.XX.pp. et consules per eorum
 sacramentum.  Incontinenti expellere et expelli facere
 teneantur pascantes et boscantes et contra predicta
   facientes.

257. [XVI]  A FOREIGNER LIVING IN BIELLA SHOULD NOT TAKE
           ADVANTAGE (OF THE BENEFITS) OF THE COMMUNITIES
           UNTIL HE EXHIBTS A BOND ACCORDING TO THE
             STATUTE.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that any or
 [....blank....] community from outside of Biella who now
 resides in or who will henceforth come to live and reside in
 Biella or in its holding or territory can not and should not
 graze or pasture (his animals or flocks) in the communes,
 thickets, and meadows of Biella nor its holding or
 territory, unless he has made or will have made good and
 suitable surety by paying to the Commune and men of Biella
 dues, payments, scutages and other impositions as do the
 other men living and residing in Biella; and he, who
 violates [this bann] should pay twenty solidi pp. for each
 and every offence.  And, the consuls are bound on their oath
 to expel immediately or to cause persons who are grazing or
 pasturing [their animals] or acting contrary to the statute
   to be expelled immediately.



 258. [XVII] PENA DOMINORUM ET HABITANTIUM EXTRA PORTAS.

    Item statutum est quod nullus debeat habitare cum
 familia sua a canalibus superius et qui contrafecerit soluat
 bannum pro qualibet edomada qua ibi steterit postquam ei
 perceptum fuerit quod non stet sol. XX.pp. Et si quod
 dampnum ei fieret stando ultra ipsam finiam non emendetur
 sibi a comuni nec possit stare a parte berloni extra portas
 placij. et consules teneantur Inquirere et precipere sub
 dicto banno si eis fuerit denunciatum et quod non possint
 habere gratiam a credencia uel consulibus nisi fecerit bonam
 securitatem domini caxinarum quod stantes et habitantes  in
 dictis caxinis non faciant dampna alicui persone et si
 contrafecerit quod soluant banna duplicata. secundum quod
 facerent alij homines. et aliter non possint habere
 licenciam a credencia et restituere dampna duplicata: et
 quod non possint tenere prochos capras neque agnellos sub
 banno sol.X.pp. pro qualibet bestia et quilibet possit
   accussare et teneatur privatus si acussatori placuit.

258. [XVII] THE PENALTY FOR THE LORDS AND INHABITANTS WHO
             LIVE OUTSIDE OF THE GATES.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should
 live with his household from about the canals of Garella and
 he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty
 solidi pp. for each week that he stays there after he has
 been given an order not to remain there.  And, if he should
 incur any loss by remaining beyond the limit, he should not
 be reimbursed by the commune and he can not remain from the
 quarter of Berlonum to beyond the gates of the public
 square.  And, the consuls are obliged to investigate and
 look into [matters] under the aforesaid fine if something is
 reported to them.  And, [it is understood] that they can not
 have a dispensation from the Credentia or the consuls unless
 he has made good surety to the owner of the houses so that
 those who are residing and living in the aforesaid houses do
 not cause a loss to anyone; and, if he violates [this bann],
 [it is understood] that they should pay double fines
 according to the standard that other men pay.  And,
 nonetheless, they can not have a dispensation from the
 Credentia and they can not quash the double penalties; and,
 [it is understood] that they can not keep pigs, goats, or
 lambs under a penalty of ten solidi pp. for each animal.
 And, anyone can accuse and the name of the accuser can be
   kept confidential if it pleases him.



261. [XVIII] QUI SEQUELAM FACERE TENEANTUR ET PENA NON
              FATIENTIBUS ORDINATA.

    Item statutum est quod omnis homo qui habitauerit in
 bugella uel super eis territorio.a.XV. annis usque ad.LXX.
 faciat et juret sequelam In manibus consulum comunis et qui
 eam non fecerit post quam preconizatum fuerit soluat bannum
 sol. II. pro qualibet edomada qua steterit. et postea eam
 feaciat et consules teneantur dicta banna excutere infra.
 XV. dies. et non possint dare licentiam alicui et teneantur
 de predictis inquirere et debeant Iurare quod non capient
 nec portabunt de bladis rapis vuis fructibus arborum de feno
 nec erba de lignis nemoribus rebus comunis bugelle nec
 alicuius hominis de bugella super curia et districtu
 begelle. et quod non dabunt conscilium. auxilium. bannitis
 dicti comunis et si uiderint alios eis dantes ipsos
   teneantur per eorum sacramentum accussare.

261. [XVIII] THOSE WHO ARE OBLIGED TO MAKE AN ACT OF
            WILLINGNESS TO FOLLOW AND THE PENALTY FOR THOSE
            WHO DO NOT ACKNOWLEDGE THAT WHICH HAS BEEN
              ORDAINED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that each man who
 lives in Biella or its territory from the age of fifteen to
 the age of seventy should make and swear to an "act of
 service" on the hands of the Consuls of the Commune and he
 who does not do this as soon as he has been made aware of it
 should pay a fine of two solidi for each week that they
 remain (in violation of this statute).  And, he should do
 that [which is required above] and the consuls are obliged
 to carry out the assigned banns within fifteen days.  And,
 [the consuls] can not give a dispensation to anyone and they
 are obliged to inquire about the aforesaid things.  And,
 they should swear that they will not take or carry off any
 reaped grains, grapes, fruits from the trees of the harvest,
 or foliage from the woods of the forests of Biella, or from
 any man of Biella from the curia and District of Biella.
 And, [it is understood] that they will not give aid or
 counsel  to the banned persons of the aforesaid commune and,
 if they see others giving aid to them, they are obliged to
   acuse them on their sworn oath.


262, 263. [XIX]  NON UTANTUR STATUTA PARATICHA, NISI A
                  COMUNI SPECIALITER APPROBATIS.

    Item statutum est quod si aliqua persona de bugella
 cuiuscumque paratici siue collegij. siue mestralie sit. siue
 de messarijs et bubulcis. siue de notarijs. uel de becarijs
 uel de mercatoribus uel de calegarijs uel de pellicarijs.
 aut de testoribus fuerit inhobediens uel rebellis suo
 paraticho siue collegio et noluerit attendere et obseruare
 statuta et ordinamenta sui collegij. iusta et racionabiliter
 facta et per comune aprobata et erit inhobediens preceptis
 suorum consulum.  Iuste eis factis non teneatur nec habeatur
 pro uicino. sed sit exculssus ab omni comodo et vtilitate
 comunis nec sit nec esse debeat de conscilio nec de
 credencia nec debeat habere aliquod officium comunis. Et hoc
 intelligatur. nisi dicta statuta et ordinamenta essent facta
   contra honorem et vtilitatem comunis et hominum bugelle.

262, 263. [XIX]  THE STATUTE OF ASSOCIATION SHOULD NOT BE
                USED UNLESS IT HAS BEEN SPECIALLY APPROVED
                  OF BY THE COMMUNE.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that, if any
 person from Biella, of whatever paraticus, college, or
 mestralia he might be, or whether he is one of the mace-
 bearers, ox-drivers, notaries, butchers, merchants,monks,
 peleterers, or weaver has been disobedient or rebellious to
 his paraticus or college and does not wish to heed or
 observe the statutes or ordinances of his own college which
 have been justly and rationally developed and approved of by
 the commune and he will be disobedient to the precepts of
 his own consuls which have been justly developed by them, he
 should not be held to be or considered to be a vicinus (a
 member of the neighborhood) and by this he should be
 excluded from every opportunity and advantage of the Commune
 and he may not be nor should be a member of the Council or
 the Credentia.  And, he should not have any office in the
 Commune.  And, this is to be understood, unless the
 aforesaid statutes and ordinances have been made against the
   honor and advantage of the Commune and men of Biella.



 263.
    Item statutum est quod omnia statuta et ordinamenta
 cuiuslibet paratici siue collegij debeant legi in publica
 credencia. et tunc ibi aprobantur statuta conueniencia et
 bona. et contraria cassantur et irritentur Et quod illud
 paraticum siue collegium quod faceret inter se aliqua pacta
 siue conuenciones contra ea que preciperentur per consules
 comunis. soluat bannum. sol. LX.pp. pro qualibet edomada qua
 perseuerarent et postea sint cassa et irrita. Et consules
   teneantur facere legi illa statuta infra natiuitatem domini.

 263.
    In the same way, it has been decreed that all of the
 statutes and ordinances of any paraticum or college should
 be read publically in the Credentia.  And, then the suitable
 and good statutes are approved there and contrary statutes
 are quashed and voided.  And, [it is understood] that the
 paraticum or college which enacts on its own any agreements
 or conventions against those which have been enacted by the
 consuls of the Commune should pay a fine of sixty solidi pp.
 for each week that they support [those agreements] and they
 are afterwards quashed and voided.  And, the consuls are
 obliged to cause those statutes and agreements to be read by
   the [Feast of the] Nativity of the Lord.


 264. [XX] PRETIUM OLEARIJS PRO FATIENDO OLEO COSTITUTUM.

    Item statutum est quod omnes olearij. qui habitant in
 bugella teneantur et debeant primo facere oleum hominibus de
 bugella. quam forenssibus pro denar. VII pilatam. Et
 teneantur consules facere hoc per eos obseruari et qui
 contrafecerit soluat bannum pro qualibet uice. sol. V. et
 quisque possit accussare et habeat suam partem banni. et qui
 daret plus soluat bannum sol. II. et consules teneantur
 inquirere sicut de ludo si eis denunciati uel acusati
   fuerint.

264. [XX] THE REWARD FOR OIL DEALERS FOR ACKNOWLEDGING THE
           REGULATION OF OIL.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that all oil
 dealers, who live in Biella are obliged to and should make
 oil available to the men of Biella before foreigners at a
 rate of seven denarii per pilata.  And, the consuls are
 obliged to see to it that this is observed by them.  And he,
 who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of five solidi
 for each offence and anyone may accuse and have a portion of
 the fine.  And he, who gives more, should pay a fine of two
 solidi and the consuls are obliged to investigate as
 concerning gambling, if people are accused or denounced to
   them.

265. [XXI] PRO QUANTO TESTORES PANNUM ET TELAM FACERE
            TENEANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod omnes testores habitantes in
 bugella teneantur et debeant facere telam hominum de bugella
 antequam forenssium silicet parietem riste subtilis. pro
 denar. XVI. et riste grosse. pro denar. XIIII.or et stupe.
 pro. den. XII. et pecagnonorum. pro. denar. X. et non plus.
 Ed de pariete panni albi habeat. denar. VIIII. et de nigro
 denar X. Et non plus. et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro
 qualibet vice. sol. quinque. et qui plus inde dederit soluat
 simile bannum nec debeat aliquid capere de spolis nec de
 ordimento. et consules teneantur hoc facere obseruari. et
 contrafacientes inquirere tamquam de ludo. si eis denunciati
   uel acusati fuerint.

265. [XXI] FOR HOW MUCH WEAVERS ARE OBLIGED TO MAKE A
            MEASURE OF CLOTH AND A LOOM.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that all textile
 workers who live in Biella should produce cloth for the men
 of Biella, before they produce it for foreigners; [and, they
 should charge] sixteen denarii for a measure (paries) that
 is finely drawn and fourteen denarii for a measure that is
 coarsely drawn.  They may also charge twelve denarii for a
 stupa and ten denarii for a pecagnori, and no more.  But,
 for a portum of white cloth, they may charge nine denarii
 and for the same measure of black cloth, they may charge ten
 denarii.  And he, who violates [this bann], should pay five
 solidi as a fine for each offence and he, who should give
 more therefrom, should pay a similar fine and he should take
 nothing of the extorted profit nor of the regular profit.
 And the consuls are obliged to see to it that this is
 observed and to investigate violators as if they were
   gamblers if they are denounced or reported to them.


 266. [XXII] ADVOCANTES ET PROCURANTES CONTRA COMUNITATEM.

    Item statutum est quod aliquis de bugella qui habitet
 in bugella non debeat nec pressumat esse syndicus procurator
 nec actor nec advocatus alicuius uel aliquorum contra
 honorem et bonas consuetudines comunis et hominum bugelle et
 qui contrafecerit sit penitus exclussus ab omni honore
 comodo et vtilitate comunis bugelle et non sit de credencia
 nec de conscilio nec habeat aliquod officium comunis. et si
 aliquod dampnum ei fieet non emendetur ei nec restituatur
 per predictum comune. et soluat bannum pro quolibet et
   qualibet vice sol. LX. pp.

 266. [XXII] ADVOCATES AND PROCURATORS AGAINST THE COMMUNITY.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that anyone from
 Biella who lives in Biella should nor be nor should dare to
 be a syndic, proctor, agent, or an advocate for any one or
 any persons who are acting contrary to the honor and good
 customs of the Commune and men of Biella.  And he, who
 violates [this bann], should be forthwith excluded from
 every honor, profit, and advantage of the Commune of Biella
 and he can not be a member of the Credentia or the Council
 and he can not hold any office of the Commune.  And, if he
 should incur any loss, it need not be paid or restored to
 him by the aforesaid commune, and, he should pay a fine of
   sixty solidi for each and every offence.


269. [XXIII] EXTRANEUS QUI NON TENUIT TOTA YEME PASCARI
              COMUNITATIBUS NEQUEAT IN ESTATE.

    Item statutum et ordinatum est quod non liceat aliqui
 persone habitanti in bugella. tenere bestias aliquas in
 pascherijs uel alpibus bugelle nisi dictas bestias tenuisset
 et custodiuisset in dicto loco bugelle. tota igeme. uel nisi
 ecciam stet et habitet in loco bugelle. et nisi esset de
 bugella. uel receptus habitator bugelle. Et qui
 contrafecerit. soluat pro qualibet ebdomada. sol. XX. pp. Et
 consules teneantur inquirere quotiens eis fuerit denuntiatum
   et tenere denunciatores priuatos.

269. [XXIII] A FOREIGNER WHO DOES NOT RETAIN AN ASSOCIATION
            FOR AN ENTIRE WINTER TO GRAZE MAY BE DENIED IT
              IN THE SUMMMER.

    In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that
 no one living in Biella should be permitted to keep any
 animals in the pastureland or the highland meadows (alpes)
 of Biella, unless he had kept and guarded the aforesaid
 animals in the aforesaid locale of Biella during the entire
 winter or unless he also stays and lives in Biella itself
 and unless they are from Biella, or he is considered an
 inhabitant of Biella.  And he, who violates [this bann],
 should pay twenty solidi for each week.  And the consuls are
 obliged to investigate as often as it is reported to them
   and they are obliged to keep the denouncers confidential.




             XV. RUBRICA DE VIIS ET ALLIS COMUNITATIBUS

        XV. THE RUBRIC CONCERNS ROADS AND OTHER ASSOCIATIONS

 271. [I] TRIVOLA VIARUM CONSULES ACTARI FACERE TENEANTUR.

    Statutum est quod consules teneantur facere altari et
 meliorari triuola facta et que decetero fient in viis
 publicis in territorio bugelle post quam siuerint uel eis
 fuerit denunciatum. ad laudem. quatuor hominum uel sex. et
 illa persona que non altauerit dicta tiuola. secundum quod
 ei preceptum fuerit per consules. soluat bannum. sol. X. pp.
   pro qualibet edomada.

271. [I] AT TREVOLA, THE CONSULS OF THE ROADS ARE OBLIGED TO
          SEE TO IT THAT THEY ARE TAKEN CARE OF.

    It has been decreed that the consuls are obliged to see
 to it that the crossroads, which have been constructed in
 the public roads, be leveled and improved in the territory
 of Biella as soon as they are aware [of the need] or as soon
 as it has been reported to them upon the advice of four or
 six men.  And the person, who does not level the aforesaid
 crossroads according to the standard to which they have been
 ordered by the consuls, should pay a fine of ten solidi for
   each week [the work is not completed].


272. [II] NON CAPIANTUR LAPIDES PER QUOS VIE UEL COMUNITAS
           DAMPNIFICETUR.

    Item statutum est quod nulla persona debeat aranchare
 siue capere uel asportare uel predicta fieri facere aliquos.
 lapides de quibus dampnificentur vie de viis comunibus siue
 de costis nec in aliquibus alijs partibus vbi sint vie
 publice placij. uel plani nec aliquibus rialis nec fossatis.
 que possint damnificari vie. uel possessiones. aliquis. et
 qui contrafecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice. sol.
 viginti pp. postea reficiat dampnum et consules teneantur
   Inquirere. et tenere accussatores et denunciatores priuatos.

272. [II] ROCKS SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN AWAY AS A RESULT OF
           WHICH ROADS OR CORPORATIONS INCUR LOSSES.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no person
 should remove, take, carry off the stones or cause anyone to
 do any of the aforesaid things because of which the roads of
 the communal road system, or the coast, the public square or
 the level areas or any other places  where the the public
 roads may be damaged or from any ravines or ditches in which
 the roads or possessions of any person can be damaged
 thereby.  And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay
 twenty solidi pp. for each and every offence and afterward
 he should pay for the damage.  And, the consuls are obliged
 to investigate and to keep the [names of the] accusers or
   denouncers confidential.


273. [III] COMUNITATES PENDINARUM PLATIJ SEMPER IN COMUNI
            DEBEANT PERMANERE.

    Item statutum est quod comunia de ualle belloni et de
 valixella et de pendina placij. Verssus bellonum que fuerunt
 asignata comunia per comune bugelle debeant stare et
 permanere aperta omni tempore et ille qui ea clauderet uel
 claudi faceret soluat bannum. sol. XX. pp. et postea
   disclaudat id quod ex hijs comunibus clauserit.

273. [III] THE CORPORATIONS OF PENDINA PLACII SHOULD ALWAYS
            REMAIN IN THE COMMUNE.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that the Communes
 of Valle Belloni, Valixella, Pendena Placii, opposite of
 Bellonum, which were designated communes by the Commune of
 Biella should stay and remain open at all times and he, who
 closes them or causes them to be closed should pay a fine of
 twenty solidi pp. and afterwards he should open up that
   which he had closed in those communes.


 274. [IIII] PENA OCCUPANTIUM UIAS PUBLICAS UEL PLATHEAS.

    Item statutum est quod qui strinxerit uel clauserit
 aliquam viam uel platheam uel aliquod comune. soluat bannum.
   sol. XX. pp. et postea eam larget et disclaudat.

274. [IIII] THE PENALTY FOR OCCUPYING THE PUBLIC ROADS AND
             PUBLIC SQUARES.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that he who
 restricts or closes any road, or public square, or commune
 should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. and afterwards he
   should enlarge or open them up.


275. [V] PUNIATUR QUI AD ACTAS  UIAS PUBLICAS SUFFTIENTUM
          NUNTIUM NON TRANSMITTIT.

    Item statutum est quod qui non Iverit uel sufficientem
 nuncium non misserit ad altendas vias quando precipietur
   soluat bannum sol. II. pp.

275. [V] HE SHOULD BE PUNISHED WHO DOES NOT SEND A PARTY
          SUFFICIENT TO REPAIR THE PUBLIC ROADS.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who does
 not go or send adequate notice for the leveling of the roads
 when he has been ordered to, should pay a fine of two solidi
   pp.


 276. [VI] QUI UIAS FRANGIT PUBLICE ORDINATAS.

    Item statutum est quod qui ronperet aliquam uiam
 propter sulciam uel propter scrineam uel aliqua alia
   occaxione soluat bannum sol. XX. et reficiat eam.

276. [VI] HE WHO DAMAGES THE ROADS WHICH HAVE BEEN PUBLICLY
           ESTABLISHED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that he who
 damages any road through furrowing, making a culvert, or any
 other activity, should pay a fine of twenty solidi and
   repair it.


277. [VII] EXTRA PALENCHATA NON LICEAT SUPER FOSSATIS
            ARBORES ALLEUARE.

    Item statutum est quod nullus debeat tenere nec
 alleuare arbores super fossatum extra palenchatum plani nec
 aliquod aliud alleuamen nec aliquid ibi vastare nec seminare
 et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum. sol. XX. et ille que
 modo ibi sunt incidantur usque pasca. et camparij teneantur
 omni mensse inquirere omnia fossata. et si quid inuenerit
   ibi factum contra predicta debeant acussare.

277. [VII] OUTSIDE OF PALENCHATA, IT IS NOT PERMITTED TO
            GROW TREES ABOVE THE DITCHES.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no man should
 keep or raise trees atop the ditch outside of Palenchatum on
 the plain, nor any other planting, or anything else to
 damage or plant [in the ditch].  And, he, who violates [this
 bann], should pay twenty solidi and the plants which are
 there should be cut down as feed (silage).  And, the
 camparii are obliged to check all of the ditches every
 month.  And, if anything should be discovered that has been
 done contrary to the aforesaid statutes, they should make
   accusations.


278. [VIII] IN COMUNI UEL PLATHEIS MOLAS NULLI LICITUM SIT
             TENERE.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non debeat tenere
 aliquam molam nec porcilum aliquod in platheis nec in
 portucubus super comuni bugelle. et qui contrafecerit soluat
 bannum pro qualibet vice sol. quinque. si fuerit accussatus
 et consules teneantur facere auferri predicta infra octo
   dies post quam eis fuerit denunciatum siue dictum.

278. [VIII] IT IS NOT PERMITTED TO ESTABLISH MILLS IN THE
             COMMUNE OR PUBLIC SQUARES.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no person
 should keep any mule or pig in the public squares or the
 porticoes of the Commune of Biella.  And, he, who violates
 [this bann], should pay a fine of five solidi.  If anyone
 has been accused, the consuls are obliged to see to it that
 the aforesaid animals are removed within eight days after
   [their presence] has been reported or told to them.


279. [VIIII] FATIENTES IN UIJS PER QUI IN ALIQUO LEDATUR
              COMUNITAS UEL UTILITAS SPECIALIS.

    Item statutum est quod aliquam persona de bugella non
 debeat ponere uel cauere. nec fieri facere terram nec
 lapides in aliquibus pubblicis vijs nec sulcias uel triuolos
 uel aliquid aliud opus. quod peioret uel dampnificet vias
 uel que possit dampnificare aliquas possessiones aliquius
 hominibus de bugella. et qui contrafecerit. soluat bannum
 sol. XX. pp. nec in aliqua parte super communibus Intra
 clausuras placij et plani et officiales acussare teneantur.
 et quod consules non possint dare licenciam. set teneantur
 inquirere. si fuerit eis denunciatum et tenere denunciatores
   et accussatores priuatos.

279. [VIIII] ASSOCIATIONS OR SPECIAL ACTIVITIES ACKNOWLEDGE
            THAT THEY SHOULD NOT POLLUTE THE ROADS IN ANY
              WAY.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no person
 from Biella should place, dig up, or cause any earth or
 stones to be dumped onto the public roads, ditches,
 crossroads, or any other construction that impairs or
 damages the roads or which can damage any possessions of any
 man of Biella.  And, he, who violates [this bann], should
 pay a fine of twenty solidi pp.  And, the officials are
 obliged to make accusations in any part [of Biella]
 regarding the communes between the enclosures of the public
 square and the open area.  And, the consuls can not grant a
 dispensation, but rather they are obliged to investigate if
 someone reports [a violation] to them.  The names of
   accusers and denouncers are reuired to be kept confidential.


280. [X] SCRINEAM QUE IN COMUNI EXEAT NULLI LICITUM SIT
          TENERE.

    Item statutum est quod nullus debeat tenere aliquam
 scrineam que habeat exitum ipsius scrinee super terram
 comunis. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. XX. pp.
 postea auferat eam.  Et quod nullus debeat tenere scrineam
 super comune. et quod quilibet possit accusare et denuntiare
   et tenebitur priuatus.

280. [X] NO ONE IS PERMITTED TO PLACE A STRUCTURE  ON ANY
          ROAD IN THE COMMUNITY WHICH LEADS OUT OF THE AREA.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should
 keep a culvert whose exit opens onto the land of the
 Commune.  And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a
 fine of twenty solidi pp. and he should remove the culvert
 afterward.  And, [it is understood] that no one should keep
 a culvert in the commune [that will cause damage].  And, [it
 is understood] that anyone can accuse and denounce and his
   name will be held in confidence.


281. [XI] NON PROHITIATUR IN PUBLICO FETOR UEL AQUA A
           PELLIBUS DETURPATA.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non debeat
 proicere aquam in qua baniata uel moliata fuerint coria
 prluta nec acquam calcinarij nec aquam molticij siue
 molticium uel peziam. neque pelles molliatas siue coria in
 vijs pubblicis uel platheis seu fiat fetor que uadant in
 uias pubblicas nec in rugia placij uel plani aliquo modo. Et
 qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet
 vice sol. quinque. pp. et quisque possit accussare et habeat
 suam partem banni. Et consules non possint dare licenciam et
 consules teneantur inquirere et tenere accussatores et
   denunciatores priuatos.

281. [XI] STENCH AND WATER FOULED BY SKINS SHOULD NOT BE
           THROWN OUT IN A PUBLIC PLACE.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no person
 should throw any water onto the public roads or public
 squares which contains banned or ground materials,
 intestines, skins, water containing lime, leather wastes,
 hides, cured skins, pelts, scraped hides, or intestines.  No
 one should cause dung to run onto the public roads or into
 the ditches of the public square or the open areas [of the
 city] in any manner.  And, he, who violates [this bann],
 should pay a fine of five solidi for each and every offence
 and anyone can accuse or have a portion of the fine.  And,
 the consuls can not give a dispensation and the consuls are
 obliged to investigate and keep [the names of] accusers and
   denouncers confidential.


282. [XII] NON LICEAT PASCHARI IN LAUAZANO NEC PRO AQUA
            DUCENDA RUMPERE DICTAM UIAM.

    Item statutum est quod nullus debeat ire passcatum In
 via lauazani a lossenta usque ad crucem lauzani. Et qui
 contrafecerit soluat bannum. sol. V. et consules non possint
 dare licenciam. Et illi qui ducunt aquam per dictam viam non
 debeant trauerssare viam. nisi fecerint bonos pontes. super
 uiam. et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et
 qualibet vice. sol. XX. pp. ille qui duceret uel haberet in
 pratis. et super pontibus ducentibus aquam et consules
   teneantur inquirere si eis fuerit denunciatum.

282. [XII] NO ONE HAS PERMISSION TO GRAZE IN LAUAZANO NOR TO
          CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE AFORESAID ROAD IN ORDER TO
            DRAW WATER.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should
 graze animals on the Via Lauazani from Lossenta all the way
 to the cross of Lauazani.  And he, who violates [this bann],
 should pay a fine of five solidi and the consuls can not
 give a dispensation.  And those who draw water alongside the
 aforesaid road should not cross over that road unless they
 have built a good bridge over that road.  And, he, who
 violates [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp.
 for each and every offence.  It is the same for he who
 conducts or keeps water in the meadows and concerning those
 bridges drawing water.  And the consuls are obliged to
   investigate if anything has been reported to them.


283. [XIII] PROHITIENTES ET INCIDENTES REUNZATURAS IN
             PUBLICO PUNIANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod nullus ferrarius ronzet aliquam
 segeciam in aliqua parte.  Ita quod ronzatura possit ire in
 via publica . nec eas ronzaturas proicere in via. et qui
 contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice.
   sol. V. pp. et quilibet possit accussare palam et privatim.

283. [XIII] THOSE WHO THROW AWAY OR CUT UP METAL WASTE IN A
             PUBLIC PLACE SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no farrier
 (iron smith) should grind any metal waste anywhere so that
 what will be ground down will go onto the public road and he
 should not throw that which will be ground down onto a
 public road.  And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay
 a fine of five solidi pp. for each and every offence.  And,
   anyone can make accusations publicly or privately.


284. [XIIII] PENA FATIENTIUM IN PRATIS QUE TENENTUR A COMUNI
              ALIUD NISI PRATUM ET EXCENTIUM ULTRA FINES.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non audeat uel
 presumat seare nec seari facere prata que tenet a comuni.
 nisi tantum quantum eis assignatum et determinatum est per
 comune. uel nuntios dicti comunis. et quicunque seuerit
 ultra mensuram debitam et seari fecerit. seu seauerit in
 sorapresijs seu hedificauerit laboravit uel aliter quocunque
 modo occupauerit terram comunis uel sibi datam per
 soprapresiam cadat ab omni iure quod habet et habere posset
 in dictis pratis que tenet a comuni et consules non
 paciantur poni in credencia quod ei fiat aliqua gratia et
 gratia seu reformatio facta contra presens statutum nullam
 omnino habeat firmitatem. et ultra hoc non audeat uel
 presumat seare prata que tenet a comuni. nisi prius soluerit
   salarium clauario comunis in pena et banno. sol. V. pp.

284. [XIIII] THE PENALTY FOR THOSE WHO DISPOSE OF [WASTE
            MATERIALS] IN MEADOWS WHICH ARE HELD BY THE
            COMMUNE, UNLESS IT IS IN ANOTHER MEADOW
            [DESIGNATED BY THE COMMUNE] AND THE PENALTY FOR
              THOSE WHO GO BEYOND THE LIMITS.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no person
 should dare or presume to sow or cause any meadows which are
 held by the commune to be sown, unless it is only to the
 extent that it has been directed and determined by the
 commune or by the nuncios of the aforesaid commune.  And,
 anyone else who sows or causes land to be sown beyond the
 measure deemed necessary or who sows in fields [designated
 as] sorapresia or builds on, works, or occupies in anyway
 whatsoever the land of the commune or [land] given to it by
 sorapresia should yield by every law which he might have or
 could have in the aforesaid meadows which are held by the
 commune.  And, the consuls are not permitted to submit to
 the Credentia [any legislative proposal] that would create
 any licence, dispensation, or reform against [the intent of]
 the present statute and [and such legislation] created
 [against the intent of the statute] should have utterly no
 validity.  And, furthermore, he should not dare nor presume
 to seed meadowes which are held by the commune unless he has
 paid a penalty and fine in the amount of five solidi pp. to
   the treasurer of the Commune.


 285. [XV] TENENTES A COMUNI QUANDO FICTA SOLUERE TENEANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod tenentes prata comunis montium
 et nemorum comunis bugelle ad fictum. teneantur et debeant
 soluisse uel satisfecisse fictum clauario comunis. qui pro
 temporibus fuerit. Infra medium mensis augusti et ficta
 pratorum insule sarui. Et omnia alia ficta per. VIII. dies
 ante festum sancti martini. Et qui non soluerit Infra
 predictos uel satisfecerit teneantur soluere et acordare
 clauario quartum plus ascenderit dictum fictum. de quo
 quarto nullam possit habere gratiam. Et quod clauarius de
 dicto quarto teneatur comuni integram reddere rationem siue
   exigerit siue non.

285. [XV] WHEN THOSE WHO HOLD [HONORS] FROM THE COMMUNE ARE
           OBLIGED TO PAY TAXES.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that those, who
 hold meadows of the commune of the woods and the mountains
 of the commune of Biella as a feudal holding (ad fictum),
 are obliged to and should pay and render satisfaction for
 the feudal dues to the communal treasurer, who is currently
 in office by the middle of the month of August.  And, the
 feudal dues of the Island of Sarium and all feudal dues (are
 to be paid) through the eight days before the Feast of St.
 Martin.  And, he, who does not pay or render satisfaction
 within the aforesaid times is obliged to pay and render to
 the treasurer of the commune an additional one fourth of the
 which the aforesaid feudal dues require.  And, [it is
 understood] that the treasurer is required to render a full
 accounting concerning the aforesaid quarter [payment]
   whether or not it was exacted.






  XVI. RUBRICA DE BESTIJS.

                 XVI. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING ANIMALS.

 286. [I] FORENSIS PASCHARI NEQUIT IN TERRITORIO DE BUGELLA.

    Statutum est quod qui duxerit uel duci fecerit. bestias
 hominum de extra bugellam ad pascandum in communi. nec in
 territorio bugelle sine licencia credencia soluat bannum pro
 quolibet et qualibet vice sol. XX. pp. Et consules teneantur
 per eorum sacramentum inquirere. et post quam sciuerunt
 incontinenti expellere uel expelli facere bestias omnes
   desuper dictum territorium et curte comunis bugelle.

286. [I] A FOREIGNER CAN NOT GRAZE [HIS ANIMALS] IN THE
          TERRITORY OF BIELLA.

    It has been decreed that anyone, who leads or causes
 the animals belonging to men from outside of Biella to
 pasture in the Commune or territory of Biella without the
 licence from the Credencia, should pay a fine of twenty
 solidi pp. for each and every offence.  And the consuls are
 obliged on their sworn oath to investigate and, as soon as
 they are aware, to expel immediately or to cause all of the
 animals to be expelled from the aforesaid territory and
   holding of the Commune of Biella.


 287. [II] DAMPNA PROPRIA POSSIT QUILIBET ACCUSARE.

    Item statutum est quod quilibet accussare omnes bestias
 et omnia dampna ei vel eis facta. et soluant bannum sicut
   statutum est.

287. [II] ANYONE CAN ACCUSE REGARDING LOSSES TO HIS OWN
           [PROPERTY].

    In the same way, it has been decreed that anyone can
 report all of the animals and all of the losses which he or
 she has incurred, and, they, who have violated [this bann],
   should pay the fine as it has been  decreed.


 288. [III] PENA CAPRAS TENENTIBUS ORDINATA.

    Item statutum est quod nullus teneant capram uel capras
 in territorio bugelle. nisi a sancta maria superius. et qui
 contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. quinque. pro qualibet vice
 quam fuerit accussatus uel requisitus pro qualibet capra.
 alijs statutis de bestijs pascantibus seu dampnum dantibus
 in fortilicijs seu circa fortilicias plani et placij. et
 circa clausuras in suo statu permanentibus. Et consules non
 possint dare licenciam. nisi essent omnes quatuor simul qui
 darent licenciam alicui tenendi vnam solam capram propter
 necessitatem alicuius pueri parui et infirmi in domo sua
 extra omnia dampna comunis capras ad occidendum statim et
 quas non possint tenere nec ducere In aliquibus cessis uel
 claussuris nec in aliquibus partibus cultis hedificatis uel
 plantatis que possint vastari. Et qui contrafecerit. Soluat
 bannum sicut alij homines et quod consules non possint dare
 licentiam nisi volens tenere quod habent vnam de predictis
   causis.

 288. [III] THE PENALTY ORDAINED FOR THOSE WHO KEEP GOATS.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should
 keep a goat or goats in the territory of Biella unless iut
 is from above St. Maria and he, who violates [this bann],
 should pay a fine of five solidi for each and every offence
 for which he has been accused and summoned and for each
 goat.  The other statutes concerning pasturing animals or
 causing losses in or about the fortified areas of the open
 country, the public square, and the enclosed areas remain in
 effect.  And, the consuls can not give permission unless all
 four at the same time grant permission to someone to keep a
 single goat because of the need of a small or sick boy in
 his own home without (causing) any losses for the Commune or
 men of Biella and unless it might be a butcher who is
 keeping any goats for immediate slaughter and which they can
 not keep or lead onto any other properties or enclosures or
 any other cultivated areas, buildings, sown fields which can
 be damaged.  And, he, who violates [this bann] should pay
 the fine as other men [do] and [it is understood] that the
 consuls can not grant permission to anyone unless those
 wishing to keep goats swear that they will keep only one for
   the aforesaid reasons.


289. [IIII] PENA PRO BESTIJS IN UIJS CAMPANIE PASCHANTIBUS
             ORDINATA.

    Item statutum est  quod nullus debeat ducere aliquam
 bestiam ad pascandum a sancto eussebio. et a volta ripe
 inferius. et qui contrafecerit soluat. bannum. sol. II. pro
 qualibet bestia. a Kalendis maij. usque ad sanctum
 michaellem nisi fuerit bestia que laboret. Et consules non
   possint dare licenciam.

289. [IIII] THE PENALTY FOR THOSE WHO GRAZE THEIR ANIMALS ON
             THE ROAD TO THE CAMPANIA.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should
 lead any animal to pasture from St, Eusebius and from below
 the right bank of the river.  And, he, who violates [this
 bann], should pay a fine of two solidi for each animal from
 the Kalends of May to the Feast of St. Michael, unless they
 are animals which perform work.  And the consuls can not
   grant a dispensation.


 290. [V] DOMINI BESTIARUM IN FOSSATIS PASCHANTIUM PUNIANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod si aliqua bestia fuerit inventa
 pascare in fossatis de plano. soluat bannum. sol. II. et
   consules non possint dare licenciam.

290. [V] THE HERDSMEN OF ANIMALS FEEDING IN THE DITCHES
          SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that, if any
 animal should have been found grazing on the ditches of the
 plain, [its owner] should pay a fine of two solidi and the
   consuls can not grant a dispensation.


 291. [VI] PASCHANTES DE NOCTE QUID SOLUERE TENEANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod qui fuerit Inventus extra
 bugellam de nocte ad pascandum cum aliquibus bestijs uel
 staret extra post canpanam custodum In pascuis soluat
 bannum. sol. XX. pro qualibet vice. nisi essent boues
   Iuntores cum carro.

291. [VI] WHAT THOSE WHO GRAZE THEIR ANIMALS DURING THE
           NIGHT ARE OBLIGED TO PAY.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who has
 been found outside of Biella grazing any of his animals or
 remaining outside [of Biella] in the pastures after the
 guard bell [has sounded], should pay a fine of twenty solidi
   for each offence unless they are oxen yoked to a wagon.




XVII. RUBRICA DE DAMPNIS ET GUASTIS.

           XVII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING LOSSES AND DAMAGES.

292. [I] QUE QUOMODO ET QUANDO PRO DAPNIS ET GUASTIS SIT
          RESTITUITIO FATIENDA.

    Statutum est quod si combureretur aliqua domus uel
 cassina seu tectum uel blava uel fenum uel palea uel si
 Incideretur aliqua uinea uel Incissa seu ruscata fuerit
 aliqua arbor uel blaua uel caneua uel si occidetur uel
 mangagnabitur aliqua bestia uel si deuastabitur vinum.
 Incaneuatum. uel si factum fuerit aliquod dampnum uel
 guastum clam uel occulte seu furtiue alicui homini uel
 mulieri de bugella uel habitanti in bugella soluenti et
 substinenti fodra et dacia et omnia honera cum comuni et
 hominibus  bugelle. et ipse uel ipsi uel quibus dampnum
 factum fuerit Iuruerit ad sancta dei euangelia quod nesciuit
 quis sibi hoc dampnum fecerit. Et si aliquo tempore habuerit
 aliquam restitucionem de ipso dampno quod eam rendent et
 restituent comuni bugelle quod ipsum dapnum estimetur per
 estimatores comunis bugelle. uel alios bonos homines ad hoc
 deputatos qui sciant illud dampnum.  Et restituatur totum
 illud dampnum illi uel illis cui uel quibus factum fuerit. a
 comuni bugelle. Infra tempus ipsius consulatus nisi fieret
 tempore guerre pro rebelles comunis videlicet si nesiretur
 quis hoc fecisset. et si sciretur qui hoc fecisset debeat
 restitui per Comune de rebus ipsius qui hoc fecisset si
 haberet tantum vnde. et si esset de bugella et si ipse non
 haberet tantum uel si non esset de bugella residuum
 restituatur eis de communi begelle sicut supra dictum est.
 Eo saluo quod per hoc statutum non Intelligatur de porcis.
 nec de furtis. quod debeant emendari de comuni. et consules
 teneantur capere uel petere racionem illius qui fecisset
 dampnum. et dare et consignare comuni ed hoc teneantur
   facere infra tempus eorum consulatus per eorum Iuramentum.

292. [I] BOTH HOW AND WHEN RESTITUTION MUST BE MADE FOR
          LOSSES AND DAMAGES.

    It has been decreed that if any home, tenement,
 building, grain, hay, or straw should be burned, or, if any
 vineyard should be cut down, or, if any tree, grain, or hemp
 plants should be cut down or chopped up, or, if any animal
 should be killed or maimed, or, if any vine which has been
 tied should be ruined, or, if any damage or loss should be
 incurred openly, secretively, or furtively by any man or
 woman or any person living in Biella or anyone who pays, or
 sustains feudal dues, taxes, and all of the honors
 associated with the Commune or men of Biella, both the
 person who causes the loss or he or they who have incurred
 the loss should swear on the Holy Gospels of God that he
 does not know who caused his loss.  And, if at any time a
 person should receive restitution for any loss which
 entitled him as restitution, they should repay [the money
 given them as the aforesaid restitution] to the Commune
 because their loss had [already] been evaluated by the
 assessors of the Commune of Biella or by other good men who
 were delegated for this purpose and who had been made aware
 of the loss.  And, the entire loss should be restored to the
 person or to those persons who have incuured the loss by the
 Commune of Biella within the time of the Consulate [during
 which the loss was incurred] unless it occurred during a
 time of war on behalf of those who are in rebellion against
 the Commune and, certainly, if the person who caused the
 loss is known.  And, if he who has caused the loss should be
 known, restitution should be made by the Commune from the
 resources of the person who caused the damage, if he should
 have that much [property].  And, if he is from Biella and if
 he should not have enough [property to cover the loss] or if
 he is not from Biella, the remainder [of the loss] is
 restored to those [who have suffered the loss] by the
 Commune of Biella as it has been stated above.  Saving that
 under this statute this is not understood in regard to pigs
 and thieves. [It is understood] that they should be
 reimbursed by the Commune.  And the consuls are obliged to
 seek and retain the rationale given by the person who has
 caused the loss.  And, they are required to give and consign
 this reason to the Commune and they are obliged to see to it
 that this is done within the time of their consulate on
   their sworn oath.


293. [II] OFFENDENTES CLAUSURAS ET FOSSATA QUID SOLUERE
           TENEANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod qui explanaret Inpleret uel
 uastaret aliquod fossatum comunis de placio uel de plano cum
 bestijs uel sine bestijs soluat bannum sol. LX. postea
   reficiat eum.

293. [II] WHAT THOSE WHO DAMAGE ENCLOSURES AND DITCHES ARE
           OBLIGED TO PAY.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who
 levels, fills in, or destroys any ditch of the Commune  from
 the public square or from the open country with or without
 [the aid of] animals, should pay a fine of sixty solidi and
   afterward repair it.


294. Item statutum est quod qui runperet portaret seu seu
 deuastaret aliquod palenchatum uel aliquam claussuram de
 placio uel de plano. Soluat bannum sol. LX. pp. postea
   reficiat eam. et consules teneantur inquirere.

294. In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who
 destroys, carries off, or lays waste to any fortification or
 any enclosure of the public square or the open area should
 pay a fine of sixty solidi and afterwards repair the damage.
   And, the consuls are obliged to investigate.


295. [III] OFFENDENTES AND HABITANTES IN CAVANNIS SINE
            LICENTIA DOMINORUM.

    Item statutum est quod qui caperet fenum furtiue in
 cauanis siue in meis uel runperet uel deuastaret cauanas uel
 ramatas uel classsuras mearum feni soluat bannum sol. LX.
 pp. et emendet dampnum et quisque possit accusare et
 denunciare. Et consules teneantur inquirere et qui
 hospitatus fuerit in alienis cauannis siue licentia
   dominorum quorum fuerint cauanne soluat bannum. sol. XX. pp.

295. [III] THOSE WHO DAMAGE AND LIVE IN CAVES WITHOUT THE
            PERMISSION OF THE OWNERS.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that anyone, who
 keeps hay furtively in harrows or stacks or who throws down
 or lays waste to the harrows, corrals, or enclosures of the
 stacks of hay, should should pay a fine of sixty solidi pp.
 and he should restore the loss.  And, anyone can accuse or
 denounce.  And, the consuls are obliged to investigate and
 he who extends hospitality into the harrows without the
 permission of the owners of the harrows, should pay a fine
   of twenty solidi pp.


296. [IIII] PUNIATUR QUI FENUM UEL HERBAM DE PRATIS
             EXPORTAVERIT ALIENIS.

    Item statutum est quod qui rapuerit fenum In aliquibus
 pratis alicuius hominis de bugella soluat bannum sol. XX.
 pp. de die et de nocte sol. XL. et emendet dapnum. Et qui
 rapuerit erbam In predictis locis soluat bannum sol.
   quinque. de die. et de nocte sol. X. et emendet dampnum.

296. [IIII] HE, WHO EXPORTS HAY OR PLANTS FROM THE MEADOWS,
             SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who
 steals hay from meadows belonging to any men from Biella,
 should pay twenty solidi pp. during the day and forty at
 night and he should restore any loss.  And, he, who steals
 grass in the aforesaid places should pay a fine of five
 solidi during the day and ten at night and he should pay for
   the damage.


 297. [V]  PUNIATUR QUI UINUM POTAUERIT AD BUTALLOS.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua non debeat bibere vinum
 ad botallos In aliqua parte loci bugelle nisi de licencia
 illius cuius esset dictum vinum. Et qui contrafecerit soluat
 bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. II. pp. Et quisque
   possit accussare.

297. [V]  HE, WHO CARRIED WINE TO BUTALLUM, SHOULD BE
           PUNISHED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should
 drink wine ad botallos in any portion of the territory of
 Biella unless it is with the permission of the person to
 whom the aforesaid wine belongs.  And, he, who violates
 [this bann], should pay a fine of two solidi pp.  And,
   anyone may accuse.


 299. [VI] PENA SUBTRAHENTIUM TEMPORE INCENDIJ UEL RUMORIS.

    Item statutum est quod qui Iuerit ad ignem uel ad domum
 aliquius et Inde aliquid portauerit de alienis rebus et eas
 non rediderit ipsa die soluat bannum sol. XX. pp. et quisque
   possit accussare et habeat Inde sol. V. pp.

299. [VI] THE PENALTY FOR THOSE WHO RUN OFF IN TIME OF FIRE
           OR RUMOR.

    In the same way, it has been decree that he, who goes
 to the hearth or to the home of any person and carries away
 from that place any of his property and does not return that
 property on that very day, should pay a fine of twenty
 solidi pp.  And, anyone may accuse and may have five solidi
   from that fine,


300. [VII] DE DAMPNIS DATIS EXTRA TERRITORIUM BUGELLE ET
          UERNATI RESTITUTIO NULLA FIAT PRO BESTIJS
            ALIENIS.

    Item statutum est quod si quis haberet aliquam bestiam
 uel deceret seu duci faceret extra poderium bugelle uel
 Vernati et ibi mangagnarentur uel occiderentur non debeant
   sibi emendari. a comuni bugelle.

300. [VII] CONCERNING THOSE WHO CAUSE LOSSES OUTSIDE OF THE
          TERRITORIES OF BIELLA AND NO RESTITUTION SHOULD
          BE MADE FOR ANIMALS BELONGING TO FOREIGNERS BY
            VERNATUM.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that if anyone
 keeps any animal or leads any animal or causes any animal to
 be lead outside of the district (poderium) of Biella or
 Vernatum, and, if they are killed or maimed there,
 compensation should not be given to them by the Commune of
   Biella.


 301. [VIII] EUNTES IN PREDAM ET EMENTES QUALITER PUNIANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod qui Iret in predam uel robariam
 soluat bannum sol. C. pp. pro qualibet vice.  Et consules
 teneantur inquirere. quod statutum non intelligatur contra
   rebelles et inimicos comunis bugelle.

301. [VIII] THOSE WHO GO FORTH TO OBTAINS AND BUY BOOTY
             SHOULD BE PUNISHED SUITABLY.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who
 acquires booty or stolen goods, should pay a fine of 100
 solidi for each offence.  And the consuls are obliged to
 investigate.  And, this statute is not understood to be
 directed against the rebels and those hostile to the
   commune.


302. Item statutum est quod si quis emerit predam uel
 robarium siue furtum soluat bannum sol. LX. pp. nisi ipsa
 preda uel robarium seu furtum esset guerreriorum comunis
   bugelle. et consules teneantur Inquirere.

302. In the same way, it has been decreed that, if anyone
 should buy loot, stolen property, or the proceeds of a
 burglary, he should pay a fine of sixty solidi pp.., unless
 the loot, booty, or stolen property belongs to those who are
 waging war against the Commune of Biella.  And the consuls
   are obliged to investigate.


 303. [VIIII] EUELLENTES TERMINOS PUNIANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod qui aranchauerit. uel
 strepauerit aliquem sepem uel terminos soluat bannum pro
   qualibet vice sol. XX. pp. nisi habeat Iustum causam.

303. [VIIII] THOSE WHO PLUCK OUT BOUNDARY MARKERS SHOULD BE
              PUNISHED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who cuts
 down or destroys any fence or boundary markers should pay a
 fine of twenty solidi pp. for each offence unless he has a
   just cause.


 304. [X] FRANGENTES ET ROBANTES ARIZARIAS ALIENAS.

    Item statutum est quod aliquis non debeat capere
 castaneas ad alienas erizarias nec frangere uel guastare
 alienas erizarias. et qui contrafecerit. soluat pro quolibet
 et qualibet vice sol. XX. de die. et de nocte sol. LX. et
   emendet dapnum.

304. [X] THOSE WHO BREAK AND STEAL CHESTNUTS BELONGING TO
          SOMEONE ELSE.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should
 raise chessnut trees in some one else's orchards and they
 should not destroy or lay waste to the orchards of others.
 And, he, who violates [this bann] should pay a fine of
 twenty solidi pp. for each and every offence during the day
   and sixty at night; and, he should pay for any loss.


305. [XI] PRO DAMPNO DATA IN PREDIO IMBANDATO AB ALIO QUAM A
           CONSULE RESTITUTIO NULLA FIAT.

    Item statutum est quod qui fecerit preconizari aliquam
 possessionem quam habeat super curia bugella. In banno. per
 alium quam per nuncium consulum et de precepto ipsorum. Et
 si quod dampnum ei factum fuerit. In ipsa possessione non
   habeat de ipso dampno emendationem aliquam a comuni.

305. [XI] NO RESTITUTION SHOULD BE MADE FOR A LOSS CAUSED IN
         A PROPERTY PLACED UNDER A BANN BY ANYONE OTHER
           THAN A CONSUL.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that anyone, who
 causes any possession which he holds from the Curia of
 Biella to be advertised [for sale] by anyone other than the
 consul's crier or by their command, should be held on
 contempt.  And, if any loss should be incurred by the own in
 that possession, he should not receive any compensation from
   the Commune for that loss.


306. [XII] PENA PONENTIUM IGNEM IN NATIUITATE CUM CEREI AD
            SANCTUM STEPHANUM DEFERUNTUR.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona. In die
 natiuitatis domini quando cerei portantur de placio ad
 sanctum stephanum non debeat nec pressumat ponere ignem in
 aliqua cessia seu uel capillis uel pannis alicuius et qui
 contrfecerit soluat bannum sol. quinque. et emendet dapnum
   Et quilibet possit accussare.

306. [XII] THE PENALTY FOR SETTING A FIRE WITH CANDLES
          DURING THE CHRISTMAS SEASON AT ST. STEPHAN'S IS
            SET ASIDE.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no person on
 the days of the Lord's Nativity when candles are carried
 from the public square to St. Stephen's should either dare
 to or presume to set a fire in anyone's property, vineyard,
 pasture, or pannage; and, he, who violates [this bann],
 should pay five solidi as a fine and he should restore the
   loss.  And, anyone can make an accusation.


298. [XIII] NON RESTITUATUR DAMPNUM ILLATUM EIS QUIS COMUNIS
             RECUSANT HONERA SUBSTINERE.

    Item statutum est quod non emendetur de comuni bugelle.
 illi. cui factum fuerit dampnum aliquod uel guastum. In
 aliqua terra uel possessione de qua soluerit fodrum alibi
 quam communi bugelle. Seu que sit extra curiam uel
   destrictum comunis bugelle seu uernati.

298. [XIII] THE LOSS FOR THOSE WHO HAVE REFUSED TO SUSTAIN
           THE HONORS OF THE COMMUNE SHOULD NOT BE
             RESTORED.

    In the same way, it has been decree that compensation
 may not be granted by the commune to anyone who has caused
 any loss or damage to another person on any land or
 possession from which feudal dues are paid anywhere other
 than to the Comune of Biella or which is outside of the
   curia or district of the Commune of Biella or Vernatum.

307. Item statutum et ordinatum est quod si factum fuerit
 aliquod dampnum uel uastum uel iniuria alicui persone de
 bugella seu habitanti in bugella in bonis suis et rebus
 mobilibus et immobilibus terris uel possessionibus siue sint
 in curte et territorio bugelle et Vernati siue alibi. et
 dicta persona homo uel femina se defendat de iure uel de
 facto. a frodis. fictis. talijs. bannis. dacitis. et
 collectis. impositis et imponendis per comune et homines
 bugelle. uel qui non soluat fodra dacita colecta et honera
 substineat cum comuni et hominibus de bugella. quod illud
 dapnum iniuria uel uastum ei uel eis non restituatur nec
   restitui debeat a comuni nec ab hominibus de bugella.

 307.

    In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that,
 if any loss, destruction or injury should have been incurred
 by any person from Biella or by any person living in Biella
 in their goods, mobile or immobile property, lands or
 possessions, whether they are in the holdings or territory
 of Biella and Vernatum or elsewhere, the aforesaid person,
 male or female, may defend himself\herself by reason be
 reason of the law, deed, fyrd (military service), fict (land
 service) tallage, fines, endowments, collections,
 impositions, or costs imposed by the commune and men of
 Biella.  And, [it is understood] that he, who does not pay
 military service, endowments, or collections and who does
 not sustain his honors with the commune and men of Biella,
 should not have his loss, injury, or damage restored to him
 and the loss, injury, or damage should not be restored to
   him by the commune and men of Biella.






XVIII. RUBRICA DE TABERNIS ET TABERNARIJS.

        XVIII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING TAVERNS AND INNKEEPERS.

308. [I] PUNIATUR VENDENS EMENS ET PONENS UINUM IN SIPHO
          CONTRA STATUTUM

    Statutum est quod nulla persona debeat vendere vinum in
 bugella plus XII. denar. quartinum et teneantur venditores
 vini ponere craterem siue medium quartinum. In manibus
 potatorum vel ante ipsos. ante quam ponant ipsum In miolo
 siue In cupa et dare rectam menssuram omnibis. Et qui
 contrafecerit in aliquo soluat bannum qualibet vice. sol.
 quinque. pp. et ille uel illi quibus daretur male
 menssuratum possint accussare Iurando et habeat suam partem
 banni. bannum tantum ponendi vinum In mjolo uel sypho sit
 sol. II. et consules yeneantur inquirere de hijs qui
   vendiderint vinum plus quam continetur In statuto.
    et quod non possit in credencia quod detur licencia
 quod uendatur plus ante festum sancti Iohannis. et si
 uendiderit uinum ultra id quod ordinatum fuerit per comune
 quod il illa domo in qua uenditum fuerit uinum non possit
 uendi uinum nec panis toto tempore dicti consolatus et
 accusas predicta occassione teneantur consules facere
 iudicari Infra menssem postquam facte fuerint et ipsis
 iudicatis domum faciant imbandari. Infra VIII. dies et
 consules teneantur inquirere quocienscunque fuerit eis
   denuntiatum. uel ad ipsorum peruenerit notitiam.

308. [I] BUYING, SELLING, AND PUTTING WINE INTO A GOBLET
          AGAINST THE STATUTE SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

     It has been that no person should sell wine in Biella
 at more than XII denarii per quartinum and the sellers of
 wine are obliged to put [the wine] in a bowl, a quart, or a
 half quart into the hands of those who are drinking or put
 it in front of them. And, before they put the wine in a
 goblet or a cup, they are to give a correct measure to all.
 And he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of five
 solidi pp for each offence.  And he or they to whom  a bad
 measure has been given can accuse on their sworn oath and
 they may have a portion of the fine.  The fine for only
 putting the wine in a globlet or glass should be two solidi
 and the consuls are obliged to investigate those persons who
   sell wine more than is contained in the statute.
    And, [it is understood] that no one go into the
 Credencia to get a licence to sell more wine before the
 Feast of St. John than the Commune has ordained and if he
 does sell more wine than is allowed by the commune, [it is
 understood] that wine and bread can not be sold in the
 household in which it had been sold during the entire term
 of the aforesaid consulate; and, the consuls are obliged to
 see to it that those who have been accused of the aforesaid
 [violations] are brought to trial within a month after the
 deed was done, and, after these cases have been adjudicated,
 the consuls should see to it that the house is cordoned off
 within eight days.  And, the consuls are obliged to
 investigate each and every time that something is reported
   to them or brought to their attention.


312. Item statutum et ordinatum est quod quelibet persona
 que uendiderit uinum ultra quantitate positam et
 determinatam per comune bugelle. soluat pro qualibet
 mensura. sol. V. pp. et ille qui soluerit et emerit dictum
 uinum soluat bannum sol. II. pp. nisi accusauerit illum qui
 sibi uendiderit dictum vinum. et si accusauerit illum qui
   uendiderit non teneatur de banno.

312.  In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that
 any person who sells wine beyond the quantity established
 and determined by the Commune of Biella should pay five
 solidi pp. for each measure and that the man who buys and
 pays for the aforesaid [additional measure of] wine should
 pay a fine of two solidi pp., unless it is he who has
 accused the man who had sold the wine to him; and, if he has
 accused the man who sold the wine, he should not be bound by
   the fine.


 309. [II] VLTRA NUMATAM IN SIFO QUIS VENDERE NON PRESUMAT.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona que vendat vinum.
 non debeat dare nisi tantum numatam vini in vno sypho. nisi
 daret ad menssuram quartini uel medij quartini. uel tercij
 uel quarti. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro qualibet
   vice sol. quinque pp.

309. [II] NO ONE SHOULD DARE TO SELL MORE WINE THAN THAT
           WHICH IS CONTAINED IN A GOBLET.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that any person
 who sells wine should not serve it in a goblet, unless it is
 a full measure and given as a quart, half quart, third
 quart, or a quarter quart.  And, he, who violates [this
   bvann], should pay five solidi for each and every offence.


310. [III] PENA VENDENTIS VINUM EI QUI NON TENETUR HONERA
            SUBSTINERE.

    Item statutum est quod nullus debeat dare suum vinum ad
 uendendum in domo sua. aliqui persone que non faciat guaciam
 et alia et sit subditus dicto comuni. et soluat fodrum banna
 sustineat et honera. et sit subditus quo ad munera realia et
 personalia cum comuni bugelle sicut alij homines bugelle et
 qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. XX. pp. Et si aliquis
 daret alicui vinum ad vendendum uel locaret nec faceret
 vendere alicui qui nollet attendere banna quod ille cuius
   esset vinum teneatur soluere banna.

310. [III] THE PENALTY FOR SELLING WINE TO A PERSON WHO IS
          NOT OBLIGATED TO SUSTAIN THE HONORS [OF THE
            COMMUNE].

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should
 offer his own wine for sale in his own home to any person
 who has not given surety and other things and who is not a
 subject of the aforesaid commune.  And, he, who should pay
 dues and fines, sustain honors, and be subject to the real
 and personal dues of the Commune of Biella as are the other
 men of Biella.  And, he, who violates [this bann], should
 pay a fine of twenty solidi pp.  And, if anyone should offer
 wine for sale to anyone or rent a home and not see to it
 that wine is not sold to anyone who does not wish to heed
   the banns which are his, he is obliged to pay the fines.


311. [IIII] EMENTES ET VENDENTES POST CAMPANAM CUSTODIE
             PUNIANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod aliquis de bugella qui inventus
 fuerit in aliqua taberna post quam campana custodum pulsata
 fuerit siue libat uel comedet siue non. soluat bannum. sol.
 quinque pro qualibet vice. Et tauernarius soluat simile
   bannum.

311. [IIII] THOSE WHO ARE BUYING AND SELLING [WINE] AFTER
             THE SOUNDING OF THE NIGHT WATCH'S BELL.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that any person
 from Biella, who is to be found in any tavern after the
 guard's bell has been sounded, whether he is drinking or
 eating or not, he should pay a fine of five solidi pp. for
   each offence; and the innkeeper should pay a similar fine.


 313. [V] VINUM VENDENTES CLAUSO HOSTIO PUNIANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod qui uendiderit vinum ostio
 clauso de die soluat pro qualibet vice sol. XX. et consules
   teneantur inquirere quociens fuerit eis denuntiatum.

313. [V] THOSE WHO SELL WINE TO AN INCARCERATED ENEMY SHOULD
          BE PUNISHED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that he who sells
 wine after the door has been closed for the day should pay a
 fine of twenty solidi for each offence and the consuls are
 obliged to investigate each and every time something is
   reported to them.


 314.  PENA VENDENTIS VINUM AD MINUTUM CONTRA STATUTA.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non possit
 vendere vinum ad minutum nisi ad pintas totundas. latas de
 supter et strictas de super. secundum quod sunt pinte quas
 habet comune et mensurent vinum ita quod semper spargat de
 foris. et qui uendiderit ad aliam mensuram. solat. pro
 qualibet vice et qualibet mensura mensura sol. XV. et
 consules omni mense semel contra tabernarios inquirere.
 teneantur. et quod omnes mensure in quibus inuente fuerint
 aditiones appositiones adiunctiones sofisticationes. preter
 quam illud quod habent tempore confectionis. et que non
 habent laborem liberum et rotundum. habeantur pro falsis.
   ita quod a banno nullatenus excusentur.

314.  THE PENALTY FOR THOSE WHO SELL WINE FOR A COIN AGAINST
       THE STATUTE.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one can
 sell wine by the coin (drink?), unless [the wine is in]
 round pints, that are as wide or as narrow as to be in
 accordance with the standard for pint [measures] which the
 commune has to measure wine so that it always flows less
 freely from the markets.  And, he, who sells at some other
 measure, should pay fifteen solidi for each and every
 measure and the consuls are obliged each month at the same
 time to investigate the innkeepers.  And, [it is understood]
 that all of the measures in which additions, applications,
 addons, and underpinings have been found, with the exception
 of those which they had had when the measures were made and
 which do not have a free style and rounded workmanship,
 should be considered to be false (measures) and thus in no
   way excused from the bann.






    XIX. RUBRICA DE RUGIA

             XIX. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE EMBANKMENTS

315. [I] A MOLENDINO SUPERIUS RUGIAM QUIS RUMPERE NON SIT
          AUSUS.

    Statutum est quod qui traheret rugiam placij de suo
 lecto a molendino placij superius sine licencia soluat sol.
   X. pp.

315. [I] NO ONE SHOULD DARE TO DISRUPT THE EMBANKED
          WATERCOURSES FROM ABOVE THE MILL.

    It has been decreed that he, who makes a ditch from his
 latrine to the embanked watercourses of the public square
 from above the mill of the public square without permission,
   should pay a fine of ten solidi pp.


316. [II] PUNIANTUR IN RUGIA TURPITUDINEM FATIENTES ET QUE
           SIT INQUISITIO FATIENDA.

    Item statutum est quod illa persona que deturparet uel
 fedaret rugiam uel que faceret sozuram in ea. a ponte
 prexonerie usque ad canales doloe soluat bannum sol. decem.
 Eo saluo quod quisque possit vtilitatem suam facere. In
 rugia a tercia in antea excepto quod nulli ponere in ipsa
 rugia nec lauere pannos fedatos nec menuta bestiarum nec
 coria neque pelles nec aliquod pilum calcinentum nec aliquod
 bruterium coriorum nec alterius rei nec facere in ipsa
 aliquem sozuram. et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. X.
 pp. et quilibet possit accussare.  Et consules teneantur
   inquirere.

316. [II] THOSE WHO CAUSE FILTH IN THE EMBANKED WATERCOURSES
         SHOULD BE PUNISHED AND INSPECTIONS SHOULD BE
           INITIATED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that the person,
 who fouls or dirties the embanked waterway or who causes any
 [foul] discharge into it from the bridge of Prexoneria all
 the way to the canals of Doloa, should pay a fine of ten
 solidi.  Saving that anyone can make something for his own
 advantage on the first third of the enbankment of the
 watercourse with the exception that no one can wash clothing
 [there] or dump into the watercourse any bloody meat,
 intestines, or skins of animals, or lime-covered pelts, or
 any butchers' waste from the intestines or of any other part
 of an animal, or cause any foul waste in the waterway; and,
 he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of ten
 solidi pp. and anyone can accuse and the consuls are obliged
   to investigate.


319. Item statutum est quod nulla persona possit nec debeat
 tenere aliquam strumeriam neque facere aliquam sozuram que
 possit labi neque fedare rugiam placij. Et qui
 contrafecerit. soluat bannum. sol. decem. pp. et postea eam
 altet taliter non fedet ipsam rugiam. et qui non altauerit
 soluat bannum pro qualibet edomada post quam ei preceptum
 fuerit quod eam altet. sol. V. pp. Et consules teneantur bis
 in anno inquirere totam rugiam per placium et si unuenerint
 ibi aliquod bruterium uel sozuram faciant altari et auferri.
 et consules teneantur singulis mensibus mittere duos
 officiales ad inquirendum stimerias et aquarolios
   descendentes in rugiam.

319. In the same way, it has been decreed that no one can
 nor should keep any debris or cause any pollution which can
 wash away and which can dirty the embankment of the public
 square.  And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay ten
 solidi pp. and afterwards he should clean up the pollution
 so that it will not dirty the embankment; and, he, who does
 not clean up, should pay the fine [of ten solidi pp.] for
 each week after he had been ordered to clean up the
 pollution.  And, the consuls are obliged twice a year to
 investigate the entire embankment bordoring on the public
 square and, if they find any waste or pollution there, they
 should cause it to be cleaned up and carried off.  And, the
 consuls are obliged monthly to send two officials to
 investigate the drains and water pipes leading down into the
   embanked waterway.


 317. [III] IN TRIUOLO CANALIBUS UEL FORTELICIJS OFFENDENTES.

    Item statutum est quod qui runperet triuolum uel
 canales uel qui offenderet in aliquod bastimentum placij et
 plani soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. LX.
 pp. et emendet dampnum et quilibet possit accussare palam et
   priuatim et consules teneantur inquirere.

317. [III] THOSE WHO CAUSE DAMAGE IN THE CROSSROAD, THE
            CANALS, OR THE FORTIFICATIONS.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who
 damages or destroys ditches or canals or who causes offence
 in any low spot of the public square or the open area,
 should pay a fine of sixty solidi pp. for each and every
 offence and he should repair the damage.  And, anyone may
 accuse openly or in private and the consuls are obliged to
   investigate.


318.  [IIII] BESTIE INTRANTES RUGIAM INFRA TERTIAM
              PUNIANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod nullus dimitat ire suos porcos
 neque anseres  neque aneas In rugia usque terciam et qui
   contrafecerit. soluat bannum denar. VI. pro qualibet vice.

318. [IIII] ANIMALS WHO ENTER THE EMBANKED WATERWAY WITHIN
             THE THIRD HOUR SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should
 allow his pigs, ganders, or sows to go onto the embankments
 up to the third hour and, he, who violates [this bann],
   should pay a fine of six denarii for each offence.


320. [V] ANTE DOMUM PROPRIAM DEBET QUID PONTEM PROPRIIS
          SUMPTIBUS CONSERUARE.

    Item statutum est quod quilibet habens pontem super
 rugiam ante domum suam debeat illum tenere actatum bonum et
 bene actatum et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum. sol. V. pp.
   Et consules teneabtur eos Inquirere bis in anno.

320. [V] A PERSON SHOULD MAINTAIN A BRIDGE IN FRONT OF HIS
          OWN HOME WITH HIS OWN RESOURCES.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that anyone, who
 has a bridge over the embanked waterway in front of his
 home, should maintain the structure in good and sound repair
 and he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of five
 solidi.  And, the consuls are obliged to investigate those
   [bridges] twice a year.


321. [VI] QUOMODO QUANDO ET QUO TEMPORE PER PLANUM RUGIA SIT
           DUCENDA.

    Item statutum est quod quilibet qui voluerit ducere
 Rugiam per planum debeat prius dare sol. LX. pp. et ducat
 ubique ab hora none usque ad ortum solis tantum. et quod
 nullus possit eam ducere. a medio junio usque ad sanctum
 eussebium. et a sancta maria de septembris usque ad festum
 omnium sanctorum et illa persona que ducere uel duci faceret
 ipsam rugiam sine licencia omnium consulum. soluat. sol. XL.
 pro banno. et sol. LX.  pra menatura nisi esset causa ignis
 accenssi uel uenti.  Et consules teneantur denunciare illi
 uel illis qui ducet rugiam quod debeant dimitere venire per
 placium quartam partem dicte rugie sub banno sol. quinque.
 pp. et consules excutere teneantur per eorum Inquissicionem.
 Ita tamen quod illi qui haberent licenciam ducendi dictam
 Rugiam non possint eam capere nisi ubi est facta porta. et
 qui contrafecerit soluat pro qualibet vice sol. XL. pp. et
 consules teneantur per eorum sacramentum tenere altatam
 dictam portam et ibi facere tenere vnum foramen vnde possit
   venire quarta pars dicte rugie per placium.

321. [VI] HOW, HOW MUCH, AND AT WHAT TIME EMBANKED
         WATERCOURSES MAY BE DRAWN THROUGH THE PUBLIC
           SQUARE.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that anyone who
 wishes to draw [water from] the embanked waterway through
 the level area should give sixty solidi pp. beforehand and
 he should draw [the water] to whatever site only from the
 Ninth Hour until sunrise.  And, [it is understood] that no
 one can draw water from the middle of June until the Feast
 of St. Eusebius and from the Feast of St. Mary in september
 to the Feast of All Saints.  And, the person, who draws or
 causes water to be drawn from the embanked waterway without
 the permission of all of the consuls, should pay forty
 solidi as a fine and sixty solidi per dwelling (menatura)
 unless it is because of a burning and spreading fire.  And,
 the consuls are obliged to report the person or persons, who
 are constructing a ditch, so that they should require that a
 quarter portion of the ditch come through the public square
 under a fine of five solidi pp.; and, the consuls are
 obliged to investigate this through their own inquiry so
 that those who have permission  to construct ditches can not
 place the ditch at any point other than where a [water]gate
 has already been made.  And, he, who violates [this bann],
 should pay forty solidi pp. as a fine and the consuls are
 obliged by their sworn oath to keep the aforesaid sluice
 gate raised and to see to it that one outflow is maintained
 from which the quarter portion of the aforesaid waterway can
   come through the public square.


 322. [VII] PER COSTAS PLACIJ ET UERNATI RUGIA NON DUCATUR.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona vndecunque sit
 non possit ducere nec duci facere Rugiam per costam andurni.
 nec per costam glare. nec per costam vernati. et qui
 contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice
 sol. XL. pp. nisi esset necessitas ignis accenssi.  Et
   consules teneantur Inquirere.

322. [VII] THE EMBANKED WATERCOURSES MAY NOT BE DRAWN
          THROUGH THE MARGINS OF THE PUBLIC SQUARE AND OF
            VERNATUM.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one,
 whomever he might be, can construct a ditch or cause a ditch
 to be constructed through the environs (costra) of Andurnum,
 Glara, or vernatum.  And, he, who violates [this bann],
 should pay a fine of forty solidi for each and every
 offence, unless there is the necessity of a burning fire.
   And, the consuls are obliged to investigate.


323. [VIII] PROPE CANALES PER QUATUOR PERTICA RUGIA NON
             FRANGATUR.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non debeat
 Ronpere nec Ronpi facere Rugiam placij.  In aliquibus
 canalibus Rugie nec prope ipsas canales per quatuor
 perticas. Et qui contrafecerit uel fieri fecerit soluat
 bannum pro quolibet et qualibet uice. sol. XX. pp. et
 consules non possit dare licenciam set teneantur Inquirere
 si siuerint uel si fuerit eis denunciatum et tenere
   denunciatores priuatos.

323. [VIII] THE EMBANKED WATERCOURSES SHOULD NOT BE BROKEN
           ALONGSIDE THE CANALS FOR A DISTANCE OF FOUR
             "PERTICAS".

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should
 destroy or cause the embanked waterway of the public square
 to be destroyed.  There should be no destruction in any of
 the canals of the waterways or near those canals for a
 distance of four perticas.  And, he, who violates [this
 bann] or causes it to be violated, should pay a fine of
 twenty solidi pp. for each and every offence and the consuls
 can not grant a dispensation, but rather are obliged to
 investigate if they have knowledge [of a violation] or if
 one has been reported to them.  And, they are obliged to
   keep the informers' names confidential.


 324. [VIIII] LAUANTES MANUS IN RUGIA ANTE TERTIAM PUNIANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod qui se lauauerit manus in Rugia
   ante terciam soluat bannum sol. II. pp.

324. [VIIII] THOSE WHO WASH THEIR HANDS IN THE EMBANKED
            WATERWAYS BEFORE THE THIRD HOUR SHOULD BE
              PUNISHED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who
 washes his hands in the embanked waterway before the Third
   Hour, should pay a fine of two solidi pp.


 325. [X] PER UIAM GLARIE RUGIA NON DUCATUR.

    Item statutum est quod aliquis non possit nec debeat
 ducere. nec duci facere Rugiam placij per viam glare. a
 Rugia usque ad platheam de rouore. Et qui contrafecerit
 soluat bannum sol. XX. pp. et de comuni sol. XX. pp. pro
 menatura. et consules possint exinde dare licenciam dando
   sol. XX. pp. secundum formam alterius statuti rugie.

325. [X] THE EMBANKED WATERWAYS SHOULD NOT BE DRAWN THROUGH
          THE ROAD TO GLARIA.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one can
 nor should draw or cause the embanked waterway of the public
 square to be drawn through the Road to Glara from the
 embanked waterway all the way to the public sqaure of rouos.
 And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of 20
 solidi pp. and from the commune [of the offender] twenty
 solidi pp. should be paid for the outflow [menatura].  And,
 the consuls can not grant a dispensation therefrom by giving
 twenty solidi pp. according to the form of another statute
   of the Embanked Waterways.


326. [XI] A PONTE TORRATIE SUPERIUS FRANGENTES RUGIAM
           PUNIANTUR.

    Item statutum et ordinatum est quod omnes et singuli de
 bugella frangentes seu Rupi facientes rugiam placij a
 triuolo inferius vsque ad pontem toracie seu ducentes aquam
 de dicta Rugia teneantur emendare dapnum datum eorum causa
 ocaxione dicte fractionis seu ducture acque. et actare uiam
 seu canales ac dapna data predictarum ocasione et prestare
 securitatem ydoneam in manibus consulum de predictis omnibus
   et singulis atendendis et firmiter obseruendis.

326. [XI] THOSE WHO DAMAGE THE ENBANKED WATERCOURSES FROM
           ABOVE THE bRIDGE OF TORRATIA SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

    In the same way, it is decreed and ordained that each
 and every one of the men of Biella, who breaks or causes the
 embankment of the public square to be breached from below
 the scoop of the windmill to the bridge of Toracia or who is
 drawing water from the embanked waterway, is obliged to
 render compensation for the damage caused on his behalf on
 the occasion of the aforesaid breaking [of the embankment]
 or drawing of water; and, he is obliged to repair the road
 or canals and the damages caused on the occasion of the
 aforesaid project.  And, they are to place suitable security
 in the hands of the consuls so that each and every one of
 the aforesaid matters may be attended to and firmly
   observed.


327. [XII] VBI PER QUOS FRANGATUR RUGIA SI IN PLATIUM
            INCENDIUM ORIATUR.

    Item quod quocienscunque ortum fuerit incendium in
 plano quod Gisulfus de berta rubea et alij qui pro
 temporibus stabunt ubi ipse nunc habitat teneantur frangere
 rugiam incontinenti.  et ipsam uoluere uersus planum. et
 ille qui uuoluerit sit absolutus a faciendis Guachis et
   laboribus personalibus comunis.

327. [XII] WHERE AND BY WHOM THE EMBANKED WATERCOURSES MAY
          BE BROKEN, IF A FIRE SHOULD BREAK OUT IN THE
            PUBLIC SQUARE.

    In the same way, [it is understood] that, whenever fire
 breaks out in the level area where Gisulfus de Berta Rubea
 and others who will be living where he himself now lives,
 they are immediately  obliged to breach the embankment and
 flood that water across the level land.  And, the person,
 who floods [the level area], is absolved from making (guacha
 = wacha) payments for the dead and the personal services to
   the Commune.


 328. NEMO TRAHAT RUGIAM PLANI DE SUO LOCO.

    Item statutum et ordinatum est quod aliqua persona non
 debeat trahere rugiam plani bugelle de suo proprio loco
 assignato per comune et qui eam traxerit ad ducendum alibi
 soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. XX. pp. Et
 qui eam abotauerit intra fossata plani ita quod spargat in
 via soluat bannum sol. II. pp. pro quolibet et qualibet
 vice.  Et consules teneantur omni anno ponere vnum custodem
 priuatum ad custodiam dicte Rugie.  Et unum publicum qui sit
 exactus a laboribus viarum comunis et Guachijs et teneatur
 accusare. et quod quelibet persone ab utraque parte vie
 teneantur et debeant tenere actatam et remondatam ita quod
 non spargat in viam coram domibus suis. In pena et banno
 sol. X. pp. pro quolibet et qualibet vice. et nichilominus
 teneantur eam reficere. En consules non possint dare
   licenciam. set consules teneantur inquirere.

328. NO ONE SHOULD DRAIN WATER FROM THE EMBANKED
      WATERCOURSES OF THE PUBLIC SQUARE FOR HIS OWN LAND.

    In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that
 no one should draw the embanked waterway of the level are of
 Biella from its own proper course as it has been determined
 by the Commune; and, he, who relocates the watercourse to
 draw water anywhere else, should pay a fine of 20 solidi
 for each and every offence.  And, he, who redirects the
 water within the ditches so that it splashes onto the road,
 should pay a fine of two solidi pp. for each and every
 offence.  And, the consuls are obliged each year to station
 on private guard to guard the aforesaid embanked waterway
 and on official who is funded by the labors of the roads of
 the commune and the payments (wachia = guachia) payments.
 And, he is obliged to report [any violations of this bann].
 And, [it is understood] that each person from whichever side
 of the road is obliged to and should keep the embanked
 waterway raised and tightly packed so that water does not
 splash onto the roadway near their homes undera penalty of
 ten solidi for each and every offence and they are
 nonetheless required to make the repairs.  And, the consuls
 can not grant a dispensation, and, they are required to
   investigate [any reported violations].





XX. RUBRICA DE MOLENDINIS ET FURNIS

              XX. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING MILLS AND OVENS

329. [I] QUID CAPIANT MOLINARIJ PRO OPERIBUS FACTIS IN
          MOLENDINO.

    Statutum est quod molinarij debeant habere pro moltura
 de sestario blaue decimum octauum cupum et de caneua pro
 batitura. Et de panno pro paratura de qualibet pariete
 denar. IIII.or et debeant prius pararer hominibus de bugella
 quam forenssibus. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol.
 quinque. pp. Et ductores bladi teneantur accipere bladum ad
 pessam ab illis qui voluerint. et reducere et si quid
 deficeret ductor siue molinarius restituat. Et quod de
   forensibus possint capere ad eorum arbitrium.

329. [I] WHAT MILLERS MAY TAKE FOR THE WORK WHICH THEY DO IN
          THE MILL.

    It has been decreed that millers should have eighteen
 cups [as a measure] for the grinding of a sesterius of corn
 and for the sifting of a caneua; and, for the preparation of
 bread (grain), he should have four denarii from each paries
 [= portion], and they should prepare [the grains] of the men
 of Biella before those of foreigners.  And he, who violates
 [this bann], should pay a fine of five solidi.  And, the
 conveyers of grain are obliged to accept the grain at the
 roadside from those who wish [it to be conveyed] and to
 bring it back from [from the mill]; and, if there is any
 missing, the driver or the miller are to replace it.  And,
 it is understood that they can transport [the grain] of
   foreigners at their discretion.


330. [II] NON HABENTES FURNUM DE CUPIS COPERTUM ET QUALITER
           TAUOLI TENEANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona de bugella non
 debeat tenere aliquam furnum in bugella nisi copertum de
 cupis. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. XX. et debeat
 remouere tauolos de portucubus qui sunt super comuni.
   Incontinenti quod panis erit In furno sub banno. sol. II.

330. [II] THAT THOSE WHO DO NOT HAVE OVENS OPEN AT THE MOUTH
         AND IN WHAT WAY THEY ARE OBLIGED TO REMOVE THE
           LATCHPINS.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one from
 Biella should keep an oven in Biella unless it has been
 covered from the cups.  And, he, who violates [the bann],
 should pay a fine of twenty solidi and he should remove
 immediately the tawing aparatus from the porticos which are
 near the commune so that there will be bread in the oven
   under a penalty of two solidi.


331. [III] DUCTORES ASINORUM MOLENDINI QUE FACERE
            PROHIBENTUR DANTES EIS BIBERE PUNIUNTUR.

    Item statutum est quo nullus menator axinorum siue
 bestiarum de molendinis debeat ludere ad aliquem ludum nec
 bibere uel bibere uel comedere In aliqua taberna de bugella.
 Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet
 uice sol. quinque. pp. et simile bannum qui ei dederit
   bibere uel comedere.

331. [III] THE DRIVERS OF THE MILL'S DONKEYS WHO GIVE THEM
          WHAT THEY ARE FORBIDDEN TO DRINK SHOULD BE
            PUNISHED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no keeper of
 the asses or beasts of the mill should gamble at any game or
 eat or drink in any tavern of Biella.  And, he, who violates
 [this bann], should pay five solidi pp. for each and every
 offence and there is a similar fine for he who provides the
   drink or food.


 332. [IIII] QUID IURARE ET FACERE FORNARIUS TENEATUR.

    Item statutum est quod omnes et singuli tenentes et
 habentes furnos in bugella et stantes et habitantes In
 domibus in quibus sunt furni tam masculi quam femine maiores
 tamen. XII. annorum debeant Iurare saluitatem de rebus que
 perueniunt ad eorum furnos Infra XV. dies post festum sancti
 Martini. et qui non Iurauerit ad dictum terminum soluat
 bannum sol. X. pp. et pro qualibet edomada qua steterit quod
 non Iurauerit et quilibet fornarius siue fornaria debeat
 cochere panem quilibet danti fornatem sicut alij In banno
   sol. XX. pp.

 332. [IIII] WHAT A BAKER IS OBLIGED TO SWEAR TO AND TO DO.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that each and
 every person who keeps and maintains ovens in Biella and who
 stays and resides in homes in which there are ovens and the
 young men and women of more than 12 years [of age] should
 swear [to maintain] safety concerning those things which
 pertain to their furnaces within fifteen days after the
 Feast of St. Martin.  And, he, who does not take the oath
 before the aforesaid time limit, should pay a fine of ten
 solidi pp. for each week in which it has been established
 that he [or she] has not sworn the oath; and, each oven
 keeper, male or female, should set out bread for anyone as
 well as for he who rents out the oven under the penalty of
   twenty solidi pp.


333. [V] TENENTES IGNEM IN FURNIS TEMPORE UENTOSO DE PLANO
          UEL POST CAMPANAM ET PANEM COQUENTES.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona de bugella non
 audeat nec presumat tenere ignem in aliquo cribano plani
 bugelle post campanam custodum que pulsatur in sero usque ad
 campanam grossam que pulsatur ad matutinos. sancti stephani.
 nec tempore uentorum. Et qui contrafecerit soluat pro
 quolibet et qualibet vice sol. XX. pp. et ille qui faceret
 quoqui panem. sol. X. pp. et quilibet possit accusare palam
   et priuatim habeat suam partem banni.

333. [V] THOSE WHO BAKE BREAD AND THOSE WHO KEEP FIRE IN THE
        OVENS WHEN IT IS WINDY AND SUMMARILY AFTER THE
          RINGING OF THE BELL.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no person
 from Biella should dare or presume to keep an open fire in
 any open hearth in the level area of Biella after the
 Guards' Bell, which sounds in turn until the Great Bell
 which sounds at the Matins of St. Stephen's and also not
 during a period of [high] winds.  And, he, who violates
 [this bann], should pay twenty solidi pp. for each and every
 offence and he, who bakes any bread, should pay ten solidi
 and anyone, who accuses, secretly or openly, may have his
   portion of the fine.


334. IN MOLENDINO UNUS SOLUS ACCIPIAT MULTURAM ET
      PISTATURAM.

    Item statutum est quod in quolibet molendino sit vnus
 solus qui accipiat multuram et pistaturum de quibus non
 accipiat nec accipere possit nisi XVIII. partem per
 sacramentum per ipsum corporaliter prestitum et qui in
 aliquo contrafecerit nec multuram acceperit nisi ad predicta
 fuerit specialiter deputatus soluat pro quolibet et qualibet
   vice. sol. XX. pp.

334. AT THE MILL, ONLY ONE PERSON SHOULD ACCEPT THE GRAINS
      TO BE MILLED OR BAKED.


    In the same way, it has been decreed that there should
 be only one person who may accept that [grain] which is to
 be ground or milled from which [allotment] he neither may
 nor can accept anything other than an one eighteenth
 [portion] on his sworn oath, which, by itself, has been
 received as a corporeal oath.  And, he, who violates [this
 bann] in any way and who does not accept that [grain] which
 is to be ground, should pay twenty solidi for each and every
 offence, unless he had been specially detailed to the
   aforesaid matters.






   XXI. RUBRICA DE ALPIBUS

                 XXI. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE ALPS

335. [I] DIUERSE PENE OCCAXIONE ALPIUM ET IN IPSIS
          PASCHANTIUM. ORDINATE.

    Statutum est quod alpis de mazono debeat Incantari per
 consules de mense marcij. et qui plus dabit ipsam habeat et
 teneat ipsam a Kalendis Maij. usque ad natiuitatem  domini.
 et non permitat venire capras a sancta maria inferius nec
 facere seracia cum lapidibus. Et liceat cuilibet homini de
 bugella pascare in ipsa alpe per totum mensem maii. Et ab
 octaua sancte marie de septembris in antea. Et qui ibi
 pascauerit uel contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. XX. pro
 qualibet die. nisi se concordauerit cum impletore et
   medietas banni sunt communis. et alia medietas Inpletoris.

335. [I] DIUERSE [LAWS] ORDAINED IN REGARD TO THE ALPS AND
          THOSE WHO PASTURE [ANIMALS] IN THEM.

    It has been decreed that the mazonum (grazing
 concession) of the Alpes should be auctioned off by the
 consuls during the month of March and he who would give more
 should have [the concession] and keep it from the Kalends of
 May to the Nativity of the Lord; and, he should not permit
 goats to come [to graze] before [the Feast of] St. Mary and
 he should not make corrals with fieldstones.  And, any man
 of Biella is permitted to graze [his animals] throughout the
 entire month of May from the Octave of St. Mary at the
 beginning of September.  And, he, who has grazed there or
 who has violated [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty
 solidi pp. for each day unless he will have made an
 agreement with the [successful] bidder in the auction. Half
 of the fine belongs to the commune and the other half to the
   bidder.


336. Item statutum est quod inpletores alpium non possint
 vendere erbam alicui persone extranee. et consules teneantur
   inquirere.

336. In the same way, it has been decreed that those who are
 fulfilling the contract of the Alps can not silage to any
 foreigner, and, the consuls are obliged to investigate [any
   accusations of contractual malfeasance].



337. Item statutum est quod nulla persona de bugella debeat
 uel presumat vendere erban alicuius alpis alcui homini de
 extra bugellam et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro
   qualibet vice sol. XX. pp. Et consules teneantur Inquirere.

337. In the same way, it has been decreed that no person
 from Biella should dare to or presume to sell the silage of
 any mountainside to any man from outside of Biella; and, he,
 who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi
 pp. for each offence.  And, the consuls are obliged to
   investigate.

338. Item statutum est quod nulla persona debeat Ire pascare
 neque seare nec facere aliquod dampnum super alpibus a
 tempore cride facte per consules in antea.  Et qui
 contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. XX. et medietas banni sit
 communis. et alia medietas inpletoris. Et consules teneantur
 facere cridari in bannum dictas alpes. a Kalendis maii.
   usque ad sanctam michaelem. Excepto de mazono.

338. In the same way, it has been decreed that no person
 should go to pasture [animals], cut [hay], or cause any loss
 in the apline meadows belonging to others from the time
 announced beforehand by the consuls.  And, he, who violates
 [this bann], should  pay a fine of twenty solidi and half of
 the fine belongs to the commune and the other half to the
 holder of the concession.  And, the consuls are obliged to
 see to it that the bann is announced in the aforesaid alpine
 meadows from the Kalends of May until the Feast of St.
   Michael, with the exception of during the harvest.


339. Item statutum est quod nullus teneat porchos In alpibus
 mararie et noche superioris et inferioris. Et qui
 contrafecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol.
 quinque. pp. et quilibet possit accussare. et consules non
   possint dare licenciam.

339. In the same way, it has been decreed that no one may
 keep pigs in the alpine meadows above and below Mararia and
 Nocha.  And, he, who villates [this bann], should pay
 fifteen solidi pp. for each and every offence; and, anyone
   can accuse and the consuls can not grant a dispensation.


340. Item statutum est et ordinatum quod aliqua persona non
 possit tenere capras in alpibus nec In commitalibus bugelle.
 a sancto martino usque ad kalendas maij. Et qui contrafecer-
 it soluat bannum sol. XX. pp. alijs statutis remanentibus in
 eodem statu.  Ita quod istud statutum non derogetur alijs in
   aliquo videlicet de capris.

340. In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that
 any person can not keep goats in the alpine meadows nor in
 the commissary lands of Biella from the Feats of St. Martin
 to the Kalends of May.  And, he who violates [this bann],
 should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp., while the other
 statutes remain inthe same place.  Thus, [it is understood]
 that this statute should not be downgraded for the other
   statutes in any way, certainly in regard to goats.

341. Item statutum quod omnes de bugella habeant omni anno
 alpem niazoni. pro libr. XXXII. pp. dummodo faciant securos
 consules in kalendis Marcij de soluendos dictis denarijs et
 dare seracium unum confrarie et vnum consulibus et IIIIor
 casseos et casseum unum notario et vnum seruitori que
 seracia valeant pro quolibet sol. XX. pp. et quilibet
 casseus sol. V. pp. pro predicta alpe niazoni. Et si
 predicta non fecerint consules teneantur eam incantare eo
 pacto quod nullus forensis ibi pascare et quilibet de
 bugella possint ibi pro dicto precio pasculari.  Et
 inpletores possint habere ultra predictam quantitatem pro
 eorum labore sol. XL. pp. a pascantibus. aliis statutis de
 alpibus in suo robore durantibus. Et qui duxerit bestias
 forensium aliquo modo uel ingenio soluat pro qualibet die
 sol. XX. pp. et quod impletores teneantur soluisse infra
 octauam santi Michaelis predictos denarios seracios et
 caseum  sub predicta pena. Et si predicta alpis non fuerit
 vendita per predictum modum consules teneantur eam incantare
 eo pacto quod nullus forenssis ibi pascari possit nec
 aliquis eciam de bugella possit ibi tenere bestias nisi
   fuerit in concordia cum incantatore qui emerit a comuni.

341. In the same way, it has been decreed that all men of
 Biella should have (the use of) an Alpine meadow in Niazonum
 for an entire year for twenty two pounds pp. as long as the
 consuls see to it that the lessors have made surety during
 the Kalends of March from the payment of the aforesaid
 denarii; they are also to see to it that the lessors give
 one acre's rent (the right to remove dung from the acre)
 from the association, one acre's rent and four cheeses to
 the consuls, one to the notary, and one to the servant.  The
 service is worth twenty solidi for each and each cheese is
 worth five solidi pp. for the Alpine meadow of Niazonum.
 And, if the consuls do not take care of the aforesaid
 matters, they are obliged to auction off this concession by
 virtue of the agreement so that no foreigner can graze there
 and so that anyone from Biella can graze there at the
 aforesaid price.  And, the tenants can have forty solidi pp.
 more than the aforesaid quantity for their labor from the
 persons who are pasturing [their animals] while the other
 statutes concerning the Alpine meadows remain in force.
 And, the persons, who leads the animals of foreigners by any
 manner or artifice [into the Alpine meadows] should pay
 twenty solidi pp. for each day and the tenants are obliged
 to have paid the aforesaid denarii, acre service fees, and
 cheese under the aforesaid penalty within the Octave of St.
 Michael.  And, if the aforesaid (concession) of the Alpine
 meadows of the Alpine meadow has not been sold in the
 aforesaid manner, the consuls are obliged to auction that
 concession according to this agreement so that no foreigner
 can graze there and so that no one from Biella can keep his
 animals there unless it was he who bought that concession
   from the commune in an agreement with the auctioneer.






XXII. RUBRICA EXTRAORDINARIA.

                  XXII. THE EXTRAORDINARY RUBRICS.

 342. [I] CONTRA COMUNE ORDINANS PUNIATUR.

    Statutum est quod aliqua persona de bugella non faciat
 aliquod ordinamentum uel conuentum contrarium comunis uel
 maiori parti comunis et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol.
 XX. pp. Et postea cassetur illud ordinamentum uel contractus
   seu conuentus.

342. [I] HE WHO ENACTS [LEGISLATION] AGAINST THE COMMUNE
          SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no person
 should make any ordinance or any convention that is contrary
 to [the interests of] the commune or a mjor portion of the
 commune; and, he, who violates [this bann] should pay a fine
 of twenty solidi pp.  And afterwards, the ordinance,
   contract, or agreement is quashed.


 343. [II] PENA CONTRA DANTES AUXILIUM DEFFERENTES ARMA.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non debeat dare
 albergum nec ospicium nec bibere uel comedere nec aliquam
 mercandiam facere cum eo qui portaret arma publica. per
 burgum placij. et plani bugelle nec domum sub aliquo titulo
 concedere. nec dare aliquod auxilium uel fauorem. Et qui
 contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. X. pp. et pro qualibet
 edomada postea auferat ei domum. Et consules non possint
   dare licenciam.

343. [II] THE PENALTY AGAINST THOSE WHO GIVE AID TO THOSE
           WHO ARE BEARING ARMS.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no person
 should dare to extend military assistance (albergus =
 hauberk\habergeon) or hospitality, food, drink, or enter
 into any commercial transaction with a person who carries
 public arms to the square of the town or to the open places
 of Biella, or, transfer ownership of a home [to him] under
 any title.  And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a
 fine of ten solidi pp. and [another ten solidi pp.] also for
 each week after he has conveyed that home to that person.
   And, the consuls can not grant a dispensation.


351. Item statutum est quod nulla persona de bugella debeat
 dare bibere uel comedere nec hospicium dare aliqui persone
 vndecumque sit que portet cutellum  maiorem vltra menssuram
 positam pro comuni bugelle nec ensem. nec alia arma. que
 alijs offenssiones dare possent. Et qui contrafecerit soluat
 bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. X. pp. et quilibet
 sit accussator et habeat suam partem banni.  Et consules non
 possint dare licenciam. nisi ille qui accussatus fuerit
   jurauerit se illum nescire habere cutellum maiorem nec arma.

351.  In the same way, it has been decreed that no person
 from biella should dare to give drink, food or hospitality
 to any person whomsoever who is carrying a knife that is
 larger than the measure established for the commune of
 Biella, nor a sword, or any other weapon that can cause harm
 to others.  And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a
 fine of ten solidi pp. for each and every offence.  And,
 anyone may be an accuser and he may have his portion of the
 fine.  And, the consuls can not grant a dispensation unless
 the person who has been accused has sworn that he did not
 know that he should not have been in possession of the knife
   of sword.


344. [III] REDDI DEBENT PATRIBUS ET DOMINIS PIGNORA SINE
            PRECIO. CAPTA A FILIJS ET UASSALLIS.

    Item statutum est quod qui prestiterit alicui filio uel
 uassallo uel vxori uel alicui alteri de familia alicuius
 hominis de bugella qui sit in potestate ipsius patris uel
 domini sui super aliquo pignore ipsius hominis redat illus
 pignus ipsi patri uel domino sine solucione uel redencione
 aliqua. si pater uel dminus illius qui eum impignorauerit
 monstrauerit illud pignus esse suum. uel si sub aliquo
   titulo uel causa eum habuerit uel receperit.

344. [III] SURETIES WITHOUT VALUE TAKEN FROM SONS AND
            VASSALS SHOULD BE RETURNED TO FATHERS AND LORDS.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who makes
 a loan to any son, vassal, wife, or any other member of the
 household of any man of Biella who is in the power of his
 father or lord on any pledge of that man, should return the
 pledge to the father or lord without payment or any
 redemption (interest?), if the father or lord of the person,
 who had made the pledge to him, has demonstrated that the
 pledge belongs to him ot if he owns or has received it under
   any title or legal action.


 345. [IIII] STATUTA DE SPONSIS EUNTIBUS EXTRA TERRAM.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua sponssa que vadat extra
 bugellam que non habeat plures quinquaginta libris in docte
 non teneatur dare regi. nisi sol. quinque. pp. si uero
 habuerit a plus usque ad centum habeat sol. X. si vero
 habuerit Centum. teneatur dare sol. XX. pp. Et si habuerit
 CC. teneatur dare sol. XL. pp. Et pro quolibet centonario
 sol. XX. usque ad mille libr. et a mille superius petere
 possit.  Et de omni quantitate teneatur rex dare sponse
 terciam partem dictarum quantitatum. Et si qua sponsa
 perueniret extranea ad hospicium in bugella. quod  dictus
 rex nec eius  sequaces nichil habere debeat nec eciam eam
 impedire possint. Et qui contrafecerit soluat rex. sol. LX.
 et quilibet de familia sol. XX. pp.  Et consules teneantur
 dictam sponsam pro precio predicto si inde fuerint requisiti
   facere ipsam relaxari.

345. [IIII] THE STATUTE CONCERNING SPOUSES WHO ARE GOING
             OUTSIDE OF THE TERRITORY [OF BIELLA].

    In the same way, it has been decreed that any spouse
 who goes outside of Biella who does not have more than fifty
 pounds in her dowry is not obliged to give the king (a
 portion of her dowry) other than five solidi pp., if she
 should indeed have from fifty to one hundred pounds.  If she
 should have one hundred pounds, she should give twenty
 solidi; if she should have two hundred pounds, she should
 give forty solidi pp.  And, for each one hundred pound
 increment, she should give an additional twenty solidi pp.,
 and from more than one thousand, [the king] should not seek
 an additional payment.  And, from each quantity, the king is
 obliged to give his spouse one third of the aforesaid
 quantities.  And, if any foreign spouse should come to seek
 hospitality in Biella or pass through the land of Biella,
 [it is understood] that neither the aforesaid king or any of
 his retinue should take anything from her and they can not
 hinder her either.  And, if the king or any member of his
 household should violate [this bann], he should pay a fine
 of sixty solidi and the menbers of his household should pay
 twenty solidi pp.  And, the consuls are obliged to see to it
 that the aforesaid spouse is released [from the payment of]
   the aforesaid money that they had requested that she pay.


 346. [V] VESTES ET ARMA NON POSSUNT PIGNORI OBLIGARI.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua Guarnimenta neque
 vestimenta alicuius hominis de bugella non dentur pro
 solucione alicuius debiti nec alia de causa nisi de
 uoluntate illius cuius fuerint uel nisi haberet plura paria
   guarnimentorum de quibus posset se bene sufferre.

346. [V] CLOTHING AND WEAPONS SHOULD NOT BE OBLIGATED FOR A
          SURETY.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that none of the
 livery or clothing of any man of Biella should be given in
 payment for any indebtedness or for any other reason, unless
 it is at the wish of the person to whom it belongs or unless
 he owns more livery of an equal value from which he will be
   able to adequately provide for himself.


347. [VI] PRO FILIO ET VASSALLO PARTEM PATRES ET DOMINI
           SOLUERE COMPELLUNTUR.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non possit nec
 debeat relinquere filium vassallum neque seruentam. pro
 aliquo banno et quolibet banno usque ad sol. X. pp. quin
 soluat si filius stet cum patre uel matre et si habuerit
   suam partem non teneatur.

347. [VI] FATHERS AND LORDS ARE COMPELLED TO PAY THE PORTION
           ON BEHALF OF A SON OR A VASSAL.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no person can
 nor should abandon his son, vassal, or servant for any fine
 and for each and every fine up to ten solidi pp, if the son
 remains with his father or mother or if he has his own
   portion, he is not obliged to pay.


 348. [VII] QUE POSSESSIONES CONCEDI FORENSIBUS PROHIBENTUR.

    Item statutum est quod nulla persona de bugella uel
 presumat dare aliqua prata. a ponte eurepe superius nec a
 cuosila superius ad faciendum aliqcui persone que non stet
 in bugella et sit subditus comuni bugelle.  Et qui
 contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet edomada
   sol. X. pp. postea ei auferat.

348. [VII] WHICH POSSESSIONS IT IS FORBIDDEN TO HAND OVER TO
            FOREIGNERS.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no person of
 Biella should dare nor presume to give away any meadows from
 above the Bridge of Eurepa nor from above Cuosila to
 complete any transaction for any person who does not reside
 in Biella or who is not a subject of the Commune of Biella.
 And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of ten
 solidi pp. for each and every week [that the violation
   persists] and afterwards he should take the meadows back.


349. [VIII] ANTE FINEM TERMINI MASNENGUM NEMO CONDUCAT
        ALIENUM.

    Item statutum est quod nullus de bugella debeat capere
 uel couentare aliquem alienum masnechum stantem cum aliquo
 vsque ad finem sui termini si hoc non faceret de licencia
 illius cum quo sraret et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum
   sol. X. pp. nec postea ipsum teneat illo anno.

349. [VIII] NO ONE CAN BRING IN A FOREIGN WEAPON [WHICH IS]
           LONGER THAN THE LIMIT OF THE [STATUTORY]
             MEASUREMENT.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one from
 Biella should assume or take over some one else's contract
 to harvest (masnenchum), which is in effect with some one
 else to the limit of its fixed date if this is not done with
 the permission of the person with whom it was entered into;
 and, he, who violates [this bann], should pay ten solidi pp.
 as a fine amd he may not have that contract for the next
   year.


        350. [VIIII] ARMA VETITA DEFFERENTES.

    Item statutum est quod nullus homo de bugella et qui stet
 in bugella debeat uel presumat portare In loco bugelle
 aliquem cutellum magnum. Ultra menssuram positam pro comuni
 bugelle. nec ensem nec stocum. nec alia arma que
 offenssiones alijs dare possent. Et qui contrafecerit soluat
 pro quolibet et qualibet vice. sol. X. pp. et admitat arma.
 que arma arma deveniat In comuni bugellle. et quilibet sit
 accussator. et habeat suam partem banni. et consules non
   possint dare licenciam set teneantur Inquirere.

 350. [VIIII] THOSE WHO ARE CARRYING FORBIDDEN WEAPONS.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no man from
 Biella and no person who resides in Biella should dare nor
 presume to bring a large knife that is larger than the
 measure set by the Commune of Biella; and, no one may import
 a sword, edged weapon, or any other weapon that might cause
 harm to others.  And, he, who violates [this bann], should
 pay ten solidi pp. for each and every offence and he should
 forfeit the weapons.  These weapons should fall to the
 Commune of Biella.  And, anyone may be an accuser and he may
 have his portion of the fine.  And, the consuls can not
   grant a dispensation, but they are required to investigate.


 352. [X] POST CAMPANAM SINE LUMINE INCEDENTES.

    Item statutum est quod quid fuerit Inventus eundo per
 terram post quam canpana custodum pulsata fuerit siue lumine
 et per tantum tempus plus quod posset iri a porta toracie ad
 portam vernati. et ad Ronciglasci. usque ad portam ripe. et
 usque ad rouore. soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet uice
 qua fuerit acussatus. sol. quinque. et consules teneantur
   super hoc ponere publicos custodes et privatos.

352. [X] THOSE WHO VENTURE OUTDOORS AFTER THE BELL WITHOUT A
          LIGHT.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that anyone who will
 have been discovered while going through the territory after
 the watch bell has been sounded even with a light and to the
 extent that there is more time than he can go from the Gate
 of Toracia all the way to the Gate of Vernatum and to
 Ronciglascum to the gate of the riverbank and thence to [the
 Gate of] Rovor, should pay a fine of five solidi for each
 and every offence of which he has been accused.  And, the
 consuls are obliged to station public and private guards
   concerning the matter.


353. [XI] FATIENS UEL HABENS TURPITUDINEM UEL LATRINAM CUM
   ALIENO DAMPNO.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non debeat nec
 possit facere aliquam socuram latrinam que noceat aliqui.
 Et qui contra fecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice.
 sol. V. postea altet eam.  Et consules teneantur inquirere
   si eis denunciatum fuerit.

353. [XI] CAUSING OR KEEPING WASTE OR A LATRINE WITH LOSS TO
           SOMEONE ELSE.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no person
 should nor can cause human waste which is harmful to anyone
 to overflow.  And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay
 five solidi pp.  for each and every offence and, afterward,
 he should deepen the latrine.  And, the consuls are obliged
   to investigate if anyone has been reported to them.


354. [XII] QUI ARMA COMODAT PUNIATUR ET QUANDO DEBEANT
   CONSIGNARI.

    Item statutum est quod omnes homines de bugella. et
 existantes. et habitantes in bugella habeant teneant et
 pressentent quocienscunque fuerint requisiti. arma. et
 Guarnimenta cuilibet ipsorum inposita per comune et homines
 bugelle. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et
 qualibet vice pro diploide et panceria sol. XX. pp. et pro
 alijs guarnimentis.  sol. quinque. pp. et quod nullus possit
 nec debeat dicta guarnimenta Inpignorare uel prestare alicui
 persone extra locum bugelle. Et qui contrafecerit soluat pro
   quolibet et qualibet vice simile bannum ut supra.

 354. [XII] HE, WHO FURNISHES WEAPONS, SHOULD BE PUNISHED AND
                   WHEN THEY SHOULD BE BRANDED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that all men of
 Biella, both those who are staying there and those who live
 in Biella, should have, keep, and present as often as they
 are required the weapons and livery as often as they are
 required.  And, [it should be] the livery imposed on them by
 the Commune and men of Biella.  And, he, who violates [this
 bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. for each and
 every offence for a doublet and backpack, and five solidi
 pp. for other livery.  And, [it is understood] that no one
 can nor should pledge the aforesaid livery nor loan them to
 any person outside of the territory of Biella.  And, he, who
 violates [this bann], should pay a fine similar to that
   above for each and every offence.


355. [XIII] EMENTES GALLINAS UEL POLLASTROS UT DE FORIS
   CONDUCANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod nulla persona vndecunque sit emat
 nec emere faciat gallinas pollastros oua. capretos nec
 aliquas saluaxinas ad portandum nec ad uendendum extra
 bugellam. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. X. pp. et
 amitat mercandiam. et quilibet possit accussare et
 denunciare. et consules teneantur Inquirere si eis fuerit
   denunciatum.

355. [XIII] THOSE WHO PURCHASE HENS AND PULLETS SO THAT THEY
             MIGHT BE TAKEN FROM THE MARKET PLACE.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no person
 whomsoever he might be, should buy or cause any hens,
 chickens, eggs, she-goats, or any heath-cocks to be
 purchased to carry or sell them outside of Biella.  And, he,
 who violates [this bann], should pay ten solidi pp. and he
 should lose the merchandise.  And, anyone can accuse or
 denounce and the consuls are obliged to investigate if
   anyone has been reported to them.


 356. [XIIII] INTRANTES ET RUMPENTES ALIENAM POSSESSIONEM.

    Item statutum est quod qui  Intrauerit uel rumperit
 alienam possessionem soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet
   vice sol. XX. pp.

356. [XIIII] THOSE WHO ENTER AND DISRUPT THE POSSESSION
   BELONGING TO SOMEONE ELSE.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who enters
 or damages the possessions of another, should pay a fine of
 twenty solidi pp. for each and every offence.


357. [XV] NON EMANTUR SEU UENDANTUR BESTIE MORBOSE UEL CORIA
           NEC DUCI DEBEANT. IN BUGELLA.

    Item statutum est quod aliquis non possit nec debeat
 emere nec ducere uel duci facere aliquas bestias in bugella
 de aliqua parte seu loco vbi bestie sint infirme de morbo
 uel polmoneria. et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. LX.
 pp. et admitat bestias et dicte bestie perveniant In comuni.
 et cuilibet possit accussare et denunciare et habeat partem
 bestiarum. Et consules teneantur inquirere et tenere
 priuatos accusatores et denunciatores. Et Intelligatur
 dictum statutum debere obseruari postquam denunciatum fuerit
 uel preconizatum  In placio bugelle ne quis presumat ducere
 uel duci facere predicta. a locis nominatis. In
 preconizatione. et tam ementes quam vendentes soluant
   bannum.


357. [XV] NEITHER DEAD ANIMALS NOR HIDES SHOULD BE BOUGHT OR
           SOLD AND THEY SHOULD NOT BE BROUGHT INTO BIELLA.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one can
 nor should sell, lead, or cause any animals to be brought
 into Biella from any locality or place where the animals are
 weakened by disease or lung disease (polmoneria).  And, he,
 who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of sixty solidi
 pp. and he should lose the animals and the aforesaid animals
 should fall to the commune.  And, anyone van accuse and
 denounce [the wrongdoer] and he may have a portion of the
 animals.  And, the consuls are obliged to investigate and
 keep confidential [the names of] accusers and denouncers.
 And, it is understood that the aforesaid statute should be
 observed after it will have been reported or proclaimed in
 the public square of Biella lest anyone presume to lead or
 cause the aforesaid animals to be led into the places named
 in the proclamation.  And, both buyers and sellers should
   pay the fine.


359. Item statutum est quod aliquis non debeat emere ducere
 uel duci facere in bugella aliqua coria de aliqua parte seu
 loco in quo bestie sint infirme morbo uel polmonaria. Et qui
 22contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. XX. pp. et coria sint
 comunis bugelle.  et quilibet possit accussare et
 denunciare. Et consules teneantur inquirere ed accussatores
 seu de nunciatores tenere priuatos. et dicti accussatores
 seu denunciatores habeant suam partem banni et de corijs. et
 in omnibus intelligatur hoc statutum secundum statutum de
   bestijs amorbatis.

 359.
    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should
 buy, convey, or cause any hides to be conveyed into Biella
 from any area or place in which the animals are weakened by
 disease or by lung disease.  And, he, who violates [this
 bann], should pay twenty solidi pp. and the hides belong to
 the commune.  And, anyone can accuse or denounce.  And, the
 consuls are obliged to investigate, but the accusers or
 denouncers should be kept confidential.  And, the aforesaid
 accusers and denouncers should have their portion of the
 fine and hides.  And, in all of these things, it is
 understood that this statute is in accord with the statute
   concerning dead animals.


 358. [XVI] COLUMBOS PRIVATOS ACCIPIENS CONDEMPNETUR.

    Item statutum est quod nullus debeat capere nec capi
 facere aliquos columbos priuatos aliquo modo nec sub aliqua
 specie. Et qui contrafecerit soluat pro quolibet et
 qualibet. vice. sol. LX. pp. et restituat dampnum illis
 cuius fuerint. et quilibet possit accussare et denunciare
 palam et privatim. Et consules teneantur accussatores et
 denunciatores tenere priuatos. et inquirere contra predicta
   facientes. si siuerint uel audiuerint.

358. [XVI] HE, WHO ACCEPTS DOVES THAT ARE PRIVATELY OWNED,
            SHOULD BE CONVICTED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should
 keep or cause any doves to be kept privately in any manner
 or under any appearance.  And, he who violates [this bann],
 should pay a fine of sixty solidi pp. for each and every
 offence and he should restore the loss to those for whom he
 caused it.  And, anyone can accuse or denounce publicly and
 privately.  And, the Consuls are obliged to keep
 confidential [the names of] accusers and denouncers and to
 investigate those who act against the aforesaid  [banns], if
   they should know or hear of anything.


 360. [XVII] QUI LUPOS CEPERIT PREMIUM CONSEQUATUR.

    Item statutum est quod si aliquis homo caperet aliquem
 lupum et eum consignauerit consulibus comunis a comuni sol
 XX. pp. et lupus sit illius qui eum ceperit si eum ceperit
 super poderium bugelle uel uernati. uel si inciperent eum
 cazare super territorium bugelle et quod clauarius teneatur
   soluere dictos denarios infra unum menssem.

360. [XVII] HE, WHO CAPTURES A WOLF, SHOULD RECEIVE A
             REWARD.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that, if any man
 should capture any wolf and hand it over to the Consuls of
 the Commune of Biella, he should have twenty solidi pp. from
 the commune and the wolf belongs to the person who captured
 it, if he captured it in the territory of Biella or
 Vernatum. or, if they began to track it in the territory of
 Biella.  And, the aforesaid treasurer is obliged to pay the
   aforesaid denarii within one month.


 361. CONSULES TENENTUR PRATA COMUNIS FACERE MENSURARI.

    Item statutum est quod consules teneantur ex sacramento
 omnia prata communis facere menssurari. et ipsa menssurata
 per menssuram hinc ad exitum maij. reduci. in libro et ea
 consignari et facere legi in conscilio si placuerit
   conscilio.

361. THE CONSULES ARE OBLIGED TO SEE TO IT THAT THE OPEN
      FIELDS ARE SURVEYED.

    In the same way, it was decreed that the consuls are
 obliged, on their sworn oath, to see to it that all of the
 meadows are to be surveyed and those fields are to be
 surveyed by the surveyor from this point to the end of May.
 The [survey] is to be recorded in the book and those surveys
 should be handed over and caused to be read in the Council,
   if it should please the Council.


362. [XVIII] A PRATO LONGO SUPERIUS AD ARRONCHANDUM TERRE
              NON CONCEDANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua terre uel possessiones
 que sunt comunis et hominum bugelle. a prato longo superius
 non possint concedi alicui persone sub aliquo titulo ad
 aroncandum nec ad praendum nec ad insitandum uel plantandum.
 Et consules non pacientur per eroum sacramentum poni in
 credencia per totum tempus eorum consulatus quod alique
 terre possessiones uel prata concedantur contra formam dicti
 statuti et qui pecierit soluat bannum sol. XX. pp. et qui
 consulerit soluat. sol. XL. et postea concessio sic facta
   sit cassa et nullius valloris.

362. [XVIII] LANDS CAN NOT BE YIELDED UP FROM THE MEADOWLAND
              FAR ABOVE ARONCHANDUM.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that any lands or
 possessions which belong to the commune and men of Biella
 from the long meadow above [the town] can not be given over
 to any person under any title for the purpose of cutting
 [i.e., harvesting], supplying fodder, sowing, or planting.
 And, the consuls, on their sworn oath, are not permitted to
 place [any legislation] in the Credentia throughout the
 entire term of their consulate that any lands, possessions,
 or meadows be handed over contrary to the form of their
 aforesaid statute.  And, he, who would permit [such
 legislation], should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. and he,
 who has sought [the legislation], should pay forty solidi
 pp. and, afterwards, the concession has thus been granted is
   void and of no value.


 363. [XVIIII] REPROBATI DE FALSO UT CONVENIT PUNIATUR.

    Item statutum est et ordinatum qui fuerit reprobatus
 per sapientes qui judicant banna comunis fecisse falssum
 juramentum siue falssum dissise testimonium non debeat
 perpetuo recipi in testem nec habere aliquod officium
 comunis et nomina ipsorumfalssariorum teneantur consules
 infra. XV. dies post quam reprobati fuerint scribi facere in
 libro statutorum. sicut falssum reddiderunt testimonium et
   publicare in publica credencia.

363. [XVIIII] THOSE WHO HAVE BEEN CENSURED FOR FALSEHOOD
               SHOULD BE PUNISHED AS IS SUITABLE.

    In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that
 he, who has been convicted by the wise men (sapientes) who
 judge the fines of the commune of having sworn a false oath
 or of having uttered false testimony, should not ever be
 accepted as a witness or have any comunal duty, and, the
 consuls are obliged to see to it that the names of the false
 swearers are written in the books within fifteen days after
 they have been convicted as [men who] have rendered false
   testimony and to publicize them in the public Credentia.


364. [XX] QUANDO PREDIA QUE SUNT IN COMUNITATIBUS DEBEANT
           IMBANDARI.

    Item statutum est quod prata que sunt in comunibus
 bugelle de quibus solluitur fictum dicto comuni sint in
   bannum sol. V. a medio mensse maij. usque ad exitum Agusti.

364. [XX] WHEN SHARES [OF FOOD] WHICH ARE IN THE COMMUNE
           SHOULD BE IMPOUNDED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that the meadows
 which are in the commune of Biella from which feudal dues
 are paid to the aforesaid commune are under a fine of five
 solidi pp. from the middle of the month pf May to the end of
   August.


365. [XXI] A FOSSATIS INFERIUS EXCEPTIS ALTINIS NULLE
            ARBORES ALLEUENTUR.

    {MCCCXIIII} Item statutum est quod aliqua persona stens
 uel habitens in bugella non audeat uel presumat tenere
 plantare uel alleuare aliquas arbores a fossatis plani
 inferius in aliqua parte per totum territorium bugellensem.
 nisi altinos de Cerexia uel opio seu brignono uel salices.
 qui non possint ascendere cum ramis. ultra pedes VII. et
 teneantur omnes habentes arbores cuiuscunque alterius
 conditionis a predictis fossatis inferius tempore presentis
 consulatus incidere scorzare nel arrancare omnes alias
 arbores infra kalendas madij. proxime venturi. et qui
 contrafecerit uel uenerit in aliquo predictorum. soluat pro
 quolibet et qualibet edomada transacto predicto termino
 consulatus sol. XX. pp. et consules teneantur inquirere si
 de predictis facta fuerit acusa uel denuncia. Et teneantur
 tenere denunciatores ed acusatores priuatos. et predictum
 statutum non estendatur ad arbores ripe sarui nec ad alias
   que sunt in confinibus bugelle et vernati.

365. [XXI] NO TREES WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE "ALTINES"
            SHOULD BE PERMITTED TO GROW FROM BELOW THE DITCH.

    {1314} In the same way, it has been decreed that any
 person who stays and resides in Biella should not dare nor
 presume to keep, plant, or raise any trees or any willows
 which can not grow with branches more than seven feet from
 below the ditches of the level area anywhere throughout the
 territory of Biella, unless it is in the highlands of
 Cerexia, Opium, or Brignonum.  And, all of those who do have
 trees of any other condition whatsoever from below the
 aforesaid ditches during the time of the present consulate,
 are obliged to cut them down, girdle them, or cut down all
 of the other trees within the Kalends of the next coming
 May.  And he, who violates [this bann], or happens on to
 anyone of the aforesaid things should pay a fine of twenty
 solidi pp. for each and every week which has passed from the
 end of the aforesaid consulate.  And, the consuls are
 obliged to investigate if accusations or reports have been
 made concerning the aforesaid matters.  And, the aforesaid
 statute does not attend to the trees of the bank of Saruum
 and not to any others which are within the boundaries of
   Biella and Vernaum.


366. [XXII] VLTRA QUANTITATEM LIBRARUM DECEM QUALITER POSSIT
             DONARI ET DE CREDENCIA.

    {MCCCXVII} Item statutum est quod non possit nec debeat
 fieri aliquod donum de here comunis ultra XL. libr. nisi
 prius fuerint cunuocati omnes et singuli domini domus siue
 capita domorum. tam de plano quam de placio simul in domo
 cunfrarie. Et si fuerint in cuncordia faciendi donum uel
 dona omnes uel maior pars ipsorum. quot donum uel dona sic
 factum uel facta soluatur equaliter pro quolibet domino
 domus habenti. in ualimento ultra libr. XXV. pp. et donum
 uel dona sic factum uel facta. contra predictum statutum
 nolentes soluere non teneantur nec compelli possint.  Et hoc
 statutum inteligatur taliter precissum quod non possit Rupi
 nec cassari in toto nec in parte per totum consulatum.
   consulum qui jurassent.

366. [XXII] HOW ONE MIGHT DONATE MORE THAN THE QUANTITY OF
             TEN POUNDS AND CONCERNING THE CREDENCIA.

    {1317} In the same way, it has been decreed that no
 gift of more than forty pounds from an heir of the commune
 can or should be made unless each and every one of the
 owners of the household or the heads of the households
 should be called together from the open country as well as
 from the public square as they were brothers in the home.
 And, if all of them or a greater portion thereof are in
 agreement with the making of the gift or gifts thus made is
 paid equally for each lord who has a household at a value in
 excess of twenty five pounds pp. and those who do not wish
 to pay contrary to the aforesaid statutes are not obliged to
 and can not be compelled to pay.  And, this statute is
 understood to be so precise that it can not be broken nor
 voided in totality or in part throughout the entire
   consulate of the consuls who has taken the oath.


367. [XXIII] OFFENSORES RECEPTATORES ET RAPTORES CONUENIT
              CONDEMPNARI.

    Item222 statutum est quod omnes homines de bugella et
 stantes et habitantes in bugella qui Receptauerint. In eorum
 domibus seu portare permisscerint aliqua bona ablata seu
 dampna data in comuni uel in diuisso seu dantes dapna uel
 frangentes bannum conpustularum seu Recipientes aliena bona
 in eorum domibus seu habitationibus stare uel habitare
 permisscerint. uel in eorum familia. Teneantur emendare
 dapna et offensiones illi seu illisquibus data fuerint. et
 soluere banna secundum statuta comunis bugelle. per inde ac
 si ipsi receptentes seu receptari permitentes dedissent
 offensiones uel banna fregissent conpostularum nisi dens seu
 dentes dapna uel frangentes banna acordarent predicta banna.
   Et non possint contra hoc ignoranciam aliquam allegare.

 367. [XXIII] IT IS FITTING THAT THOSE WHO COMMIT ASSAULTS,
            ARE RECEIVERS [OF STOLEN GOODS, OR COMMIT RAPES
              BE CONVICTED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that all of the
 men of Biella, both those residing and living in Biella who
 have been received into the households [of residents] or who
 have permitted anyone who has caused losses or who has
 broken the bann of those who hold property, who has received
 the goods of others (i.e., stolen property) into their
 household, who caused damage in the commune or in a fief, or
 who has permitted such person to remain or live in their
 homes, habitations, or households, are obliged to restore
 loses and offenses to reimburse the loses or offences to the
 person or persons whom have suffered them and to pay the
 fines according to the statutes of the commune of Biella in
 that regard and, if those who are receiving them or
 permitting them to be received should give offence or break
 the bann of property oweners unless he or those causing
 losses or breaking the banns should agree to the aforesaid
 fines.  And, they can not allege any ignorance against the
   statute.


 368. [XXIIII] QUO TEMPORE PROHIBITUM SIT PISCHARI.

    Item statutum est et ordinatum quod aliqua perssona de
 bugella  uel aliunde non possit nec ei licitum sit piscari
 uel pischari facere in aquis territorij et comunis bugelle a
 festo pascatis Ressurrectionis domini usque ad carnispriuium
 ad aliquod ingenium nisi ad virgam et lignam et qui
 contrafecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. XX.
 pp. et quilibet possit acussare et denunciare et habeat
 terciam partem banni et consules et consules teneant
 accussatores privatos et teneantur inquirere si fuerit eis
 denunciatum et quod consules non possint de hijs dare
   licenciam alicui.

 368. [XXIIII] WHEN FISHING IS PROHIBITED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that
 any person of Biella or anywhere else can not fish nor
 permit anyone to fish in the waters of the territory and
 commune of Biella from the Feast of Easter Resurection to
 the beginning of Lent (Septuagesima or Sexagesima Sunday) on
 any pretext, unless it is with a pole or a small branch.
 And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay twenty solidi
 pp. for each and every offence; and, anyone can accuse or
 denounce and may have a third portion of the fine.  The
 consuls are obliged to keep the accuser['s name]
 confidential and they are obliged to investigate if anything
 has been reported to them.  And, [it is understood] that the
 consuls can not grant a dispensation to anyone regarding
   these matters.


369. [XXV] PRO SPONSIS DUCENDIS DE PLANO IN PLATIUM UEL
            UERNATUM NICHIL EST EXIGENDUM.

    Item statutum et ordiatum est quod non fiat rex nec
 aliqua coadunatio gentium munitorum causa excutiendi uel
 exigendi aliquid a sponsabus. que ducuntur de plano in
 placium uel vernatum. uel de placio in planum seu vernatum.
 seu de vernato in placium uel in planum. nec ipsas sponsas
 detinere uel impedire et qui contrafecerit soluat pro
 quolibet et qualibet uice. sol. X. pp. et consules teneantur
 inquirere si fuerit eis denuntiatum. et ultra hoc teneantur
 consules sponsam et sponsas impeditas facere relaxari.
 dummodo fiat idem per illos de vernato. Aliter ad ipsos de
   vernato non extendatur statutum.

369. [XXV] NOTHING MUST BE EXACTED TO BRING SPOUSES FROM THE
          OPEN COUNTRY INTO THE PUBLIC SQUARE OR INTO
            VERNATUM.

    In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that
 no king nor any unifier of the mountain tribes should be
 created for the purpose of seizing or demanding anything
 from the wives who were conveyed from the open country into
 the market place or Vernatum, or from the market place into
 the countryside or Vernatum, or from Vernatum into the
 marketplace or into the countryside, and they can not detain
 or hinder these spouses.  And, he, who violates [this bann],
 should pay ten solidi pp. for each and every offence.  And,
 the consuls are obliged to investigate if anything should be
 reported to them.  And, in addition to this, the consuls are
 obliged to see to it that the spouse or spouses who have
 been detained are released since this same thing was done by
 men from Vernatum, otherwise the statute would not be
   extended to the men of Vernatum.


370. [XXVI] HABENTES CANALES SUPER FOSSATA QUID FACERE
             TENEANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod quelibet persona que nunc habet
 et tenet et de cetero habuerit et tenuerit canalem super
 fussatum seu fossata plani bugelle. debeant tenere in medio
 canalis continue et manutenere bonam clausuram de sepe. siue
 palencatum inspinatum taliter quod nullus possit transire.
 ire nec redire. per ipsas canales. Et qui contrafecerit
 soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet edomada. sol. V. pp.
 Et simile bannum soluat qui tenuerit hostium uel sapellum in
 dictis palenchatis. Et consules teneantur inquirere si eis
   denuntiatum fuerit. et tenere denuntiatores priuatos.

370. [XXVI] WHAT THOSE WHO HAVE WATER PIPES OVER THE DITCHES
             ARE OBLIGED TO DO.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that any person,
 who now owns or keeps or who will henceforth own or keep a
 waterpipe above a ditch or above the ditches of the open
 area of Biella, should maintain an effective water gate from
 the ditch in the middle of the water pipe and maintain it
 continuously or an inspection opening [port?] so designed
 that no one can pass through, go, or return through those
 water pipes.. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay
 a fine of five solidi pp. for each and every offence and
 every week.  And, he should pay a similar fine who keeps and
 enemy or a sapper in the aforesaid inspection port.  And,
 the consuls are obliged to investigate, if something is
 reported to them and to keep the [names of the] denouncers
   confidential.


 371. [XXVII] PASCANTES IN CLAUSURIS PLATIJ UEL FOSSATIS.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non ducat nec
 duci faciat aliquas bestias ad pascendum in aliquo loco in
 clausuris placij et plani bugelle. nec in fossatis et
 ripaticis interioribus et exterioribus. Et qui contrafecerit
 soluat bannum pro qualibet bestia sol. X. pp. et si fuerint
 decem et a decem superius soluat sol. XX. pp. et quilibet
 possit accussare et denuntiare.  Et consules teneant
   accusatores et denuntiatores privatos.

371. [XXVII] THOSE WHO PASTURE [THEIR ANIMALS] IN THE
            ENCLOSED AREAS OF THE PUBLIC SQUARE OR THE
              DITCHES.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no person
 should cause any animals to be led to graze in any place on
 the enclosed areas of the public square or open areas of
 Biella and in the ditches or on the inner and outer margins
 of the river bank.  And, he, who violates [this bann],
 should pay a fine of ten solidi pp for each and every animal
 and, if there were ten or more animals, he should pay a fine
 of twenty solidi pp. and anyone can accuse and denounce.
 And, the consuls are obliged to keep the accusers and
   denouncers confidential.


 372. ELIGANTUR C. CLIENTES PRO TENSANDIS STRATIS.

    Item ordinauerunt quod eligantur C. clientes siue
 seruentes de probioribus terre pro tensandis stratis domini
 Episcopi. et comunis bugelle. qui obediant mandatis
 consulum. Et offensores stratarum domini espiscopi memorati
 possint capere et offendere impune. nisi dicti derobatores
 offenderent dantes merchandiam rebellibus dicti domini
   nostri. Et currentes super ipsius terram.

372. ONE HUNDRED CLIENTS SHOULD BE CHOSEN TO MAINTAIN THE
      STREETS.

    In the same way, they have ordained that one hundred
 clients or slaves from the more upright men of the land for
 maintaining the safety of the streets of the Lord Bishop and
 the commune of Biella who are obedient to the mandates of
 the consuls.  And, they, [who maintain the safety of the
 roads], can lay hold of or assault with impunity those who
 are causing offences on the roads of the Lord Bishop, who
 has been mentioned [above], unless the aforesaid highwaymen
 assault those who are giving material aid to the rebels of
 our aforesaid Lord and those who are running [trespassing]
   on their land.


373. [XXVIII] PENE STATUTE CONTRA EUNTES AD LOCA REBELLIUM
               ET EIS DANTES CONSILIUM UEL FAVOREM.

    Item statutum et ordinatum fuit quod aliqua persona de
 bugella. seu stans uel habitans in bugella. non audeat uel
 presumat dare seu dari facere Merchandiam. seu conscilium.
 auxilium uel fauorem hominibus Saluzolie. nec alicui alteri
 terre uel persone rebelli Comunis bugelle. seu facienti
 Guerram comuni et hominibus de bugella. nec ire ad dictas
 terras. et qui contra fecerit. perpetuo sit exemptus et
 extractus ab omnibus honoribus et utilitatibus et officijs
 comunis bugelle. Ita quod perpetuo non habeantur nec haberi
 possit pro vicino uel habitatore comunis bugelle. nec
 perpetuo possit poni in credentia. quod si fiat aliqua
 gratia contra predictum statutum. nisi prius  soluerit
 comuni bugelle. ibr. X. pp. pro quolibet et qualibet uice.
 Solutis bannis consules possint omnes in concordia ponere in
 credentia et credentia possit postea cum ipso dispensare si
 voluerit. quo ad honores et alia. dum modo due partes sint
 in concordia. et non aliter. Et consules teneantur inquirere
 quoties fuerit eis denuntiatum. et tenere denuntiatores et
 accussatores priuatores. et denuntiatores et accusatores
 habeant terciam partem banni excusi. et possit in eundo et
 redeundo impune libere derobari et spoliari. et bona ablata
   et derobata sint aufferentis.

373. [XXVIII] PENAL STATUTES AGAINST THOSE WHO GO TO PLACES
             OF THOSE WHO ARE IN REBELLION AND FOR THOSE
               WHO GIVE AID AND COMFORT [TO REBELS].

    In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that
 any person from Biella or anyone who stays or resides in
 Biella should not dare to nor presume to give or cause any
 material, counsel, aid, or comfort to be given to the men of
 Saluzolia nor to any other land or person in rebellion with
 the commune of Biella, or who makes war on the commune and
 men of Biella, and, no one should dare to go to the
 aforesaid lands.  And he, who violates [this bann], is
 perpetually exempted from and taken out of all honors,
 advantages, and offices of the Commune of Biella. [It is
 understand] thus that these [privileges] may not be held in
 perpetuity and the privilege may not be held on behalf of a
 neighborhood or a residence of the commune of Biella and in
 perpetuity he may not be seated in the Credentia.  [It is
 understood] that, if any indulgence should be extended that
 is contrary to the aforesaid statute, unless payment will
 have been made beforehand; ten pounds should be paid for
 each and every offence.  Once the fines have been paid, the
 consuls can seat all of them in harmony in the Credentia and
 the Credentia can dispense with the statute later if it
 should wish to in regard to the  honors and the other things
 as long as the two factions are in agreement, and not
 otherwise.  And, the consuls are obliged to investigate as
 often as something is reported to them and to keep the
 denouncers and accusers confidential.  And, the denouncers
 and accusers may have a one third portion of the fine
 exacted.  And, he can be freely robbed and despoiled while
 coming and going freely and the goods which have been stolen
   or taken may be retained.


374. Item statutum et ordinatum fuit quod aliqua persona de
 bugella seu stans uel habitans in bugella non audeat uel
 presumat de cetero ire ad habitandum saluzoliam nec ad
 aliquem locum rebellum seu facientem guerram Comuni et
 hominibus de bugella. et qui de cetero steterit uel contra
 fecerit cadat ab omni iure quod habet et habere posset in
 terris et possessionibus ac bonis mobilibus et immobilibus
 que haberet teneret possideret. super territorium bugelle et
 vernati. Et cadat in comissum. et omnia dicta bona
 perueniant in commune bugelle. et dicto comuni pubicentur
 ipso iure. et de dictis bonis nullam possit perpetuo habere
 gratiam. set perpetuosit bannitus comunis bugelle. nec
 habeatur uel haberi possit perpetuo pro vicino. et perpetuo
 sit exclusus ab omnibus officijs. honoribus et utilitatibus
 Comunis bugelle. et a quolibet perpetuo possit impune
 offendi un here et in persona. et hoc statutum sit et esse
 intelligatur perpetuum et precisum per sacramentum.  Ita
 quod contra dictum statutum  non possit dispensari. uel
 tolli seu aliquid ordinari. Et consul qui aliquid contra
 predicta posuerit in credentia. soluat bannum pro quolibet
 et qualibet uice. sol. LX. et quicunque arengauerit contra
 predictum statutum soluat bannum sol. XX. pro qualibet uice
 et ultra hoc omnia proposita statuta et ordinata contra
 predictum statutum. sint cassa. irrita et nullius ualoris
 penitus uel momenti. Et consules teneantur inquirere si
 fuerit eis denuntiatum uel ad aures eorum peruenerit et
   tenere denuntiatores et accusatores privatos.

 374.

    In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that
 any person from Biella, or anyone staying or residing in
 Biella, should neither dare nor presume henceforth to go to
 live in Saluzolia or to any place in rebellion or making war
 on the Commune and men of Biella; and, he, who henceforth
 stays [there] or violates [this bann], gives up every right
 which he has or can have in lands, possessions, and mobile
 or immobile properties which he might have, hold, or possess
 in the territory of Biella and vernatum.  And, he falls into
 the fine and all of the aforesaid goods fall to the Commune
 of Biella and they are to be announced to the Commune by
 right, and from the aforesaid [actions], he can have no
 indulgence in perpetuity, but he may be an exile of the
 Commune of Biella in perpetuity.  And, he may not be
 considered [a member of] the neighborhood and he can not be
 considered for neighborhood member status in perpetuity, and
 he is excluded from all offices, honors, and advantages of
 the Commune of Biella.  And, he can be harmed in his
 inheritance and person with impunity in perpetuity.  And,
 this is decreed and it is understood to be everlasting and
 precise on their sworn oath.  And, it is thus understood
 that nothing can be dispensed with contrary to the aforesaid
 statute or can anything be taxed or ordained.  And, the
 consul, who places any [legislation] against the aforesaid
 matters in the Credentia, should pay a fine of sixty solidi
 for each and every offence and whoever has acted contrary to
 the aforesaid statute should pay twenty solidi pp. as a fine
 for each and every offence and, moveover, all of the
 statutes and ordinances which have been proposed against the
 aforesaid statute are void, suspect, and of no value or
 weight whatsoever.  And, the Consuls are obliged to
 investigate, if something has been reported to them or comes
 to their ears; and, they are to keep denouncers and accusers
   confidential.


375. [XXVIIII] NON LICET TENERE IGNEM PER TERRAM TEMPORE
                UENTOSO. NEC IN DOMIBUS PALEATIS.

    Item statutum et ordinatum est quod nulla persona
 debeat portare ignem tempore ventoso per planum nec per
 placium de die nec de nocte nec facere nec tenere ignem in
 aliqua domo que non sit cohoperta de cupis et qui contra
 fecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. X. p.. Et
 quilibet possit accusare et denunciare et tenebitur priuatus
   nisi esset lumen quod portaret cum candela.

375. [XXVIIII] IT IS NOT PERMITTED TO KEEP A FIRE THROUGHOUT
              THE LAND DURING THE TIME OF WIND STORMS, AND
                NOT IN FENCED-IN HOMES.

    In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that
 no person should carry an open flame during a time of high
 winds through the open areas and through the public square
 nor should anyone build or keep an open flame in any home
 which has not been roofed with copper; and, he, who violates
 [this bann], should pay ten solidi pp. for each and every
 offence [as a fine].  And, anyone can accuse and report,
 and, he will be kept confidential, unless it is a lamp which
   he carries as well as a candle.


376. [XXX] DE RE PROMISSA ET DEBITA COMUNI NON LICET
            GRATIFICARI.

    Item statutum et ordinatum est quod aliqua persona que
 de cetero incantet emat seu titulo locationis uel quocunque
 alio modo accipiat aliquam rem a comuni non possit nec
 valeat habere aliquam prorogationem  temporis nec aliquam
 gratiam seu remissionem de pecunia quam incantu hemptione
 locatione seu quocunque alio contractu facto cum comuni uel
 consulibus bugelle nomine ipsius comunis soluere promixisset
 et gratia facta contra predictum statutum nulla sit ipso
 iure. Et predictum statutum sit et esse intelligatur de
 cetero precisum et iuratum.  Ita quod super ipso non possit
 dispensare nec contra dictum statutum in aliquo contrafieri.
 Et consules qui pro temporibus fuerint non paciantur poni in
 credencia ut contra fiat uel quod super ipso in aliquo
 dispensetur in pena et banno sol. LX. pro quolibet consule
   et qualibet uice.

376. [XXX] ABSOLUTION MAY NOT BE PERMITTED CONCERNING
            PROPERTY PROMISSED OR OWED TO THE COMMUNE.

    In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that
 any person, who henceforth auctions off or buys [property]
 under the title of the location or in any other manner
 whatsoever or who should receive any property, can not and
 should not have any extension of time or any dispensation or
 remission from the money which he had promissed to pay as a
 result of the auction or sale of the location or from
 whatever other contract he had made with the Commune or
 Consuls of Biella in the name of the aforesaid commune and,
 if a dispensation has been granted contrary to the aforesaid
 statute, it has no weight in law.  And the aforesaid statute
 may be and is understood to be in effect and sworn to.
 Thus, [it is understood] that, concerning the statute, there
 can be no dispensation and no violation against the
 aforesaid statute in any way.  And, the Consuls, who will
 will be in office at the time, are not permitted to be
 seated in the Credentia so that they might act contrary to
 the statute or that anything in this law can be dispensed
 with in any way.  In punishment, there is a fine of sixty
   solidi for each consul for each offence.


377. [XXXI] IN OMNE QUESTIONE ET DUBIO ORTO RATIONE
           STATUTORUM ET UENDICIONUM COMUNIS PER STATUARIOS
             QUOMODE TERMINETUR.

    Item quis eius est Interpretari cuius est condere av
 eius est uelle statutum est quod si aliqua questio dubium
 seu disscessio oriatur vel fiat Ratione alicuius statuti
 ordinationis uel reformationis Comunis bugelle. seu
 vendicionis facte per Comune uel obligationis statuti
 contractus uel quasi facti cum Comuni uel ratione statutorum
 dicti Comunis quod dicte questiones declarentur determinetur
 et Interpretentur per consules et statutarios qui tunc
 temporis fuerint et siue statuta ordinaciones reformationes
 contractus et obligationes fuerint clara siue dubia uel
 obscura uel e conuerso. non obstentibus Iuribus dicentibus.
 quod in incertis non certis locus est coniecturis et quod a
 uerbis legis non est recedendum et quod stricti Iuris non
 recipiunt Interpretationem. et quod lex seruanda est etiamsi
 per quam dura sint uel aliquibus alijs Iuribus in contrarium
 prouulgatis. Ita quod a suis declarationibus
 Interpretationibus factis per maiorem partem predictorum
 consulum et statutariorum non possint appelari set ex nunc
 intelligantur expresse appellationibus renunciasse et
 statutarij. Singulis annis scribantur per consules nominatim
 ne questio oriatur qui fuerint ad condenda statuta.  Et qui
 venerit contra dictum statutum uel ipsum in aliquo
 impugnauerit. soluat pro quolibet et qualibet uice. qua se
 presentauerit uel impugnauerit sol. LX. et nichilominus
 stetur eorum sententijs determinationibus declarationibus et
 interpretationibus non obstante. lege que dicit quod nemo
 debet duabus legibus puniri. et non obstante. lege que dicit
 quod semel comissa pena amplius committi non potest et
   quolibet alio Iure in contrarium ordinato.

377. [XXXI] HOW IT SHOULD BE RESOLVED BY THE STATUTE-MAKERS
           IN EVERY QUESTION OR DOUBT WHICH HAS RISEN BY
             REASON OF THE STATUTES OR SALES OF THE COMMUNE.

    In the same way, since it is his to be interpreted
 whose it is to compose and it is his to determine [what it
 means], it has been decreed that, if any question of doubt
 or division [dispute] should arise or occur by reason of any
 statute of ordination or reformation of the commune of
 Biella, or by reason of a sale made by the commune or of an
 obligation of a statute, or of a contract as it were made
 with the commune, or by reason of the statutes of the
 aforesaid commune, [it is understood] that the aforesaid
 questions are made known, determined, and interpreted  by
 the consuls and statute-makers who are then at the time [in
 office] and, either the statutes, ordinances, reforms,
 contracts, and obligations are made clear, or, if they
 remain dubious, obscure, or conversely, while statutes which
 obstruct are silent (in these matters), [it is understood]
 that, in uncertain matters, there is no place for the
 misrepresentation of things that are certain and, since one
 must not withdraw from the words of the law and since narrow
 [readings] of the law do not welcome interpretations, [it is
 understood] that the law must be preserved, even if through
 this preservation harsh things occur or if any other laws
 have been published to the contrary.  [It is understood]
 that by the public announcements of their interpretations
 which have been made by a major portion of the aforesaid
 consuls and statute-makers, [their decisions] can not be
 appealed, but hereafter they and the statute-makers are
 understood to have expressly renounced [further] appeals.
 Every year [these decisions] are written down by the consuls
 by name so that no question will arise that will require
 them to compose new statutes.  And, he, who violates the
 aforesaid statute or assails it in any way, should pay sixty
 solidi for each and every instance in which he presents the
 statutes himself [for legal action] or impugns them and [the
 validity] of their sentences, determinations, declarations,
 and interpretations remains, while there is no law
 obstructing which states that no one should be punished
 under two laws and while there is no law obstructing which
 states that once a penalty has been imposed, it can not be
 imposed further and while any other law to the contrary has
   been ordained.


378. [XXXII] EMENTES UENDENTES ET RECEPTANTES PISCES ALIBI
              QUAM IN PLATHEIS PUBICIS PUNIANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod qui vendiderit aliquos pisces
 crudos alibi quam in plathea bugelloni in plano et in
 plathea que est ex opposito ecclesie sancti Jacobi in placio
 soluat pro quolibet et qualibet uice sol. XX. pp. et amitat
 pises et medietas piscium perueniat in consules et alia in
   denuntiatores uel accussatores.

378. [XXXII] THOSE WHO PURCHASE, SELL, OR RECEIVE FISH
            ANYWHERE OTHER THAN IN THE PUBLIC SQUARES
              SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who sells
 any raw fish in any way other than the open area in the
 public square of Biella or in the open area in the public
 square opposite the Church of St. James, should pay twenty
 solidi pp. for each and every offence and he should lose the
 fish.  Half of the fish should fall to the consuls and the
   other to the denouncers or accusers.


379. Item statutum est quod qui emerit pisces alibi quam in
   istis platheis soluat pro quolibet et qualibet uice sol. X.


379. In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who buys
 fish any where other than in those public squares, should
   pay a fine of ten solidi  for each and every offence.


380. Item statutum est quod qui permiserit vendi pisces
 crudos in sua domo seu habitatione et qui receptauerit seu
 receperit a solis ortu usque ad ocassum pisces venales
   soluat pro quolibet et qualibet uice sol. XX.


380. In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who
 permits raw fish to be sold in his home or habitation and
 who will have received or who has received the fish which
 has been sold from dawn to sunset, should pay twenty solidi
   for each and every offence.

 381. NEMO UISITET UEL DONET PLAGOLATAS.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non audeat uel
 presumat ire ad visitandum paglolatas nec sibi panem mittere
 nec facere aliquod donum nisi fuerit mater filia soror nel
 Cognata et quelibet persona que contrafecerit. soluat pro
   qualibet vice sol. XX. pp.

381. NO ONE SHOULD VISIT OR GIVE [A GIFT] TO THOSE WHO HAVE
      THE PLAGUE.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that no person
 should dare or presume to go to visit those women [who are
 afflicted] with plague to send bread to them, or to make any
 gift to them, unless she is his mother, daughter, sister, or
 kinswoman; and, any person, who violates [this bann], should
   pay twenty solidi for each offence.


 382. QUILIBET TENEATUR ESSE DE COLLEGIO ARTIS SUE.

    Item statutum est quod quelibet persona de bugella
 teneatur et debeat ac compelli possit esse de Collegio artis
 quam exercet et attendere precepta sibi facta rationabiliter
 ex parte sui colegij. Saluo honore et vtilitate comunis
   bugelle et saluo statuto posito sub rubica de credentia.

382. ANY PERSON IS OBLIGED TO BE A MEMBER OF THE COLLEGE OF
      HIS OWN CRAFT.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that each person
 of Biella is obliged to, should be, and can be compelled to
 be a member of the College of the Arts which he practices
 and to pay attention to the by-laws, which have been made
 for him by the college in a rational manner.  Saving that
 the honor and advantage of the Commune of Biella and saving
 that the statute placed under the rubric of the Credentia
   [are not compromised].


383. [XXXIII] AD COADUNATIONEM FACTAM RATIONE COMUNIS
               FORENSES ACCEDERE NON PRESUMANT.

    Item statutum et ordinatum est quod aliqua persona que
 non sit de bugella seu recepta in habitatorem. Comunis
 bugelle non audeat uel presmat ire ad coadunationem. et qui
 contra fecerit puniatur pro qualibet vice qua accusatus
   fuerit sol. XX.

383. [XXXIII]  FOREIGNERS SHOULD NOT DARE TO APPROACH TO
              APPROACH IN ORDER TO CALL FOR AN ASSEMBLY FOR
                THE SAKE OF THE COMMUNE.

    In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that
 any person who is not from Biella and who has not been
 received into a habitation of the Commune of Biella should
 neither dare nor presume to go to the assembly.  And, he,
 who violates [this bann], should be punished in the amount
   of twenty solidi on each occasion that he has been accused.


384. [XXXIIII] DUCENTES BESTIAS DE BASTO SEU PLAUSTRA PER
                PORTICUS PLACIJ PUNIATUR.

    Item quod aliqua persona non audeat uel presumat ducere
 nec duci facere seu permitere ire bestias de basto seu
 plaustra per porticos placij. et qui contra fecerit soluat
 pro qualibet vice sol. II. nisi ostenderetur manifeste quod
 via publica esset occupata uel impedita. uel nisi Intraret
 porticum in qua uellet et deberet discareare res quas uel
 portaret. Et qui iuerit per viam super terralium juxta
 maxeriam fossati plani cum bestijs vna uel pluribus soluat
   pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. V. pp.

384. [XXXIIII] HE WHO LEADS ANIMALS FROM THE CORRAL OR
              ENCLOSURE THROUGH THE PORTICOS OF THE PUBLIC
                SQUARE SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

    In the same way, [it is understood] that no person
 should dare to lead or to cause any animals to be led to or
 to allow any animals to go from a corral or enclosure
 through the porticos of the public square.  And, he, who
 violates [this bann], should pay two solidi pp. for each
 offence unless it is clearly shown that the public road was
 occupied or impeded or unless he entered the portico in
 which he wished to be  and he should unload those materials
 which he is conveying or carrying.  And, h, who goes along
 the road above Terralium near the wall of the dich of the
 land area together with one or more animals, should pay five
   solidi for each and every offence.


385. [XXXV] TENENTES CLAUSURAS IN PORTICHUBUS SEU MANTELLOS
             CONTRA DEBITUM QUALITER PUNIANTUR.

    Item statutum est quod aliqua persona de bugella seu
 que stet uel habitet in bugella non teneat nec faciat
 aliquam clausuram seu firmamentum de asiidibus uel lapidibus
 extra Murum domus versus porticum excepto mantello de
 asidibus quem facere possit exopposito introitus domus qui
 mantellus distet a terra per VII. pedes. Et qui
 contrafecerit soluat pro qualibet uice qua inuentus fuerit
 fecisse contra predicta et pro qua accusatus fuerit sol X.
 X. pp. et pro qualibet vice qua tenetur postea. sol. V. et
 habentes eas teneantur abstulisse infra. octo dies. et
 consules possint et teneantur inquirere et predictum
 statutum non intelligatur de scalis uel banchis que sunt in
 porticubus. set eas tenere possint. Et consules non possint
   dare licenciam.

385. [XXXV] HOW THOSE WHO KEEP ENCLOSURES IN THE PORTICOS OR
             SHEDS AGAINST A DEBTOR SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

    In the same way, it has been decreed that any person
 from Biella or anyone who stays or resides in Biella, should
 not maintain nor build any enclosure or support from the
 lumber or stones outside the wall of the palace opposite the
 portico with the exception of the wall of timber which one
 can build opposite the entrance of the palace; the wall
 would be seven feet high.  And, he, who violates [this
 bann], should pay twenty solidi pp. for each offence in
 which he has been found to have acted contrary to the
 aforesaid matters and for which he has been accused and he
 should pay five solidi for each offence for which he is
 later held [accountable].  And, those, who do have those
 materials, are obliged to have returned them within eight
 days.  And, the consuls can and are obliged to investigate;
 and the aforesaid statute is not understood concering the
 stairs and benches within the porticos, but they can
 maintain them.  And, the consuls can not grant a
   dispensation.






XXIII. RUBRICA DE CRIMINE STELIONATUS.

      XXIII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE CRIME OF "STELIONATES".


386. OMNIA DELICTA PUNIAT COMUNE BUGELLE. CUM PENA DEFFICIT
    ARBITRIO IUDICANTIS. NE GLORIETUR DELINQUENS CUM MALE
      GERIT.

    Quia non debeat remanere maleficia inpunita. Statutum
 est. quod si quod malificium seu denpnum reale personale uel
 mistum factum fuerit seu datum uel perpetratum seu iniuria
 facta et de predictis uel ipsorum aliquo non sit per aliud
 statum certa pena ordinata illud dampnum maleficium siue
 iniuria quocunque nomine censeantur puniantur ad arbitrium
 consulum et sapientum dicti comunis per consules qui pro
   temporibus fuerint electorum.

386. THE COMMUNE OF BIELLA MAY PUNISH ALL MISDEEDS WHEN A
    PENALTY IS LACKING IN THE JUDGEMENT OF A LAWYER LEST
      THE CRIMINAL BE GLORIFIED WHEN HE ACTS BADLY.

    Since wrongdoing should not remain unpunished, it has
 been decreed that, if any wrongdoing or loss, real,
 personal, or mixed, has been caused, imposed, or perpetrated
 or, if any injury has been incurred both from the aforesaid
 things or from any one of them, there should not be any
 reckoning without a certain, ordained penalty.  The loss,
 evildoing, or injury by whatever name it may be considered,
 should be punished at the decison of the Consuls and Wise
 Men of the aforesaid commune by the consuls who are in
   office at the time [at the decision] of the electors.





                             THE INVENTORY

                                 OF

                THE STATUTES OF THE COMMUNE OF BIELLA

 I.  THE RUBRIC CONCERNING CONSULS.

 1.   I    The Sacramental Oath of the Consuls.
2.   II   That the Consuls should acknowledge justice and
           enforce verdicts. (V. 3, 21, 35-37, 42-43, 65)
3.   III  That the commands of the Consuls should be heeded.
           (V. 2, 24, 29, 32, 48, 63)
4.   IIII The salary of the notary of the Consuls and what a
           notary can be obliged to do. (V. 36, 43, 341)
5.   V    To whom the Consul is obligated to provide lunch
         at some time and the penalty for he who does not
           acknowledge this.
6.   VI   Within what time a penalty must be exacted and a
         defense must be     undertaken. (V. 9, 26-27, 30,
           37, 44, 70)
7.   VII  The old consuls should give the fines to the new
           men with Christmastide. (V. 16, 50, 177-8, 367.
8.   VIII The statutes should be read within Christmastide
         every year and later should be handled as a public
           instrument.  (V. 6, 15, 33, 38, 40, 60, 285, 386.)
9.   VIIII All of the consuls are required to have charge of
         the income of the commune and to execute all of
           its business. (V. 6, 15, 33, 38, 40, 60, 285, 376)
10.  Y    Foreign workers should be paid on the first day.
         Native-born workers should be paid by the eighth
         day together with the expenses which they have
           declared.
11.  XI   All measures should be investigated and signed by
           Christmas. (V. 16, 226-235, 237-8.)
12.  XII  The penalty for moneychangers who refuse to change
           the monies of the commune.
13   XIII Which communities should harvest their woods
         within the Kalends of March.  (V. 64, 144, 148-
              151, 154-159, 161-164, 166-7, 257, 273, 274)
              [This chapter title does not correspond to the
                text of the chapter]
14.  XIV  The time and form of choosing determinatores and
           what they are obliged to do. (V. 18, 23)
15.  XV   The penalty for those consuls who account for more
           than they expend. (V. 9, 53)
16.  XVI  What the old consuls are obliged to consign to the
           new consuls within Christmastide.  (V. 7, 1, 19)
17.  XVII The consuls should see to it that the reading (of
         their solemn oath) is attended to by the Lord
         Bishop and the commune. (V. 42, 56, 101, 195, 244,
           267)
18.  XVIII By what right and how many councilors should be
         chosen and the penalty for the consuls who add
           (councilors).  (V. 14, 37, 86, 124, 250)
19.  XVIIII The investigation of weapons and the penalty for
         those who do not have them. (V. 16, 41, 241, 346,
           354, 372)
20.  XX   By whom and within what period of time new
         statutes should be placed in the volume of the
           statutes.  (V. 8)
21.  XXI  How often, in what manner, and within what period
           of time penalties should be adjudicated. (V. 2)
22.  XXII The form of appointing private guards. (V. 174,
           250, 328)
23.  XXIII In what manner the walls of the open spaces
         should be maintained and the penalty ordained for
         those actions against the consuls. (V. 14, 112,
           271, 272, 274-276, 279, 282)
24.  XXIIII That those who are prohibited from accepting
         sureties may be punished. (V. 3, 28, 60, 249, 344,
           346)
25.  XXV  How quickly he who is not obedient may be
           punished.  (V. 32)
26.  XXVI In how much time a defence may be conceded to
           those who have been accused. (V. 6)
27.  XXVII What defence must be granted to the accused. (V.
           24)
28.  XXVIII How those who have been sentenced should redeem
           their bond. (V. 24)
29.  XXVIIII The command of one consul should not invalidate
           that of the other. (V. 3)
30.  XXX  Before satisfaction [has been rendered], no
           defense should be granted. (V. 6)
 31.       When and how statutes must be improved. (V. 8)
32.  XXXI The penalty is ordained for those who do not go to
         the Council and for those who do not obey the
           precepts of the consuls. (V. 3, 25, 45-7, 57)
33.  XXXII How fines should be demanded from foreigners. (V.
           9)
34.  XXXIII A penalty has been decreed for those who speak
         threatening words or who strike the consuls. (V.
           94-103)
35.  XXXIIII On every lawful day for business, a clavarius
         (or mace-bearer) should sit before the tribune
           unless he is excused for a just cause. (V. 2)
36.  XXXV The mace-bearer may keep [the salary that he is
         paid] because he is obliged to sit before the
           tribunal every business day. (V. 2,4)
37.  XXXVI How fines should be imposed on foreigners and how
         the proceedings against all of them should be
           recorded. (V. 2, 6, 18)
38.  XXXVII How the expenses incurred by the Consuls should
         be paid by them or by those who should free
           themselves of them. (V. 9, 250)
39.  XXXVIII Within what period of time a person can resume
           a city magistracy. (V. 9)
40.  XXXVIIII In accounting for expenses, the person with
         whom, the day, and the month must be reported. (V.
           9)
41   XXXX Who can excuse someone else from the guard duty.
           (V. 19)
42-43 XXXXI What the consuls may have from an investigation
           and what they are obliged to do. (V. 2, 4, 17)
44.       An accused person is legitimately held for a
           penalty, unless it is proven to the contrary. (V.
            6)


II.  THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE CREDENTIA (or Legislative
      Assembly).

45.  I    How a person who does not come to the Credentia or
         speaks while it is in session may be punished (V.
           32)
46.  II   A person who speaks against the precepts of the
           Consul may be punished. (V. 32)
47.  III  Anyone who does not take an oath before coming to
           the Credentia may be punished. (V. 32)
48.  IIII Those matters which are to be acted upon should be
         ordered by a greater portion of the Credentia. (V.
           3)
49.  V    No one should hold an honor or an office in the
         Commune who is not an inhabitant (of the Commune)
         and who has refused to keep an honor. (V. 53, 59,
           101, 122, 252, 255, 383)
50.  VI   Concerning those fines for which permission is not
           given to grant a pardon. (V. 7, 99, 121)
51.  VII  A response should never be given in the presence
           of those seeking a pardon. (V. 52, 366)
52.  VIII A gift can not be given except when the
           magistrates are first assembled. (V. 51, 250).
53.  VIIII How the electors of the Consuls and the Consuls
         are chosen. (V. 15, 39, 49, 54-55, 96, 104-105,
         108-109, 121-122, 236, 249-250, 252, 262, 266,
           373, 374)
54.  X    How the electors of the officials and the
           officials should be chosen. (V. 53)
55.  XI   How the chosen electors of the Conculs  and the
         officials are deprived of their office by the
           Podesta. (V. 53, 110)
56.  XII  A majority portion of the Credentia can change
           what has been ordained. (V. 8, 17)
57.  XIII The penalty for those who propose anything before
         the matters proposed by the Consuls will have been
           acted upon. (V. 32)
58.  XIIII When an instrument for pardon which has been made
         by the Commune is in force and the penalty for the
         notary who marks an instrument against the form of
           the statutes. (V. 241, 243, 259-260, 270)
59.  XV   The penalty for the foreigner who goes to an
         assembly made by the decision of the Commune. (V.
           49, 250)


 III. THE RUBRIC OF THE COMMUNE.

60.  I    The penalty for not making payment within the time
           limit which has been ordained. (V. 9, 24)
61.  II   The salary established for equestrian ambassadors
           (V.62)
62.  III  The salary for those who are on foot and carrying
           out the business of the Commune.
63.  IIII The penalty for not attending to the instructions
         of the Commune and the proceedings against them
           indicated by the Consuls. (V. 3, 292, 349)
64.  V    The penalty for those who trim the trees in the
           Commune beyond the form of the statute. (V. 13)
65   VI   Punishments are adjudicated by those of the
           Credentia from the mandate of the Consuls.
66.  VII  On Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, the goods of
         those coming to the marketplace should not be
           hindered. (V. 182)
67.  VIII The Lord of the household should pay for the
         tenant (or hired person\mercenary) who refuses to
         sustain the honors of the commune. (V. 240, 245-
                247, 268)
68.  VIIII Expenditures by the officials of associations
         beyond their means (financial resources) without
         the license of the Comune should by no means be
           repeated. (V. 75-82, 89-93)
69.  X    Any person causing damage in someone else's home
           is bound to pay five solidi. (V. 97, 103, 147,
           186, 356)
70.       An accused person who does not make a defense with
           a month is considered to be convicted.


IIII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING HOLY DAYS, CHURCHES, CONVENTS,
       BROTHERHOODS, AND HOSPITALS.

71.  XI   The manner in which those who swear and blaspheme
         Jesus and the other Saints of God should be
           punished.
72.  XII  On which fast days it is forbidden to work. (V.
           74, 87)
73.  XIII How those who climb atop the churches should be
           punished. (V. 83-85)
74.  XIIII At which feasts and vigils access should be
           prohibited. (V. 72)
75.  XV   By whom the officials of the brotherhoods are
         chosen and who they are and within what time and
         in what manner they are obbliged to render an
           accounting under penalty. (V. 68)
76.  XVI  What and how much brothers are obliged to pay and
         the penalty for those who do not attend to this as
           they should. (V. 68)
77.  XVII The penalty for those who refuse the duty of
           brotherhood. (V.68)
78.  XVIII He who would introduce a foreign brotherhood into
         Biella is obliged to pay as if there were other
           brothers. (V. 68)
79.  XVIIII The penalty for the old officials of a
         brotherhood who do not consign (the goods and
         papers) to the new (officials) as they are obliged
           to. (V. 68)
80.  XX   He who is wasteful at a brotherhood should be
         punished when he is not received into that
           brotherhood. (V. 68)
81.  XXI  The penalty for the prior who does not render an
         accounting and who does not reimburse the treasury
         within the time which he customarily has from the
           revenue beyond that which is expended. (V. 68)
82.  XXII Within what period of time someone is obliged to
           resume an office in a brotherhood. (V. 68)
83.  XXIII The penalty for those going for blessed bread on
           behalf of a higher authority. (V.73)
84.  XXIIII The penalty for those repeating gossip or
         scandal when the divine offices are being
           celebrated. (V. 73)
85.  XXV  The penalty for those who do not go to the four
           solemnly ordained psalms. (V.73)
86.  XXVI At what time those who receive an accounting of
           the hospital should be chosen. (V. 18, 88, 124)
87.  XXVII Concerning which feast days the Consuls are not
           allowed to give permission to work. (V. 72)
88.  XXVIII Contracts which are entered into by the
         officials or brothers of the hospital without the
           permission of the Consuls are prohibited.
89.       The old Consuls should cause an accounting of the
         brotherhood to be made for them in the presence of
           Bertold and the others. (V. 68)
90.  XXIX The penalty for nuns who do not mark the third
         hour (with the ringing of a bell) and for those
         who do not present themselves at the appointed
           hour. (V. 68)
91.  XXX  The penalty for the nuns who do not pay the prior
         and for priors who do not pay creditors within the
           appointed time. (V. 68)
92.  XXXI How the Consuls and the prior are obliged to
         consign or cause the bonds and rights of the
           brotherhood to be consigned. (V. 68)
93.  XXXII The penalty for not consigning the rights and
         instruments of the brotherhood within the ordained
           time limit. (V. 68)
124. XXXIII How often and in what manner the Consuls are
         obliged to cause the hospital to be visited. (V.
           18, 86)


 V.   THE RUBRIC CONCERNING INJURIES AND BLOOD-LETTING.

94.  I    The penalty for he who blasphemes the Commune or
           an official of the Commune. (V. 34)
95.  II   The penalty for he who speaks injurious words. (V.
           34)
96.  III  Striking an official or a Consul should be
           punished (V. 34, 54)
97.  IIII Breaking and entering a house furtively and
           throwing stones should be punished.
98.  V    The penalty for striking, spitting, or drawing
           steel against anyone. (V. 34, 99)
99.  VI   He who carries weapons to a disturbance during the
         day should be punished. (V. 34, 50, 98, 100, 103,
           348, 350-351)
100. VII  The Consuls are required to investigate
           disturbances involving weapons. (V. 34, 99)
101. VIII The penalty for giving aid to foreigners fomenting
           a disturbance. (V. 17, 34, 49)
102. VIIII How those who foment a disturbance in the market
         place and hinder those who are coming and going
           should be punished from here on. (V. 34, 182)
103.      The penalty for those who assault someone while
         armed or unarmed at the home of any person. (V.
           34, 69, 99)


 VI.  THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE OFFICIALS OF THE COMMUNE.

104. I    Those who do not perform their duties legally
           should be punished. (V. 53, 106-107, 121)
105. II   The penalty for those who refuse a duty publicly
           delegated to them. (V. 53)
106. III  Consuls and officials are restricted from unlawful
         acts from which they can not give a dispensation.
           (V. 104)
107  IIII The penalty for a Consul who gives a dispensation
           which he is not permitted to. (V. 104)
108. V    Within what period of time a person is prohibited
         from being an official and how a servant may be
           removed. (V. 53)
109. VI   A servant of the commune can not be legally
           engaged in only public duty. (V. 53)
110. VII  Peasants anf foreigners holding a hearth or
         animals should be punished. (V. 55, 111-120, 123,
           125, 130, 135-136, 142, 213)
111. VIII The penalty for peasants who enter vineyards and
         who take  possession of a portion of a crop other
           than that which is theirs. (V. 110, 129)
112. VIII Peasants who do not use the roads or who are
         stealing from someone else's vineyards should be
           punished. (V. 23, 110, 113, 129)
113. X    Peasants who do not perform their (feudal?) duties
         within a period of time should be punished. (V.
           110, 112, 115, 117)
114. XI   The penalty for peasants who carry out (their
         duties) in the fields as they are obliged to. (V.
           110)
115. XII  How many fiochoni (= peasants chosen to oversee or
         guard vineyards and/or fields) and when the
         peasants of the vineyard are obliged to appoint
         them and the penalty ordained against the
           fiochoni. (V. 110, 113, 129)
116. XIII In what manner officials are obliged to give
           sureties. (V. 110, 292)
117. XIIII The form and penalty for peasants and new
           fiochoni. (V. 110, 113)
118. XV   What losses peasants are obliged to provide
           restitution for. (V. 110, 292)
119. XVI  Consuls are required to investigate peasants. (V.
           110, 292)
120. XVII The peasants who pasture their animals within the
           ditches should be punished. (V. 110)
121. XVIII The penalties for officials who gamble and who
         behave frivolously. (V. 50, 53, 104, 175-176, 179-
           181)
122. XVIIII He, who is not bound by the statutes of the
           Commune, can not perform the duty of the notary.
123. XX   The penalty for foresters who do not accuse those
         who are carrying (materials) from the Commune or
         from the holdings of others. (V. 110, 123, 192,
           254, 271, 315-328)
 124.      See number XXXIII, Rubric VI, after number 93.
125.      The penalty for officials who do not inspect the
           rugia (embankments).


VII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING MEADOWLANDS, OPEN FIELDS,
      VINEYARDS, AND ENCLOSED AREAS.

126. I    In what way presa (administrative districts)
         should be made in the unenclosed lands and how
         those breaking this law should be punished (V.
           128, 130, 132, 134, 136-139, 141)
127. II   The penalty for those who give offence or who
         pasture (animals) in the fields or possessions of
         someone else. (V. 129, 136-138, 140-141, 143, 169,
           295-297, 299, 304, 358)
128. III  The penalty for someone who goes with a wagon
         through the seeded holding belonging to someone
           else. (V. 126)
129. IIII He who goes through the enclosed holding belonging
         to someone else from Saint Eusebius to the
         wineries should be punished. (V. 111-112, 115,
           127, 130-132, 143)
130. V    The diversity of penalties according to the
         diversity of the animals who are pastured in the
    VI   holdings belonging to someone else and the penalty
         for not enclosing one's animals. (V. 110, 126,
           129, 169)
131. VII  No one is permitted to pasture animals on the
           lands belonging to someone else. (V. 129, 169)
132. VIII Leading an animal which is not working on to the
           property of someone else should be punished
133. VIIII The penalty for a person who keeps or raises
         trees, except for the altini, outside of the
         ditches of the open fields. (V. 193, 196-197, 199,
           203-204, 212-218, 278, 290, 292-294, 365, 370-371)
134. X    A person laboring beyond the limits placed by the
           Commune should be punished. (V. 126, 135)
135. XI   The penalty for a man in whose holding the
         boundary has been altered and what the official in
         charge of the fields (camparius) should do in the
           aforesaid matters. (V. 110, 134, 197-198, 303)
136. XII  The penalty for reapers/harvesters and for those
           who hire them (V. 110, 126-127)
137. XIII The penalty for those who carry growing plants
         into their holding and do not have (such
           holdings). (V. 126-127, 132)
138. XIIII The penalty for the person who carries off
         produce from the branches of his own cherry trees.
         (V. 123, 126-127, 137, 145-147, 149, 152-153, 155-
           156, 160, 165, 168, 254)
139. XV   The penalty for those who go through a third
           party's seeded fields. (V. 126)
140. XVI  The penalty for those who are cutting and carrying
         off the gleanings and foliage belonging to some
           one else. (V. 127)
141. XVII Someone who carries off a cuva (vat or measure) of
           grain should be punished.
142. XVIII What the camparius can take from a shepherd in
           the open fields. (V. 110)
143. XVIIII The penalty for those who tamper with vines and
           who sell them to other people. (V. 127, 129)


VIII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING BRUSH, WOOD, AND PORTIONS OF
       LAND.

144. I    In the Commune of Brusato, animals should not be
           sent to graze.
145. II   How he who carries, sells, or buys silage anywhere
         other than the public squares should be punished.
           (V. 138)
146. III  The penalty for those who buy or receive brushwood
           while they live outside of the land. (V. 138, 254)
147. IIII A person, who breaks up the wooden [structure] of
         a building and sells the wood belonging to the
           Commune, should be punished. (V. 69, 138)
148. V    The penalty for carrying fire in the communities
           and the properties of others. (V. 13, 184)
149. VI   The penalty for those persons who admit [ that
         they have caused] brushwood to be dragged, burned,
         or cut down by the men of Tolegnum or Paleonum.
           (V. 13, 138)
150. VII  Valalta serramonda as the one and only  Commune
           that should be disbanded. (V. 13)
151. VIII The accuser should have a third of all of the
         fines which are exacted on behalf of the forests.
           (V. 13, 222)
152.      Concerning which forest in the Commune [men) are
           not permitted to labor. (V. 138)
153. VIIII. He who has been found outside [of the town
         gates] carrying, making off with, collecting, or
         conveying wood is obliged to pay the fine. (V.
           138)
154. XI   [Any person who is] cutting or destroying the
         orchard belonging to someone else should be
           punished (V. 13)
155. XII  The penalty for he who goes forth during the time
         which has been released from the ban before the
           ringing of the bell. (V. 13, 138)
156. XIII How many villages are permitted to go to the woods
         daily during the time released from the ban. (V.
           13, 138)
157. XIIII He who cuts or carries off olive [plantings] from
           the commune or from foreign associations. (V. 13)
158. XV   How long the communes should be abandoned to the
           beasts after they were disbanded. (V. 13)
159. XVI  At what time anyone can cut and sell with impunity
         the plantings of alder and olive trees on their
           own land. (V. 13)
160. XVII The penalty for he who, in the presence of Blessed
         Mary and Saint Bartholomew, takes away the woods
           of the community. (V. 138, 254)
161. XVIII New and old associations are under penalty with
         the exception of those whose boundaries have been
           set from horseback. (V. 13)
162. XVIIII The diversity of fimes between a sry and a green
           forest should be noted. (V. 13)
163. XX   Within which place permission can not be granted
           to give the wood. (V. 13)
164. XXI  How and for how long the Forest of Biella is
           placed under a bann. (V. 13)
165.      The penalty for foresters who give permission to
         carry off bundles of wood from the thickets that
           should be avoided. (V. 123, 138)
166. XXII How the communes of Malpassum valaltae solere and
         serramunde should be released from their bann. (V.
           13)
167. XXIII When and for how long the associations of
           individuals should be released from their bann.
           (V. 13)
168. XXIIII The penalty for those who carry off wood under
         the guise of [being from] Cavallum and are [from
         towns] other than Cavallum and for those who have
           given permission to them. (V. 138)
169. XXV  What works are forbidden in the fields belonging
         to other tenants. (V. 127, 130-131, 144, 257, 269,
         282, 284, 286-291, 296, 335-341, 348, 361-362,
           364)


 IX. THE RUBRICS CONCERNING THE FORESTERS.

170. I    What foresters should have for the forestry
         service and that they should not presume to keep
         animals with a stick (i.e., herd them as sheep).
           (V. 123)
171. II   Foresters should not take rods or make them for
           their personal use. (V. 123)
 172. III. To what service foresters are obliged. (V. 123)
173-4. IIII What works are forbidden in the fields of other
         tenents. (V> 127, 130-131, 144, 257, 269, 282,
           284, 286-291, 296, 335-341, 348, 361-362, 364)


 X. THE RUBRICS CONCERNING GAMBLING AND GAMBLERS.

175. I    The penalty against those who gamble, who are
         frivolous, who give counsel or favor, and against
           those who permit gambling in their homes. (V. 121)
176. II   Those who play anything other than checkers or
           chess. (V. 121)
177. III  The penalty for persons who have been banned or
           for those  who give councel or comfort. (V. 7)
178. IIII The new and old consuls should be assigned to one
         consistory in acknowledging and assessing past and
           future practices. (V. 7)
179. V    The penalty for those who permit gambling in their
           porticos and who give encouragement to gamblers.
            (V. 121)
180. VI   The inn-keeper in whose establishment gambling
         takes place, is ignored, or is permitted should be
           punished. (V. 121)
181.      A person who confesses that he has gambled in the
         establishment of an inn-keeper or a baker should
         be considered a legitimate witness. (V. 121, 308,
           330)


XI.  THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE PUBLIC SQUARE AND ITS
      ORNAMENTATION

182. I    [No one should be) selling anything other than
         wood outside of the gates of the public square on
         Thursday. (V. 66, 102, 183, 194, 202, 355, 378-
                380)
183. II   [No one should be] buying or selling salt or grain
         anywhere other than the palace of the Commune. (V.
           182)
184. III  The penalty for those who would maintain a
         cooperage in the public square of anything other
         than copper, and how this matter should be
         investigated. (V. 148, 185, 206, 220, 222-223,
           299, 306, 321, 327, 330, 333, 375)
185. IIII Keeping straw or branches above the upper floors
         should be punished, if the [roofs] have not been
           tarred. (V. 184)
186. V    He who throws stones over the roofs should be
           punished. (V. 69)
187. VI   He who permits montonos leami within the public
         square should be punished. (V. 188-189, 195, 205,
           208, 210, 219, 221, 278, 280-281, 353)
188. VII  He, who permits windlasses within the public
         square, should be punished. (V. 191, 200-201, 207,
           209, 278, 283-284, 384-385)
189.      No one is permitted to erect vendors' stalls at a
           forbidden time and place.
190. VIII Those who thresh grain in and about the public
         square should be punished. (V. 191, 200-201, 207,
           209, 211, 219, 278, 283, 384-385)
191. VIIII No one should dare to place or sell anything
         other than grain in the public square of the
           Commune. (V. 190)
192. X    Those who do not have sufficient gutters above the
         porticos between the homes in the public square
         should be punished. (V. 125, 193, 209, 213, 279,
           282, 370)
193. XI   The penalty for causing damage in ditches that
           draw water. (V. 133, 192.
194. XII  The penalty for buying anything outside of the
           gates on market days. (V. 182)
195. XIII Nothing which defiles or is filthy should occur in
         the public square where the consuls are conducting
           [day to day business]. (V. 17, 187)


XII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE PUBLIC SQUARE, THE OPEN LAND,
      AND THEIR DEFENCES.

196. I    How a person is obliged to maintain the communal
 `       defences which have been constructed on his land.
           (V. 133)
197. II   No one should remove the boundary markers of the
         ditches which have been placed by the Commune (V.
           133, 135)
198. III  He should be punished who does not report when
         someone has removed the boundary markers of the
           ditches near his property. (V. 135)
199. IIII He who digs up or cuts away the boundary markers
           to the bottom of a ditch [should be punished].
200. V    The ban against those who beat pelisses and pelts
           in the porticos and public squares.
201. VI   The penalty for keeping wooden beams on the public
           roads for more than a year. (V. 190)
202. VII  On Thursday, no one should dare to sell anything
         in any place other than under the roof of the
           Commune. (V. 182)
203. VIII That no one should excavate closer than one
         pertico to the defences of the open spaces. (V.
           133)
204. VIIII He who crosses the enclosed fortifications or the
           public defences should be punished. (V. 133)
205. X    No one should dare to cause damage to the public
           roads. (V. 187)
206. XI   Those who carry hay or straw next to their homes
           or the public roads should be punished. (V. 184)
207. XII  The penalty for those who climb over enclosures
         throughout the land or [allow their] animals [to
           do so] without a bridle. (V. 190)
208. XIII No one should dare to place a drain in the ditches
           of the public land. (V. 187)
209  XIIII Those who keep drains (or "sinks") or who hurl
         water from their upper stories [should be
           punished]. V. 190, 192)
210. XV   Those who scatter fecal matter beyond the ordained
           limits [should be punished]. (V. 187)
211. XVI  Those who keep lambs during the forbidden time
           [should be punished]. (V. 190)
212. XVII Those who keep willows within their enclosures
           against the form [should be punished].  (V. 133)
213-218  XVIII-XXII Those who cause damage in the ditches
         and terraces should be equally punished. (V. 110,
           133, 192)
219. XIX  Branches and beams should not be extended into the
           open places beyond the columns.
 220. XX   Cutting grain in the households for hay. (V. 184)
 221.      The penalty for urinating near the gates (V. 187)
222-223.  The penalty for those who have a shed roofed with
           straw in forbidden places. (V. 187)


 XIII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING MEASURES AND HEALTH.

224. I    What the alum gatherers should take and what they
         and the consuls should have for the millers. (V.
           230, 232, 235-236, 329)
225. II   Who are obliged to bring about [public] health.
           (V. 151, 254, 256, 261, 283, 329, 332)
226. III  Those who keep dishonest measures should be
           punished. (V. 11)
227. IIII Those who measure with unapproved measures should
           be punished. (V. 11)
228-229.  V The penalty for not measuring according to the
         measures of Biella and the form ordained in ovens.
           (V. 11, 231, 233, 238)
230. VI   Those who take the number of measures, which they
         are approved for, are obliged to see to it that
         [the weights which they have signed for and for
         whom they are destined] should be written in the
           Book. (V. 11, 224, 308)
231. VII  The modification of ditches about which there are
           rocks for the project. (V. 11, 229)
232. VIII Those who take a number of measures must consign
           them to the consuls. (V. 111, 224, 308)
233. VIIII In how many villages the consuls are obliged to
         conduct investigations against innkeeprs and
           bakers. V. 11, 209, 308)
234. X    The penalty for those who sell in the public
         square with measures that are not wholly made of
           iron. (V. 11)
235. XI   When the old assumers (of measures) are obliged to
           consign them to the new treasurer. (V.11, 229)
236.      The electors of the officials can not choose an
         assumer, while they are on the council or the
           Credentia. (V. 53, 224)
237       A reseller can not keep measures in his home which
           have not been sealed. (V. 11)
 238.      The new statute concerning bakers. (V. 11, 229)


 XIII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING HABITATION AND NEIGHBORHOODS.

239. I    How and for whom those who have holdings from the
         Commune can sell without penalties. (V. 242, 244,
           247-248, 267, 348)
240. II   Those who reside in Biella should establish
           residency in a neighborhood. (V. 67)
241, 259, 260, 270  III, XXI, XXII  How residents should be
           received. (V. 19, 58)
242, 244, 247-248, 267.  IIII, VI, VIIII, X, XXIX, XXXI
         Those who are prohibited from acquiring [goods and
         property] in Biella and for whom there is an
         interdict against selling anything. (V. 17, 67,
           239)
243. V    By reason of time or of origin, one is not made an
           inhabitant of Biella. (V. 58)
245, 268. VI  Those who reside in Biella for its facilities
           should pay for its honors. (V. 67)
246. VII  The territory of Biella and the serfs who are men
         of Biella should sustain the honors of Biella
           together with their commune.
249. VIII Those who secretly acknowledge a confederation
         should be punished by the consuls. (V. 24, 53, 63,
           250, 266, 292, 342, 373-4)
250. VIIII Cliques and men hostile to the commune and
         consuls of Biella should be punished. (V. 18, 22,
           38, 52-53, 59, 249, 252-253, 255, 262-263, 382)
251. X    Concerning that which is prohibited or which has
         been changed from its natural color.  A measure of
         cloth which one should not presume to make or
           sell. (V. 225, 265, 329)
252. XI   There should not be consul of an association who
           is not from Biella. (V. 49, 53, 200)
253. XII  What the consul of an association should swear to
         the Consuls of Biella and what the consuls of the
           commune are obliged to do. (V. 8, 250)
254. XIII Which sworn oath those who live outside of the
         gate are obliged to keep. (V. 125, 138, 146, 160,
           225, 258)
255. XIIII He, who was not an inhabitant, should not be
           brought to the Credentia. (V. 49, 250)
256. XV   When vassals should be presented to the consuls by
         their lords to acknowledge their protection (i.e.,
           swear fealty). (V. 225)
257. XVI  A foreigner living in Biella should not use the
         communities until he exhibits a bond according to
           the statute. (V. 13, 169)
258. XVII The penalty for the lords and inhabitants who live
           outside of the gates. (V. 254)
261. XVIII Those who are obliged to make an act of
         willingness to follow and the penalty for those
         who do not acknowledge that which has been
           ordained. (V. 225)
262-263  XIX  The statutes of association should not be used
         unless it has been specially approved of by the
           commune.
264. XX   The reward for oil dealers for acknowledging the
           regulation for oil.
265. XXI  For how much weavers are obliged to make a measure
           of cloth and a loom. (V. 251)
266. XXII Advocates and procurators against the community.
           (V. 53, 249)
269. XXIII A foreigner who does not retain an association
         for an entire winter to graze may be denied it in
           the summer. (V. 169)


 XV. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING ROADS AND OTHER CORPORATIONS.

271. I    At Trevola, the consuls of the roads are obliged
         to see to it that they are acted upon. (V. 23,
           125)
272. II   Rocks should not be taken through which roads or
           corporations might be damaged. (V. 23)
273. III  The corporations of Pendina Placii should always
           remain in the commune. (V. 13)
274. IIII The penalty for occupying the public roads and
           public squares. (V. 13, 23)
275. V    He who does not send a mission sufficient to act
           upon the public roads should be punished. (V. 23)
276. VI   He who damages the roads which have been publicly
           ordered. (V. 23)
277. VII  Outside of Palenchata, it is not permitted  to
           grow trees above the ditches. (V. 122)
278. VIII It is not permitted to establish mills in the
           Commune or public square. (V. 187, 190, 329)
279. VIIII Associations or special activities acknowledge
         that they should not pollute the loads in any way.
           (V. 23, 192)
280. X    No one is permitted to place a structure on any
         road in the community which leads out of the
           place. (V. 187)
281. XI   Stench and water fouled by skins should not be
           dumped on to a public place. (V. 187)
282. XII  No one has permission to graze in Lavazano nor to
         cause damage to the aforesaid road to draw water.
           (V. 23, 169, 192)
283. XIII Those who toss out or cuts metal waste in a public
           place should be punished. (V. 190, 225)
284. XIIII The penalty for those who dispose (of waste
         materials) in meadows which are held by a Commune,
         unless it is in another meadow (designated by the
         Commune) and the penalty for those who go beyond
           the limits. (V. 169)
285. XV   When those who hold from the Commune are obliged
           to pay taxes. (V. 9)


 XVI. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING ANIMALS.

286. I    A foreigner can not graze [his animals] in the
           territory of Biella. (V. 169)
287. II   Anyone can accuse regarding losses to his own
           [property]. (V. 169)
288. III  The penalty ordained for those who keep goats. (V.
           169, 335, 340)
289. IIII The penalty ordained for those who graze their
           animals on the roads to Campania. (V. 169)
290. V    The herdsmen of animals feeding in the ditches
           should be punished. (V. 133, 169)
291. VI   What those who graze their animals during the
           night are obliged to pay. (V. 169)


 XVII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING LOSSES AND DAMAGES.

292. I    Both how and when restitution must be made for
         losses and damages. (V. 63, 116, 118, 133, 249,
           298, 300, 305, 307)
293-4. II What those who damage enclosures and ditches are
           obliged to pay. (V. 133)
295. III  Those who damage and live in caves without the
         permission of the lords [of the holdings]. (V.
           127)
296. IIII He who exports hay or plants from the meadows
           should be punished. (V. 127, 169)
297-8. V  He who carried wime to Botallos should be
           punished. (V. 127)
299. VI   The penalty for those who run off in the time of
           fire or rumor. (V. 127, 184)
300. VII  Concerning those who cause losses outside of the
         territories of Biella and no restitution should be
         made for animals belonging to foreigners in the
           spring.  (V. 292)
301-2. VIII How those going forth to loot and buying loot
           should be punished. (V. 367)
303. VIIII Those who pluck out boundary markers should be
           punished. (V. 135)
304. X    Those who break and steal chestnuts belonging to
           someone else.
305. XI   No restitution should be made for a loss caused in
         a property placed under a bann by anyone other
           than from a consul.  (V. 292)
306. XII  The penalty for setting a fire with candles during
         the Christmas season at St. Stephen's is set
           aside.
298 & XIII The loss for those who have refused to sustain
 307          the honor of the Commune should not be restored.
           (V. 292)


 XVIII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING INNS AND INNKEEPERS.

308/312 I Buying, selling, placing wine in a goblet against
         the statute should be punished. (V. 180-1, 230,
           232-3, 309-311, 313-4)
309. II   No one should dare to sell more wine than that
           which contained in a goblet. (V. 308)
310. III  The penalty for selling wine to a person who is
         not obligated to sustain the honors [of the
           communes]. (V. 308)
311. IIII Those who are buying or selling [wine] after the
           sounding of the night watch's bell. (V. 308)
313. V    Those who sell wine to an incarcerated enemy
           should be punished. (V. 308)
314.      The penalty for those for a coin (mite) against
           the statute. (V. 308)


XIX. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE RUGIA (i.e., EMBANKMED
      WATERCOURSES).

315. I    No one should dare to disrupt the embanked
           watercourses from above the mill. (V. 125)
316/319. II Those who cause filth on the embanked
         watercourses should be punished and inspections
           should be undertaken. (V. 125)
317. III  Those who cause damage in the trivolum, canals, or
           fortifications. (V. 125)
318. IIII Annimals entering the embanked watercourses within
           tierce. (V. 125)
320. V    A person should maintain a bridge in front of his
           own home with his own resources. (V. 125)
321. VI   How, how much, and at what time, embanked water
         courses may be drawn through the public square.
           (V. 125, 184)
322. VII  The embanked watercourses may not be drawn through
         the margins of the public square or of the
           vineyard. (V. 125)
323. VIII The embanked watercourses should not be broken
         alongside the canals for a distance of four
           perticas. (V. 125)
324. VIIII Those who graze their herds on the embanked
         watercourses before tierce should be punished. (V.
           125)
325. X    The embanked watercourses should not be drawn
           through a good road.
326. XI   Those who damage the embanked watercourses from
         above the Bridge of Torratia should be punished.
           (V. 125)
327. XII  Where and by whom the embanked watercourses may be
         broken, if a fire should should break out in the
           public square.
328.      No one should drain water from the embanked
         watercourses of the public square for his own
           land. (V. 22, 125)


 XX. THE RUBRIC OF THE MILLS AND THE OVENS.

329. I    What millers may take for the work which they do
           in the mill. (V. 224-5, 251, 278, 331, 334)
330. II   Those who do not have ovens open at the mouth and
         in what way they are obliged to remove the
           latchpins. (V. 80, 181, 184, 332-3)
331. III  The drivers of the mill's donkeys who give them
         water to drink which they are forbidden to do
           should be punished (V. 329)
332. IIII What a baker is obliged to swear to  and to do.
           (V. 225, 330)
333. V    Those who bake bread and those who keep fire in
         the ovens when it is windy and summarily after the
           ringing of the bell. (V. 184, 330)
334.      At the mill, only one person should accept the
           grains to be milled or baked. (V. 329)


 XXI. THE RUBRICS CONCERNING THE ALPS.

335-341. I-V  Diverse [laws] ordained in regard to the Alps
           and those who pasture [animals] in them.


 XXII. THE EXTRAORDINARY RUBRICS.

342. I    He who enacts [legislation] against the Commune
           should be punished. (V. 249)
343/351 II The penalty against those who give aid to those
           who are bearing arms. (V. 99)
344. III  Sureties without value taken from sons and vassals
         should be returned to fathers and lords.  (V. 24,
           347, 349)
345. IIII The statute concerning spouses who go from their
           land. (V. 369, 381)
346. V    Clothing and weapons should not be obligated for
           surety. (V. 19, 24)
347. VI   Fathers and lords are compelled to pay the portion
           on behalf of a son or a vassal. (V. 344)
348. VII  Which possessions are forbidden to be handed over
           to foreigners.  (V. 169, 239)
349. VIII No one can bring in a foreign weapon [which is]
         longer than the limit of the [statutory]
           measurement. (V. 344)
 350. VIIII Those who are carrying forbidden weapons. (V. 99)
352  X    Those who venture outdoors after the bell without
           a light. (V. 372)
353. XI   Causing or having waste in a latrine with damage
           to someone else.
354. XII  He who furnishes weapons should be punished and
           when they should be branded. (V. 19)
355. XIII Those who purchase hens and pullets so that they
           might be taken from the marketplace. (V. 182)
356. XIIII Those who enter and disrupt the possession
           belonging to someone else. (V. 69)
357/359.  XV Neither dead animals nor hides should be bought
         or sold and they should not be brought into
           Biella.
358. XVI  He who accepts doves that are privately owned
           should be convicted. (V. 127)
 360. XVII He who takes a wolf should receive a reward.
361.      The Consuls are obliged to see to it that open
           fields are measured.
362. XVIII Lands can not be yielded up from the meadowland
           far above Aronchandum. (V. 169)
363. XVIIII Those who have been censured for falsehood
           should be punished as is suitable.
364. XX   When shares [of food] which are in the communes
           should be impounded. (V. 169)
365. XXI  No trees with the exception of the altines should
         be permitted to grow from below the ditch. (V.
           133)
366. XXII How one might donate more than the quantity of ten
           pounds and concerning the Credentia. (V.51)
367. XXIII It is fitting that those who commit assaults, are
         receivers [of stolen goods], or commit rapes be
           convicted. (V. 7, 301)
 368. XXIIII At what time it is forbidden to fish.
369. XXV  Nothing in the meadowland or forested areas must
         be demanded summarily for the purpose of marriage.
           (V. 345)
370. XXVI What those who have pipes over the ditches are
           obliged to do. (V. 133, 192)
371. XXVII Those who pasture animals in the enclosures of
           the meadowlands or in the ditches. (V. 133)
372.      One Hundred Clients should be chosen for the
           purpose of protecting the roads.  (V. 19, 352)
373-374. XXVIII In regard to the statute against those who
         go to the places of the rebels and give them aid
           and counsel. (V. 53, 249)
375. XXVIIII It is not permitted to keep a fire throughout
         the land during windy season and certainy not in
           the households of the public square. (V. 184)
376. XXX. It is not permitted to make a present of something
           promised or owed to the Commune. (V. 9)
377. XXXI How it should be resolved by the statute makers in
         every question or doubt which has arisen by reason
           of the statutes or payments of the Commune. (V. 9)
378-380. XXXII That those who are buying, selling, or
         receiving fish anywhere other than in the public
           square should be punished. (V. 182)
381.      No one should visit or give [anything to] a person
           striken with the plague. (V. 182)
382.      Anyone is obliged to be a member of the College of
           the Arts. (V. 250)
383. XXXIII Foreigners should not dare to approach to make
           an assembly for the sake of a commune. (V. 49)
384. XXXIIII Those who lead animals from the pens or the
         enclosures through the porticos of the public
           square should be punished. (V. 190)
385. XXXV Those who keep enclosures or mantelets in
         preparation for a debtor should be punished. (V.
           190)


 XXIII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE CRIME OF STELIONATES.

386.      The Commune of Biella may punish all misdeeds when
         a penalty is lacking in the judgement of a lawyer
           lest the criminal be glorified when he acts badly.



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